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| 1 | 东北漫川漫岗和山地丘陵黑土区侵蚀沟形态特征遥感分析显示文摘侵蚀沟形态特征反映其侵蚀发生发展的环境条件,探究侵蚀沟形态参数特征及空间分异规律对深入理解侵蚀沟的侵蚀进程具有重要意义。该文选择漫川漫岗和山地丘陵2个典型黑土地貌类型区,基于高分遥感影像(QuickBird(0.61m)、GeoEye-1(0.5m)及Worldview 2(0.5m))和地形数据(ASTGTM2(30m分辨率)),采用目视解译法提取计算侵蚀沟沟长、沟宽、周长和面积等形态参数值,分析侵蚀沟形态特征;探究地形因子影响下侵蚀沟形态参数的分异规律。研究结果显示:1)2个典型区的各形态参数间存在显著性差异,漫川漫岗区侵蚀沟各形态参数均大于山地丘陵区;2)侵蚀沟形态呈现“细长状”,和漫川漫岗区相比,山地丘陵区侵蚀沟更细长,沟缘位置更复杂;3)侵蚀沟形态参数随坡度的增加总体上呈先增大后减小的趋势,在3°~6°范围内参数值达到最大,坡度越小侵蚀沟沟缘位置越复杂;坡向上,漫川漫岗区和山地丘陵区的侵蚀沟的形态参数值在SE或SW上值最大,说明阳坡或半阳坡侵蚀沟发育强烈。该研究结果对于侵蚀沟易发区确定及防治具有重要意义。 | 李镇 秦伟 齐志国 尚国琲 马庆涛 郭乾坤 殷哲 | 2019 | 农业工程学报2019，35，14： | 17 |
| 2 | Gully Erosion Regionalization of Black Soil Area in Northeastern China显示文摘Gully erosion is the frequent and main form of soil erosion in the black soil area of the northeastern China, which is one of the most important commodity grain production bases in China. It is encroaching upon the fertile farmland there. Regionalization of gully erosion can reveal the spatial distribution and regularity of the development of gully erosion. Based on the eco-geographical regional background features of the black soil area, this study combined the regionalization with influencing factors of the development of gully erosion. GIS spatial analysis, geostatistical analysis, spatial statistics, reclassification, debris polygon processing and map algebra methods were employed. As a result, the black soil area was divided into 12 subregions. The field survey data on type, length, volume and other characteristics indicators of gully erosion were used to calibrate the results. Then the features of every subregion, such as where the gully erosion is, how serious it is, and why it happens and develops, were expounded. The result is not only an essential prerequisite for gully erosion surveys and monitoring, but also an important basis for gully erosion prevention. | YANG Jiuchun ZHANG Shuwen CHANG Liping LI Fei LI Tianqi GAO Yan | 2017 | Chinese Geographical Science2017，27，1： | 13 |
| 3 | An Object-based Approach for Two-level Gully Feature Mapping Using High-resolution DEM and Imagery: A Case Study on Hilly Loess Plateau Region, China显示文摘Gully feature mapping is an indispensable prerequisite for the motioning and control of gully erosion which is a widespread natural hazard. The increasing availability of high-resolution Digital Elevation Model(DEM) and remote sensing imagery, combined with developed object-based methods enables automatic gully feature mapping. But still few studies have specifically focused on gully feature mapping on different scales. In this study, an object-based approach to two-level gully feature mapping, including gully-affected areas and bank gullies, was developed and tested on 1-m DEM and Worldview-3 imagery of a catchment in the Chinese Loess Plateau. The methodology includes a sequence of data preparation, image segmentation, metric calculation, and random forest based classification. The results of the two-level mapping were based on a random forest model after investigating the effects of feature selection and class-imbalance problem. Results show that the segmentation strategy adopted in this paper which considers the topographic information and optimal parameter combination can improve the segmentation results. The distribution of the gully-affected area is closely related to topographic information, however, the spectral features are more dominant for bank gully mapping. The highest overall accuracy of the gully-affected area mapping was 93.06% with four topographic features. The highest overall accuracy of bank gully mapping is 78.5% when all features are adopted. The proposed approach is a creditable option for hierarchical mapping of gully feature information, which is suitable for the application in hily Loess Plateau region. | LIU Kai DING Hu TANG Guoan ZHU A-Xing YANG Xin JIANG Sheng CAO Jianjun | 2017 | Chinese Geographical Science2017，27，3： | 11 |
| 4 | 东北黑土区沟道侵蚀现状及其防治对策显示文摘沟道侵蚀是土地退化最严重的表现形式,东北黑土区是中国除黄土高原外沟道侵蚀最为严重的区域,沟道侵蚀严重威胁东北区域农业生产和生态环境。该研究基于多年的研究积累,结合国家侵蚀沟治理专项调查和国家重点研发计划项目研究成果以及已有文献,系统总结归纳了东北黑土区沟道侵蚀特征、发展演变趋势及其危害;梳理出现有侵蚀沟治理措施的成功经验及失败教训,凝练提出区域侵蚀沟防治目标及4种主要侵蚀沟治理模式,并给出了适用范围及条件;同时提出了新时代东北黑土区侵蚀沟防治对策建议。该研究为区域现代农业发展和生态文明建设决策以及沟道侵蚀治理工程的实施提供了科技支撑。 | 张兴义 刘晓冰 | 2021 | 农业工程学报2021，37，3： | 11 |
| 5 | 东北低山丘陵典型区侵蚀沟分布特征及其地形影响研究显示文摘东北低山丘陵区是重要的粮食主产区和商品粮基地,高强度的农业垦殖造成了严重的水土流失,侵蚀沟危害日益加剧。选择东辽河上游106.5 km^(2)的区域为研究区,基于分辨率2 m的遥感影像,在GIS人工预判读侵蚀沟的基础上,野外实地验证并测量了研究区内长度≥50 m、且深度≥0.5 m的侵蚀沟的几何参数与经纬度;基于DEM获取了侵蚀沟所在坡面的坡度、坡向和高程等空间信息;分析了研究区侵蚀沟的基本特征与时空演化趋势,探讨了坡度和坡向对侵蚀沟发育的影响。结果表明:(1)目前研究区已形成侵蚀沟322条,分布密度为3.0条/km^(2),沟壑密度为0.8 km/km^(2),割裂度为1.4%,侵蚀沟发展速度快,沟蚀强度已达强烈程度,应引起足够重视。(2)侵蚀沟主要分布在6°~9°的坡耕地上,坡度对沟蚀的影响明显,坡耕地高强度垦殖是沟蚀加剧的主要驱动力;(3)阳坡(S、E)上侵蚀沟分布相对较多,而阴坡(N)上侵蚀沟分布最少,坡向对沟蚀也有一定影响。研究成果为认识东北低山丘陵区侵蚀沟发生与演化提供了科学数据。 | 焦鹏 阎百兴 欧洋 李明堂 任明 温磊磊 崔虎 田莉萍 程磊 刘惠平 | 2022 | 地理科学2022，42，10： | 5 |
| 6 | 黄土侵蚀沟稳定性监测与初步分析显示文摘黄土侵蚀沟是黄土高原地貌的重要组成部分,是黄土高原侵蚀泥沙的主要来源。对侵蚀沟的稳定性进行监测与分析,对于黄土高原土壤侵蚀及地貌学研究意义重大。该文探讨了黄土侵蚀沟稳定性研究的主要内容与技术手段,并通过对黄土高原6个典型小流域的18条支毛沟进行的两期观测,对侵蚀沟动态监测的技术方法与分析手段进行了初步尝试。监测结果表明,尽管目前黄土高原的植被恢复良好,水土保持工程措施较为完备,但在有利于侵蚀发生的条件下,仍会有侵蚀沟继续发育。根据对监测实验结果的分析,初步认为降水、植被与水保措施、地形因素是侵蚀沟发育的主要影响因素。而黄土侵蚀沟的变化机理是侵蚀沟稳定性研究的关键问题,提高侵蚀沟动态监测精度是稳定性研究的基本保障。 | 王雷 龙永清 徐佳 庞国伟 王春梅 | 2017 | 地理与地理信息科学2017，33，4： | 3 |
| 7 | 东北黑土区不同季节侵蚀沟形态发育比较分析显示文摘侵蚀沟形态特征是了解沟蚀发生、发育的关键性因素,探究不同季节侵蚀沟形态参数变化特征对深入理解侵蚀沟的侵蚀过程和侵蚀沟的治理工作具有重要意义。选取黑龙江省海伦市光荣小流域内的3条侵蚀沟为研究对象,探究季节变化下侵蚀沟长度、面积、体积等形态参数值的差异。结果表明:(1)不同季节侵蚀沟横断面形态由沟头到沟尾均呈现出由“V”形向“U”形转变;(2)侵蚀沟在降雨期由沟头前进和沟尾后退所引起的长度增加量大于融雪期由沟头前进所引起的长度增加量;(3)侵蚀沟面积在降雨期的增加量大于融雪期,但不同时期侵蚀沟面积变化位置不同,降雨期侵蚀沟面积增加主要是由长度变化和沟头周围发生大规模崩塌引起的,而融雪期则是由长度变化和沟岸扩张引起侵蚀沟面积增加;(4)侵蚀沟体积在降雨期变化量大于融雪期,这与侵蚀沟长度、面积和径流的剪切能力有关,降雨径流的下切侵蚀能力大于融雪径流。研究结果可为侵蚀沟防治提供理论依据。 | 宋爽 范昊明 牛天一 | 2022 | 水土保持学报2022，36，1： | 2 |
| 8 | 填埋复垦侵蚀沟的导排水功能和秸秆腐解速率显示文摘秸秆填埋复垦技术主要用于修复东北地区耕地中的侵蚀沟,研究复垦后原沟道的导排水能力以及秸秆的腐解速率,旨在为沟毁耕地修复提供科学依据。该研究在黑龙江省海伦市光荣村选取一条复垦后的侵蚀沟为试验区,对土壤入渗能力、渗井入渗能力、秸秆层的持水能力、复垦后的土体排水能力系统测定分析,评价复垦后的导排水能力;对填埋不同年限的秸秆取样分析,评价秸秆腐解速率。结果表明:1)复垦后原沟道位秸秆层储水量为463 kg/m^(3),雨季产生径流能够完全被秸秆层储存,复垦后耕地能承受44~80 mm/h的均匀降雨,95%的地表汇流转为地下径流,大大减少径流对地表的冲刷,实现了变地表径流为地下导排水,复垦后未二次冲刷成沟。2)秸秆捆的厚度平均每年下降1.4 cm,秸秆层下降部分可被春季翻耕以及雨季汇流带来的泥沙沉积填充,复垦后原沟道位未出现塌陷。3)经过20 a的填埋,秸秆不同组分的腐解速率不同,其中半纤维素与纤维素腐解较快,木质素几乎不发生腐解,其占比由26.8%上升至38.8%。填埋的秸秆长期处于厌氧环境,且被水浸泡,加之约半年处于冻结状态故腐解缓慢。秸秆填埋侵蚀沟,可以修复沟毁耕地,实现复垦和地块的完整,可广泛用于东北黑土区约20万条耕地中侵蚀沟的修复。 | 祁志 韩兴 丁超 胡伟 张兴义 | 2020 | 农业工程学报2020，36，23： | 2 |
| 9 | High Resolution Land Cover Datasets Integration and Application Based on Landsat and GlobCover Data from 1975 to 2010 in Siberia显示文摘Land cover is recognized as one of the fundamental terrestrial datasets required in land system change and other ecosystem related researches across the globe. The regional differentiation and spatial-temporal variation of land cover has significant impact on regional natural environment and socio-economic sustainable development. Under this context, we reconstructed the history land cover data in Siberia to provide a comparable datasets to the land cover datasets in China and abroad. In this paper, the European Space Agency(ESA) Global Land Cover Map(GlobCover), Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper(ETM), Multispectral Scanner(MSS) images, Google Earth images and other additional data were used to produce the land cover datasets in 1975 and 2010 in Siberia. Data evaluation show that the total user′s accuracy of land cover data in 2010 was 86.96%, which was higher than ESA GlobCover data in Siberia. The analysis on the land cover changes found that there were no big land cover changes in Siberia from 1975 to 2010 with only a few conversions between different natural forest types. The mainly changes are the conversion from deciduous needleleaf forest to deciduous broadleaf forest, deciduous needleleaf forest to mixed forest, savannas to deciduous needleleaf forest etc., indicating that the dominant driving factor of land cover changes in Siberia was natural element rather than human activities at some extent, which was very different from China. However, our purpose was not just to produce the land cover datasets at two time period or explore the driving factors of land cover changes in Siberia, we also paid attention on the significance and application of the datasets in various fields such as global climate change, geopolitics, cross-border cooperation and so on. | LIU Tingxiang ZHANG Shuwen XU Xinliang BU Kun NING Jia CHANG Liping | 2016 | Chinese Geographical Science2016，26，4： | 0 |
| 10 | 复合指纹法解析典型黑土小流域侵蚀泥沙来源显示文摘以海伦市光荣村小流域为研究对象,分析流域内6个潜在泥沙来源地和沉积区的25个地球化学特征,利用Kruskal-Wallis H检验和逐步判别分析确定最佳的指纹因子组合,通过多元混合模型计算各泥沙源地的相对贡献率.结果表明:共有11种因子(Mg、Ti、Cr、Fe、Cu、As、Mo、Tl、P、C、K)被确认为最佳指纹因子组合,判别率达到75%,拟合优度均大于0.80.各泥沙源地对沉积区0~20cm土层泥沙贡献率依次为:朝北坡向靠近林地的耕地(53.11%)>朝北坡向靠近道路的耕地(25.00%)>开垦时间早的耕地(11.91%)>靠近流域出口的耕地(6.57%)>林地(3.41%)>朝南坡向耕地(0%).沉积区0~30cm不同土层泥沙主要来源于流域朝北坡向耕地,而在林地北侧耕地的泥沙贡献率最小.流域内不同的土地利用方式对泥沙贡献率的影响比地形因子更大,然而在同样的土地利用方式下主要受地形因子的影响.早期人类垦殖、修路等活动对沉积区深层泥沙贡献率影响较大,而后期耕地活动对沉积区表层泥沙贡献率影响较大.基于地球化学特征因子的复合指纹识别技术能够有效判别典型黑土小流域泥沙来源. | 徐微涛 张少良 赵广印 汪浩 张成博 庄亚茹 闫鹏科 李传宝 李威 张兴义 | 2023 | 中国环境科学2023，43，11： | 0 |
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