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11980—2010年东北地区种植结构时空变化特征显示文摘【目的】探讨过去30年东北地区像元尺度种植结构的时空分布特征和演变规律,为东北地区农业政策的调整提供科学基础。【方法】基于1980—2010年东北三省的玉米、大豆、水稻和小麦种植面积的县级统计数据,利用SPAM-China模型获取10 km像元尺度上种植结构的分布信息,构建以像元内种植面积比例超过30%和占比前三位的种植结构类型的判定方式,利用空间叠加方法分析种植比例及其结构类型的时空变化特征。【结果】运用像元结果初步阐明了东北地区的种植结构变化特征,首先种植规模的优先顺序在2000年左右发生了变化,由玉米>大豆>小麦>水稻变为玉米>大豆>水稻>小麦;其次,30年间共出现14种组合类型,包括6种水稻及其组合类型由1980年的8.30%增至2010年18.64%,主要分布于辽河平原、松嫩平原和三江平原等地;7种玉米及其组合类型占比超过三分之二,累积比例增长3.7%,主要分布在东北的中西部,是该地区的主要种植作物;5种大豆及其组合类型累积比例减少4.2%,空间上发生了显著的置换,由散布在三省的格局迅速北移集中于黑龙江;7种小麦及其组合类型累积比例从26.82%降为3.17%,是变化最为显著的种植结构类型,现有少量集中于黑龙江嫩江附近。再次,3种种植结构类型变化较多,一是由开垦耕地带来的新类型,占所有变化类型比例为20.91%,特别是黑龙江省拓荒带来的大规模水稻种植;二是单一作物型变化为两种或以上作物类型组合,占比为34.90%,组合作物主要为水稻和大豆;三是多种作物组合型变为单一作物型,将种植结构类型集聚,占比为41.36%,主要为玉米种植区的调整。【结论】过去30年种植结构类型变化规律为种植结构类型分布受玉米和大豆主导,其中大豆空间转移至黑龙江,水稻正成为东北地区重要种植类型,而小麦则持续萎缩至局部地区,种植结构类型变化趋势将以玉米、大豆和水稻为主,单一化趋势显著。种植结构调整方向应从减少单一玉米型和增加水稻和大豆组合型入手。刘珍环 唐鹏钦 范玲玲 杨鹏 吴文斌 2016中国农业科学2016,49,21:40
2基于县域单元的我国水稻生产时空动态变化显示文摘水稻是我国最重要的粮食作物之一,阐明近几十年来水稻的时空动态变化特征,对于优化水稻布局、促进水稻生产的可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究基于1985年以来的县域水稻生产数据,分析了我国水稻产量、面积和单产的时空动态变化特征和水稻生产重心迁移轨迹,在此基础上量化了水稻面积和单产对总产的贡献度。结果发现,我国水稻产量变化以49年周期为主, 21年为辅,面积变化周期为26年,单产变化周期为60年; 1985—2015年间,在水稻种植区域内,近50%地区产量上升,约70%播种面积减少,80%以上区域单产增加;我国水稻产量、面积重心分别向东北方向迁移229 km和225 km,而东北稻作区产量、面积重心分别向北偏东方向迁移238 km和242 km;我国水稻生产主导因素中单产占比由56.3%下降至28.3%,面积由34.7%上升至63.1%。结果表明,全国各稻作区单产提升、东北早熟单季稻区面积增加、华中双单季稻区和华南双季稻区面积减少是我国水稻种植面积变化的主要特征。因此,合理布局我国水稻的种植面积和持续提高的水稻单产是稳定和提升我国水稻产量的主要措施,充分利用光热资源、提高机械化程度和比较效益是促进我国水稻生产发展的关键途径。王小慧 姜雨林 刘洋 卢捷 尹小刚 史磊刚 黄晶 褚庆全 陈阜 2018作物学报2018,44,11:28
3How Could Agricultural Land Systems Contribute to Raise Food Production Under Global Change?显示文摘To feed the increasing world population,more food needs to be produced from agricultural land systems.Solutions to produce more food with fewer resources while minimizing adverse environmental and ecological consequences require sustainable agricultural land use practices as supplementary to advanced biotechnology and agronomy.This review paper,from a land system perspective,systematically proposed and analyzed three interactive strategies that could possibly raise future food production under global change.By reviewing the current literatures,we suggest that cropland expansion is less possible amid fierce land competition,and it is likely to do less in increasing food production.Moreover,properly allocating crops in space and time is a practical way to ensure food production.Climate change,dietary shifts,and other socio-economic drivers,which would shape the demand and supply side of food systems,should be taken into consideration during the decision-making on rational land management in respect of sustainable crop choice and allocation.And finally,crop-specific agricultural intensification would play a bigger role in raising future food production either by increasing the yield per unit area of individual crops or by increasing the number of crops sown on a particular area of land.Yet,only when it is done sustainably is this a much more effective strategy to maximize food production by closing yield and harvest gaps.WU Wen-bin YU Qiang-yi Verburg H Peter YOU Liang-zhi YANG Peng TANG Hua-jun 2014Journal of Integrative Agriculture2014,13,7:19
41950—2015年中国棉花生产时空动态变化显示文摘基于1950—2015年中国棉花生产分布数据,综合运用时序变化趋势、空间分析等方法,分析中国棉花产量、面积及单产的时空分布特征和重心迁移轨迹,在此基础上量化面积和单产对棉花产量变化的贡献度。结果表明:①1950—2015年间,中国棉花产量和单产总体呈上升趋势,产量增加521.44万t,单产增加1381.83 kg/hm2,面积经历剧烈波动、平稳发展及3次起落5个时期后,与1950年基本持平;②棉花产量和面积区域性差距较大,但总体呈增加趋势,单产变化趋势稳定,其中西北内陆棉区棉花生产年际波动最大;③1950—2015年中国棉花种植区域中近87%的地区产量增加,约63%的地区棉花面积减少,70%以上地区棉花单产增加。三大棉区产量和单产增加,但增长速率不断减小,西北内陆棉区缩减幅度最小,亦是中国棉花面积增长的主力棉区;④中国棉花生产形成'东南—西北'的格局,主产区由黄河流域棉区转为西北内陆棉区;棉花产量和面积重心均向西北方向移动,总移动距离分别为1947 km、1398 km,2010—2015年移动速度最大,分别达到159 km/a、140 km/a;西北内陆棉区生产重心由和田迁至阿克苏,长江流域棉区由六安迁至黄冈,黄河流域棉区则由邯郸迁至聊城;⑤全国棉花产量贡献由单产主导逐渐转变为面积主导,从棉区来看,长江和黄河流域棉区亦由单产主导逐渐转变为面积主导,西北内陆棉区则一直为面积主导。马春玥 买买提·沙吾提 姚杰 古丽努尔·依沙克 2020地理学报2020,75,8:17
5基于农作制分区的1985—2015年中国小麦生产时空变化显示文摘利用1985—2015年间7个节点年份的全国分县小麦种植面积、总产量和单产数据,运用集中度指数、变化率等指标和重心迁移、单产面积贡献率分解方法,基于农作制分区,对过去30年我国小麦生产的时空变化进行分析。东北、西北干旱和华南农作区小麦种植面积明显减少,而黄淮海平原、长江中下游沿海平原农作区北部迅速增加;黄淮海平原农作区的海河低平原、黄淮平原和汾渭谷地亚区2015年集中度指数分别达到20.64%、25.77%和21.65%。各农作区的小麦平均单产持续提高,黄淮海平原和西北干旱农作区提升幅度最大,每年分别达到103.5kghm^-2和92.9kghm^-2。相较于1985年,2015年黄淮海平原农作区小麦总产量增加4.8×10^7t,长江中下游沿海平原农作区增加8.0×10^6t,东北农作区减少2.6×10^6t。在小麦总产增加区域,黄淮海平原农作区以单产主导型及单产与面积共同作用型为主;长江中下游沿海平原农作区以面积主导型及单产与面积共同作用型为主;小麦总产减少地区主要因为种植面积减少。从总产量贡献率变化趋势看,单产主导型地区减少,面积主导型地区增加,单产与面积共同作用型地区较稳定。中国小麦生产越来越向高产地区黄淮海平原农作区集中,海河低平原、黄淮平原和汾渭谷地亚区为小麦生产集中区域;小麦单产和种植面积增加共同增加了该区域小麦总产量增加,而长江中下游沿海平原农作区和新疆地区的小麦总产增加主要靠种植面积扩大。白冰 杨雨豪 王小慧 贾浩 吴尧 史磊刚 尹小刚 陈阜 2019作物学报2019,45,10:15
6南方水稻复种指数变化对国家粮食产能的影响及其政策启示(英文)显示文摘Changes in rice production in Southern China are crucial to national food security.This study employed Landsat images to map the distributions of paddy rice-cropping systems in Southern China in 1990 and 2015.The impact of rice multiple cropping index changes on grain production capacity was then evaluated.Three important results were obtained for the 1990 to 2015 study period.First,the multiple cropping index for rice decreased from 148.3% to 129.3%,and 253.16×10^4 ha of land area was converted from double-cropping to single- cropping rice,termed “double to single”.The area with the most dramatic changes is in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain.The rice-cropping system distribution in Southern China showed a change from north to south with double-cropping rice shrinking and single-cropping rice expanding.Second,the “double to single” conversion led to a reduction of 6.1% and 2.6% in rice and grain production,respectively.Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces,located in the main rice producing areas,and Zhejiang,which has shown better economic development,exhibited large reductions in rice production due to the “double to single” conversion,all exceeding 13%.Third,the grain production capacity of converted “double to single” paddy fields is equivalent to that of 223.3 × 10^4 ha of newly reclaimed cultivated land,which is 54% of the total newly cultivated land reclaimed through the 2001–2015 land consolidation project.It is also 1.7 times the target goal for newly cultivated land in the national land consolidation plan for 2016–2020.Making full use of the converted “double to single” paddy fields can save 167.44 billion yuan in newly reclaimed cultivated land costs.Therefore,instead of pursuing low-quality new arable land,it is better to make full use of the existing high-quality arable land.Based on these results,the government should change the assessment method for cultivated land balance,and incorporate the sown area increased by improving the multiple cropping index into the cultivated land compensation indicator.蒋敏 李秀彬 辛良杰 谈明洪 2019Journal of Geographical Sciences2019,29,11:14
7Spatio-temporal changes in rice area at the northern limits of the rice cropping system in China from 1984 to 2013显示文摘Rice area has been expanding rapidly during the past 30 years under the influence of global change in northeastern China,which is the northernmost region of rice cultivation in China. However,the spatio-temporal dynamic changes in rice area are still unclear,although they may have important policy implications for environmental protection and adaptation to climate change. In this study,we aimed to identify the dynamic changes of the rice area in Heilongjiang Province of northeastern China by extracting data from multiple Landsat images. The study used ground quadrats selected from Google Earth and the extraction of a confusion matrix to verify the accuracy of extraction. The overall accuracy of the extracted rice area was higher than 95% as a result of using the artificial neural network(ANN) classification method. The results showed that the rice area increased by approximately 2.4×106 ha during the past 30 years at an annual rate of 8.0×104 ha,and most of the increase occurred after 2000. The central latitude of the rice area shifted northwards from 46 to 47°N during the study period,and moved eastwards from 130 to 133°E. The rice expansion area accounted for 98% of the total change in rice area,and rice loss was notably rare. The rice expansion was primarily from dryland. In addition,rice cultivation in marshland and grassland played a minor role in the rice expansion in this region.LI Zhi-peng LONG Yu-qiao TANG Peng-qin TAN Jie-yang LI Zheng-guo WU Wen-bin HU Ya-nan YANG Peng 2017Journal of Integrative Agriculture2017,16,2:9
8Rice cultivation changes and its relationships with geographical factors in Heilongjiang Province,China显示文摘Rice planting patterns have changed dramatically over the past several decades in northeast China(NEC) due to the combined influence of global change and agricultural policy. Except for its great implications for environmental protection and climate change adaption,the spatio-temporal changes of rice cultivation in NEC are not clear. In this study,we conducted spatio-temporal analyses of NEC's major rice production region,Heilongjiang Province,by using satellite-derived rice cultivation maps. We found that the total cultivated area of rice in Heilongjiang Province increased largely from 1993 to 2011 and it expanded spatially to the northern and eastern part of the Sanjiang Plain. The results also showed that rice cultivation areas experienced a larger increase in the region managed by the Reclamation Management Bureau(RMB) than that managed by the local provincial government. Rice cultivation changes were closely related with those geographic factors over the investigated periods,represented by the geomorphic(slope),climatic(accumulated temperature),and hydrological(watershed) variables. These findings provide clear evidence that crop cultivation in NEC has been modified to better cope with the global change.LU Zhong-jun SONG Qian LIU Ke-bao WU Wen-bin LIU Yan-xia XIN Rui ZHANG Dong-mei 2017Journal of Integrative Agriculture2017,16,10:8
9前处理方法对原子荧光光谱法检测大米中总砷含量的影响显示文摘为探究不同前处理方法对原子荧光光谱法检测大米中总砷含量的影响,通过单因素实验优化得到湿法消解和干法消化的前处理条件,再从空白回收率、试剂成本和前处理耗时方面,综合比较两种方法。结果表明:实验所得湿法消解和干法灰化的最优条件下处理的质控大米中总砷的测定值与标准值最接近,且空白加标回收率符合要求。然而,湿法消解在精密度、处理时间和试剂成本上存在优势。本研究可为原子荧光光谱法检测大米中总砷含量提供参考。张玉超 程乐乐 韩娟 2021广州化工2021,49,4:6
10中国东北玉米空间分布对气候变化的响应,1980–2010(英文)显示文摘Based on county-level crop statistics and other ancillary information,spatial distribution of maize in the major maize-growing areas(latitudes 39°–48°N) was modelled for the period 1980–2010 by using a cross-entropy-based spatial allocation model.Maize extended as far north as the northern part of the Lesser Khingan Mountains during the period,and the area sown to maize increased by about 5 million ha.More than half of the increase occurred before 2000,and more than 80% of it in the climate transitional zone,where the annual accumulated temperature(AAT) was 2800–3400 °C·d.Regions with AAT of 3800–4000 °C·d became more important,accounting for more than 25% of the increase after 2000.The expansion of maize was thus closely related to warming,although some variation in the distribution was noticed across zones in relation to the warming,indicating that maize in northeast China may have adapted successfully to the warming by adjusting its spatial distribution to match the changed climate.李正国 谭杰扬 唐鹏钦 陈浩 张莉 刘晗 吴文斌 唐华俊 杨鹏 刘珍环 2016Journal of Geographical Sciences2016,26,1:3
11农业土地系统的耦合特征及其研究进展显示文摘【目的】农业土地系统是以土地为核心承载的农业系统,反映了人类与环境的多重作用、相互制约、动态交互过程,其呈现出显著的耦合特征。科学研究农业土地系统的耦合特征有助于科学理解和解释'人类—自然'复杂耦合关系,实现土地科学合理利用。【方法】文章系统总结了农业土地系统耦合性的科学内涵、基本特征,梳理了其研究的理论基础,尤其重点从研究对象、研究尺度和研究方法等方面系统分析了国内外研究进展,并对未来研究趋势进行了展望。【结果 /结论】总体来看,目前农业土地系统耦合特征研究处于起步阶段,该方法还未引起科学家的足够关注。该研究将有助于深入理解和解释'人—地'关系,发掘、探索实现农业土地系统可持续发展的潜在途径。谢安坤 周清波 吴文斌 余强毅 2018中国农业信息2018,30,1:3
12水稻栽培现状与高产栽培技术显示文摘我国是一个农业大国,水稻是我国重要的粮食作物之一。我国拥有悠久的水稻种植历史,但水稻种植技术的推广应用水平并不高,加强高产栽培技术的应用十分必要。本文简要分析我国水稻栽培现状,并总结高产优质水稻栽培技术,以供参考。阮朝荣 2020乡村科技2020,0,4:2
13RCP情景下中国一季稻热量资源变化动态显示文摘本文基于20个统计降尺度的高分辨率全球气候模式模拟数据,以平均气温、≥10℃积温和温度适宜度作为热量资源指数,分析了未来2种典型浓度路径情景下全国不同产区一季稻热量资源的变化特性,以期掌握未来水稻热量资源动态调整水稻生产。结果表明:一季稻主要生长季平均气温、≥10℃积温和温度适宜度地区间差异明显;RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下,不同地区平均气温、≥10℃积温呈现不同程度的增加,且RCP8.5情景下的增幅较RCP4.5更为明显。1986—2005年,四川盆地和长江中下游地区一季稻温度适宜度较其他地区高;RCP4.5情景下,东北、宁夏、西南地区南部和东南部温度适宜度呈增大趋势,RCP8.5情景下这种变化趋势更为显著,可见热量资源的变化将利于这些地区一季稻生长;而四川盆地和长江中下游地区温度适宜度呈减小趋势,主要归因于高温日数的显著增加,因而热量资源变化并不利于该两地的一季稻生长。未来不同地区热量资源的变化特征将有助于指导不同地区合理优化水稻生产,趋利避害以应对气候变化。张蕾 李森 郭安红 王纯枝 2020中国生态农业学报(中英文)2020,28,10:2
14新疆棉花生产时空格局演变特征分析显示文摘【目的】研究新疆棉花生产时空格局变化,分析棉花生产时空变化特征及其影响因素。【方法】选定新疆棉区为研究对象,基于1991~2020年新疆棉花生产的面板数据,以新疆区域及主要产棉市(县)为研究基本单元,采用时间序列与空间相结合,综合运用统计方法分析棉花种植面积、总产量、单产变化,研究新疆棉花生产的时空和区域特征以及各因素对新疆棉花生产的影响。【结果】(1)1990年以来新疆棉花种植面积和总产量年际变化相似,呈现2个阶段:波动中递增时期(1993~2010年),跳跃式增长时期(2010~2020年),期间北疆和南疆棉区持续增加而东疆棉区有所下降趋势,空间上呈现“东减南增北平稳”趋势。(2)近30年新疆棉花单产显著增加,由0.81×10^(3)kg/hm^(2)增加到2020年1.85×10^(3)kg/hm^(2),较同期增加近1.28倍,平均每年增产34.66 kg/hm^(2),增长速度较快。(3)全疆棉花总产量变化总体上以面积贡献为主,其次单位面积,互作主导为最低,新疆棉花的生产优势产域为南疆。【结论】30年来新疆棉花种植面积持续增加,生产集中程度不断增大,优势产区趋于稳定,单产逐步提升;棉花生产重心呈现出由喀什地区向阿克苏地区转移。张泓 吐尔逊江·买买提 张少民 张军高 周小云 2023新疆农业科学2023,60,3:1
15长期弃耕降低红壤稻田土壤磷库显示文摘【目的】施用磷肥会显著提升土壤磷的活性,弃耕不仅导致土地资源浪费还会带来环境风险。探讨弃耕后稻田土壤全磷、各磷素组分的变化规律及趋势,为弃耕土壤管理提供理论依据。【方法】红壤稻田弃耕长期定位试验于2007—2014年在湖南桃源进行,弃耕前(1991—2006年)为双季稻定位试验,包括不施肥对照(CK)、施氮钾(NK)和氮磷钾(NPK)化肥3个处理。分析了弃耕前后(2006和2014年)土壤全磷、速效磷(Olsen-P)、微生物生物量磷(MBP)及各个磷组分(Hedley法)含量。【结果】弃耕8年后,土壤全磷较弃耕初期下降了19.3~160.8 mg/kg,Olsen-P下降了0.7~14.1 mg/kg,下降幅度分别为5.4%~23.4%和11.0%~45.4%,其中NPK处理的全磷和Olsen-P分别显著下降了23.4%和45.4%(P<0.05)。Hedley-P分级结果表明,弃耕前、后稻田土壤各磷组分的含量高低均为Residual-P>NaOH-P_(o)>NaOH-P_(i)>Sonic-P_(i)>NaHCO_(3)-P_(o)>HCl-P>Sonic-P_(o)>NaHCO_(3)-P_(i)>Resin-P。除Resin-P和Sonic-P_(o)外,NPK处理土壤的其它磷组分含量均显著高于CK和NK处理(P<0.05),而NK和CK处理间多数磷组分含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。从磷组分的活性来看,稳定态磷含量(Residual-P)弃耕后基本不变;活性磷(Resin-P、NaHCO_(3)-P_(i)和NaHCO_(3)-P_(o))、中活性磷(NaOH-P_(i)、NaOH-P_(o)、Sonic-P_(i)、Sonic-P_(o))和低活性磷(HCl-P)含量在弃耕后都呈下降趋势,下降幅度最大的是中活性磷,含量下降了10.0~100.8 mg/kg,贡献了磷下降总量的51.7%~78.6%;其次为活性磷,下降了2.8~29.1 mg/kg,贡献了磷下降总量的14.5%~18.1%。中活性磷含量的下降主要源于无机态磷(NaOH-P_(i)和Sonic-P_(i))的显著降低,而只有NPK处理的有机态磷(NaOH-P_(o)和Sonic-P_(o))下降达到显著水平(P<0.05)。MBP含量较为稳定,维持在15.1~16.7 mg/kg,CK和NK处理的土壤MBP是Olsen-P的3倍左右。弃耕后杂草固持磷量为21.3~48.3 kg/hm^(2),分别能解释CK、NK处理土壤磷库损失的40.6%和54.9%,但仅能解释NPK处理土壤磷库损失的14.9%。【结论】弃耕降低稻田土壤磷库,与低磷背景土壤相比,高磷背景土壤(NPK处理)对弃耕更为敏感,弃耕后土壤全磷、Olsen-P和各活性组分都有显著降低(P<0.05);中活性磷含量的降低对磷库损失的贡献率最高,达64.3%,而中活性磷的下降主要源于其无机态磷组分的降低。弃耕后杂草带走的磷素对磷库损失的解释度较低,微生物固定磷却不受弃耕的影响。因此,提高土壤有机质含量是维持弃耕土壤磷库稳定的有效途径。龚梦瑶 李巧云 陈安磊 葛体达 李宇虹 秦红灵 马国辉 2022植物营养与肥料学报2022,28,8:0
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