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| 1 | 中国典型城市群PM2.5污染特征研究进展显示文摘为进一步梳理近年来我国城市区域大气PM2.5污染防治方面的研究成果,基于我国31个城市PM2.5污染现状,以城市群为视角,总结了京津冀城市群、长三角城市群与川渝城市群PM2.5组成与污染特征,分析了PM2.5及其含碳气溶胶、水溶性无机离子、地壳元素等的整体特征,并在城市群间进行对比分析.结果表明:①3个城市群的ρ(PM2.5)高低顺序依次为京津冀城市群>川渝城市群>长三角城市群,长距离传输使PM2.5污染成为京津冀城市群、长三角城市群与川渝城市群面临的共同问题.②3个城市群的PM2.5中均以SNA和OC为主,尽管ρ(PM2.5)水平有下降趋势,但个别污染物(如SNA)略呈上升趋势.③京津冀城市群与川渝城市群的ρ(OC)接近,并且均高于长三角城市群的80%,较高的ρ(OC)/ρ(EC)反映我国城市群普遍存在SOC污染.④各城市群PM2.5监测网(如监测时间和采样方法)发展水平迥异,城市群之间的相互影响和传输机制尚不清楚.建议今后的研究向以下几个方面扩展:①对城郊乡村等大气背景点,以及水库、湖泊等地化循环的重要源汇区域开展研究.②针对同一区域开展采样时段更长且研究方法和分析手段上保持一致的研究.③借用国外经验公式时需考虑我国国情,对基础研究方法开展一系列优化,建立符合我国国情的标准化研究方法. | 刘晟东 史君楠 程勇 卢培利 冯婷 王锋文 张培玉 | 2020 | 环境科学研究2020，33，2： | 26 |
| 2 | 菏泽市PM_(2.5)碳组分季节变化特征显示文摘于2015年8月到2016年4月在菏泽市城区采集PM_(2.5)颗粒,利用热/光碳分析仪测定了颗粒物中8种碳组分,获得了有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的质量浓度,分析了OC与EC的比值、相关性,使用OC/EC比值法估算了二次有机碳(SOC)的浓度,并使用主成分分析法研究8种碳组分含量.结果表明,(1)PM_(2.5)中OC、EC的年质量浓度变化范围分别为1.2~60.6μg·m^(-3)、0.6~24.8μg·m^(-3),OC/PM_(2.5)、EC/PM_(2.5)的季节分布特征相似:冬季>春季>秋季>夏季;(2)OC/EC的年平均值为2.6±1.0,春夏秋冬OC、EC的相关系数分别为0.91、0.56、0.86、0.75,估算的SOC年平均浓度为(4.7±5.0)μg·m^(-3);(3)不同季节8种碳组分质量分数均为EC1最高,EC3最低.主成分分析结果显示,春秋冬这3个季节碳组分的主要来源为燃煤、机动车和生物质燃烧. | 刘泽珺 吴建会 张裕芬 梁丹妮 马咸 刘保双 冯银厂 张勤勋 | 2017 | 环境科学2017，38，12： | 21 |
| 3 | Effects of relative humidity and PM2.5 chemical compositions on visibility impairment in Chengdu, China显示文摘To better understand the potential causes of visibility impairment in autumn and winter in Chengdu,relative humidity(RH),visibility,the concentrations of PM2.5 and its chemical components were on-line measured continuously in Chengdu from Nov.2016 to Jan.2017.Six obvious haze episodes occurred in Chengdu,with the total time of haze episodes accounted for more than 90%of the total observation period,and higher NO2 concentrations and RH were related to the high particle concentrations in haze episodes.The visibility decreased in a non-linear tendency under different RH conditions with the increase of PM2.5 concentrations,which was more sensitive to RH under lower PM2.5 concentrations.The threshold concentration of PM2.5 got more smaller with the increase of RH.During the entire observation period,organic matter(OM)was the largest contributor(31.12%to extinction coefficient(bext)),followed by NH4NO3 and(NH4)2SO4 with 28.03%and 23.01%,respectively.However,with the visibility impairment from Type I(visibility>10 km)to Type IV(visibility≤2 km),the contribution of OM to bextdecreased from 38.12%to 26.77%,while the contribution of NH4NO3 and(NH4)2SO4 to bextincreased from 19.09%and 20.20%to 34.29%and 24.35%,respectively,and NH4NO3 became the largest contributor to bextat Type IV.The results showed that OM and NH4NO3 were the key components of PM2.5 for visibility impairment in Chengdu,indicating that the control of precursors emissions of carbonaceous species and NH4NO3 could effectively improve the visibility in Chengdu. | Fan Liu Qinwen Tan Xia Jiang Fumo Yang Wenju Jiang | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，12： | 21 |
| 4 | 高分子抑尘剂对褐煤矿场细颗粒物的抑制特性显示文摘为减少褐煤矿场中无组织排放的细颗粒物进入大气,避免其对人体健康、生产安全和大气环境造成严重危害,选取聚丙烯酸乳液、瓜尔豆胶、聚丙烯酰胺和羧甲基纤维素钠4种高分子单体,通过结壳硬度衰减实验筛选得到性能优良的单体瓜尔豆胶。以表面张力和接触角实验比较吐温-20、曲拉通X-100、十二烷基硫酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠4种表面活性剂溶液对褐煤颗粒的润湿性能,实验发现非离子表面活性剂曲拉通X-100对褐煤粉尘的润湿性能最优。将高分子单体瓜尔豆胶复配以表面活性剂曲拉通X-100,开发得到一种褐煤矿场专用的结壳型抑尘剂。通过抗风蚀性能实验,考察不同单体浓度、不同风速条件对固化层风蚀后颗粒物数量浓度和粒度分布的影响,优选出最佳抑尘剂配方为质量分数0. 7%的瓜尔豆胶和0. 1%的曲拉通X-100。该抑尘剂可使煤堆表面固化形成具有一定厚度和强度的防护层,10 d后固化层硬度仍可达61. 43,能抵抗15 m/s风速侵蚀而不受影响,足以应对北方大风天气。细颗粒物数量浓度降低至3. 69×105cm-3,颗粒物数量浓度峰值出现在0. 85μm左右,低粒径段颗粒物抑制效率总体由30. 1%提高至94. 4%,粒径0. 1μm左右的细颗粒物抑制效率增幅达到64%。实验结果表明,该抑尘剂对细颗粒物的抑制效果明显,是适合褐煤矿场专用的原材料易得、环保高效的抑尘剂。 | 杨树莹 周磊 杨林军 杨超 | 2019 | 煤炭学报2019，44，2： | 17 |
| 5 | 上海城区二次气溶胶的形成:光化学氧化与液相反应对二次气溶胶形成的影响显示文摘二次组分是大气细颗粒物中最重要的组成部分之一.本研究旨在探究上海城区大气气溶胶颗粒物中二次组分的贡献及其形成的主要影响因素.利用高分辨率飞行时间气溶胶质谱仪(HR-TOF-AMS)对上海城区春季及夏季的亚微米颗粒物(PM_1)进行实时的在线表征,发现有机物是PM_1中最主要的组成部分,占比为55%;其次是硫酸盐(24%)与硝酸盐(10%).进一步结合正交矩阵因子解析模型(PMF)对有机组分进行了来源解析.结果表明,一次有机气溶胶(POA)与二次有机气溶胶(SOA)分别占总有机物浓度的34%与66%; POA主要来自机动车源与餐饮源的贡献,且在春季和夏季对有机物的贡献趋于稳定.观测期间共观察到3个二次气溶胶显著生成的过程:其中,春季二次组分的显著增长过程以硫酸盐和老化的有机气溶胶在正午时段上升显著为主要特征,主要受光化学氧化过程的促进;夏季二次组分的显著生成过程主要是液相反应与光化学氧化共同促进的结果,如液相反应过程中,硝酸盐浓度与颗粒相水含量有较好的相关性(R^2=0. 72),而光化学氧化期间SOA浓度与大气氧化性(O_x)有较好的相关性.总体而言,二次组分是上海城市大气气溶胶颗粒物中最重要的组成部分,二次有机与无机组分在PM_1颗粒物中占比分别为35. 5%和43%,光化学氧化与液相反应对二次组分的形成有显著的促进作用. | 高杰 乔利平 楼晟荣 严茹莎 周敏 刘瑜存 冯加良 黄丹丹 | 2019 | 环境科学2019，40，6： | 16 |
| 6 | 关中地区背景点位环境空气PM_(2.5)来源解析与多模型结果对比显示文摘为研究关中地区远郊背景点位大气PM_(2.5)污染来源,于2014年12月—2015年10月在西安市区西南方向约34 km的背景点位(农村区域,108°44'13″E、34°00'53″N)开展样品采集,共获得218个有效样品,对29种化学组分进行了分析,并运用ME2和PMF模型进行同步解析、相互验证.结果表明:ME2和PMF模型各解析出5类因子,分别为二次无机盐、机动车尾气排放、生物质燃烧、煤烟尘和土壤尘.其中,二次无机盐分担率为42.23%~42.74%,是首要贡献源类,机动车尾气排放(22.40%~24.53%)、煤烟尘(14.57%~14.73%)、生物质燃烧(11.88%~13.42%)是另外3种主要贡献源,而土壤尘(6.28%~7.22%)分担率相对较小.2种模型同步解析大气颗粒物来源对比表明,ME2和PMF模型同步解析结果一致,各源类的日贡献浓度均呈正相关,其中二次无机盐、机动车尾气排放、土壤尘的相关性较强,R2在0.876~0.960之间,表明解析结果可信. | 杨佳美 戴启立 刘保双 毕晓辉 宋文斌 吴建会 冯银厂 | 2017 | 环境科学研究2017，30，2： | 11 |
| 7 | 轻型汽油车尾气OC和EC排放因子实测研究显示文摘选取27辆国3~国5轻型汽油车采用实验室底盘测功机和全流稀释定容采样系统(CVS)开展了尾气颗粒物中有机碳(OC)和无机碳(EC)组分的排放因子实测,分析了启动条件、行驶工况和喷油方式对轻型汽油车OC和EC排放的影响.结果表明,国3~国5轻型汽油车OC平均排放因子分别为(2.09±1.03)、(1.59±0.78)和(0.75±0.31)mg·km-1,EC平均排放因子分别为(1.98±1.42)、(1.57±1.80)和(0.65±0.49)mg·km-1,二者均随排放标准的提升呈显著下降趋势,OC/EC值分别为1.54±0.92、1.53±0.91以及1.47±0.66.OC1、OC2以及EC1和EC2是轻型汽油车排放的最主要碳质组分,分别占15.0%、20.6%、22.2%和21.7%.冷启动条件下轻型汽油车OC和EC排放约为热启动的1.4和1.8倍;高速工况下轻型汽油车OC和EC排放因子约为城区工况的2倍和4倍;缸内直喷(GDI)发动机的OC排放因子与进气道喷射(PFI)发动机接近,但EC排放因子约是后者的1.7倍,随着我国轻型汽油车中GDI发动机日渐普及,其EC排放应当引起密切关注. | 黄成 胡磬遥 鲁君 | 2018 | 环境科学2018，39，7： | 8 |
| 8 | Source apportionment of PM_(2.5)light extinction in an urban atmosphere in China显示文摘Haze in China is primarily caused by high pollution of atmospheric fine particulates(PM2.5).However, the detailed source structures of PM2.5 light extinction have not been well established, especially for the roles of various organic aerosols, which makes haze management lack specified targets. This study obtained the mass concentrations of the chemical compositions and the light extinction coefficients of fine particles in the winter in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, using high time resolution aerosol observation instruments. We combined the positive matrix factor(PMF) analysis model of organic aerosols and the multiple linear regression method to establish a quantitative relationship model between the main chemical components, in particular the different sources of organic aerosols and the extinction coefficients of fine particles with a high goodness of fit(R^2= 0.953). The results show that the contribution rates of ammonium sulphate,ammonium nitrate, biomass burning organic aerosol(BBOA), secondary organic aerosol(SOA) and black carbon(BC) were 48.1%, 20.7%, 15.0%, 10.6%, and 5.6%, respectively. It can be seen that the contribution of the secondary aerosols is much higher than that of the primary aerosols(79.4% versus 20.6%) and are a major factor in the visibility decline. BBOA is found to have a high visibility destroying potential, with a high mass extinction coefficient, and was the largest contributor during some high pollution periods. A more detailed analysis indicates that the contribution of the enhanced absorption caused by BC mixing state was approximately 37.7% of the total particle absorption and should not be neglected. | Zijuan Lan Bin Zhang Xiaofeng Huang Qiao Zhu Jinfeng Yuan Liwu Zeng Min Hu Lingyan He | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，1： | 7 |
| 9 | Characteristics of size distributions and sources of water-soluble ions in Lhasa during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons显示文摘To understand the physical and chemical characteristics, particle size distribution and sources of size-separated aerosols in Lhasa, which is located on the Tibetan Plateau(TP), six sizes of aerosol samples were collected in Lhasa in 2014. Ca^(2+), NH_4^+, NO_3^-,SO_4^(2-)and Cl-were the dominant ions. The ratio of cation equivalents(CE) to anion equivalents(AE) for each particle size segment indicated that the atmospheric aerosols in Lhasa were alkaline. SO_4^(2-)and NO_3^-could be neutralized by Ca^(2+), but could not be neutralized by NH_4^+, according to the [NH_4^+]/[NO_3^-+ SO_4^(2-)] and [Ca^(2+)]/[NO_3^-+ SO_4^(2-)] ratios. Mobile sources were dominant in PM_(0.95-1.5),PM_(1.5-3) and PM_(3-7.2), while stationary sources were dominant in the other three size fractions according to the [NO_3^-]/[SO_4^(2-)] ratios. The particle size distribution of all watersoluble ions during monsoon and non-monsoon periods was characterized by a bimodal distribution due to the different sources and formation mechanisms, and it was revealed that different ions had different sources in different seasons and different particle size segments by combining particle size distribution with correlation analysis. Source analysis of aerosols in Lhasa was performed using the Principal component analysis(PCA) for the first time, which revealed that combustion sources, motor vehicle exhaust, photochemical reaction sources and various types of dust were the main sources of Lhasa aerosols.Furthermore, Lhasa's air quality was also affected by long-distance transmission, expressed as pollutants from South Asia and West Asia, which were transmitted to Lhasa according to backward trajectory analysis. | Nannan Wei Zhiyou Xu Junwen Liu Guanghua Wang Wei Liu Deqing Zhuoga Detao Xiao Jian Yao | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，8： | 7 |
| 10 | 承德市PM_(2.5)中碳质组分的季节分布特征及来源解析显示文摘为研究承德市PM_(2.5)中碳质组分的季节变化及污染来源,于2019年1、4、7和10月采集大气PM_(2.5)样品,测定碳质组分浓度.通过有机碳(OC)与元素碳(EC)比值、总碳质气溶胶(TCA)及二次有机碳(SOC)的估算,分析碳质组分的变化特征;结合后向轨迹和主成分分析(PCA)方法,分析污染来源.结果表明,采样期间PM_(2.5)、OC和EC的平均质量浓度分别为(31.26±21.39)、(13.27±8.68)和(2.80±1.95)μg·m^(-3).PM_(2.5)的季节变化趋势为:冬季[(47.68±30.37)μg·m^(-3)]>秋季[(28.72±17.12)μg·m^(-3)]>春季[(26.59±15.32)μg·m-3]>夏季[(23.17±8.38)μg·m^(-3)],与总碳(TC)、OC和EC季节变化趋势一致,冬季(R2=0.85)的OC与EC来源较一致;OC/EC值得出4个季节均受到交通和燃煤源排放的影响,且冬季受烟煤排放影响显著.TCA的平均浓度为(21.38±13.68)μg·m^(-3),占PM_(2.5)比例达68.39%,二次转化率(SOC/OC)为:春季(54.09%)>秋季(37.64%)>夏季(32.91%)>冬季(25.43%).后向轨迹模拟结果表明,春季和夏季气团携带的污染物浓度相对较低,秋季污染物的传输通道为西南方向,冬季为西北方向,主成分分析(PCA)表明,承德市PM_(2.5)削减的关键是控制机动车尾气、燃煤和生物质燃烧源的排放. | 贺博文 聂赛赛 王帅 冯亚平 姚波 崔建升 | 2021 | 环境科学2021，42，11： | 7 |
| 11 | 拉萨市大气颗粒物碳组分污染特征及来源分析显示文摘2015年8月至2016年3月,在拉萨市城区八廓街(BKJ)、区辐射站(FSZ)、区环保厅(HBT)、市环保局(HBJ)4个监测点以及纳木错背景点采集PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)样品。利用热光碳分析仪对样品中的有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)组分进行测定。结果显示拉萨市PM_(10)中OC和EC的浓度分别为14.0±4.5μg/m^3和6.3±2.8μg/m^3;PM_(2.5)中OC和EC的浓度分别为10.2±3.6μg/m^3和5.1±2.4μg/m^3,夏季碳组分浓度最低。OC3、EC1、OC2、OC4在碳组分的含量超过了80%,EC2在各测点中变化较大。因子分析显示BKJ点位机动车尾气(汽油车和轻型柴油车)和餐饮油烟是碳组分的主要来源,生物质燃烧(煨桑)是该点碳组分第二大来源。FSZ点机动车对碳组分的贡献较大,重型柴油以及施工机械等重型车辆的排放对碳组分也有较大的贡献。HBJ点位碳组分的主要贡献与机动车尾气和餐饮油烟的排放有关。HBT点位除了机动车尾气、餐饮油烟的排放外,生物质燃烧(牛粪燃烧)也是其碳组分的主要来源之一。 | 张丹 楚宝临 赵丽 夏鹏超 姚雅伟 王秀琴 谢耕 赵矿 | 2018 | 环境影响评价2018，40，3： | 6 |
| 12 | 长三角地区大气污染演变趋势及空间分异特征显示文摘基于2005-2015年环境空气质量观测数据,分析了长三角地区大气污染物质量浓度演变趋势及空间分异特征.结果表明,2005-2015年,长三角地区社会经济快速发展,大气污染情况随之增加.随着大气污染治理力度的加大,长三角地区在SO_2污染控制方面取得了显著成绩,2015年ρ(SO_2)较2005年下降了54%;区域ρ(NO_2)居高不下,快速增加的机动车保有量和使用强度,以及能源消费总量在很大程度上抵消了污染治理的效果;2013年'大气污染防治十条措施'实施以来,区域ρ(PM_(10))和ρ(PM_(2.5))逐年下降.长三角北部和腹地区域ρ(SO_2)高于区域平均值,与该地区较高的燃煤密度和工业布局有关;腹地区域和西南部ρ(NO_2)较高,与较高的机动车使用强度有关;颗粒物质量浓度呈北高南低、西高东低的空间分布特征,长三角北部PM_(10)污染突出;PM_(2.5)和O_3的区域性污染特征明显.区域ρ(SO_2)水平仍然较高,需进一步加大能源结构调整力度;机动车尾气污染治理力度亟需加强,以确保在机动车保有量持续增加的前提下,取得ρ(NO_x)的改善;区域大气污染特征存在显著空间分异,应当因地制宜制定分区防控政策. | 石颖颖 朱书慧 李莉 陈勇航 安静宇 傅子曦 | 2018 | 兰州大学学报(自然科学版)2018，54，2： | 5 |
| 13 | 浙江金华秋季干气溶胶中主要化学组分的消光贡献解析显示文摘造成雾霾事件的主要原因是高浓度的大气细颗粒物污染.为了深入研究大气细颗粒物的消光来源,本研究采用高时间分辨率气溶胶观测仪器获得了浙江金华秋季PM1主要化学组分浓度及干气溶胶吸收系数和散射系数演变情况.结合有机气溶胶正矩阵因子解析模型(PMF)和多元线性回归方法,建立了拟合优度很高(R2=0.977)的细颗粒物中主要化学组分与干气溶胶消光系数间的定量关系模型.结果表明,观测期间消光贡献最大的是硫酸铵,贡献率为35.1%;其次是硝酸铵,贡献率为26.7%;二次有机气溶胶(SOA)、生物质燃烧有机气溶胶(BBOA)、黑碳(BC)及氯化铵的消光贡献率分别为14.3%、11.2%、8.7%、4.0%.在一些特定污染时段,BBOA具有最大的消光贡献,是导致此时大气能见度大幅度衰减的首要因子. | 陈雯廷 黄晓锋 田旭东 朱乔 兰紫娟 何凌燕 | 2017 | 环境科学学报2017，37，11： | 3 |
| 14 | Urban air quality, meteorology and traffic linkages: Evidence from a sixteen-day particulate matter pollution event in December 2015, Beijing显示文摘A heavy 16-day pollution episode occurred in Beijing from December 19, 2015 to January 3,2016. The mean daily AQI and PM_(2.5) were 240.44 and 203.6 μg/m^3. We analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollutants, meteorology and road space speed during this period, then extended to reveal the combined effects of traffic restrictions and meteorology on urban air quality with observational data and a multivariate mutual information model. Results of spatiotemporal analysis showed that five pollution stages were identified with remarkable variation patterns based on evolution of PM_(2.5) concentration and weather conditions. Southern sites(DX, YDM and DS) experienced heavier pollution than northern ones(DL, CP and WL). Stage P2 exhibited combined functions of meteorology and traffic restrictions which were delayed peak-clipping effects on PM_(2.5).Mutual information values of Air quality–Traffic–Meteorology(ATM–MI) revealed that additive functions of traffic restrictions, suitable relative humidity and temperature were more effective on the removal of fine particles and CO than NO_2. | Dongmei Hu Jianping Wu Kun Tian Lyuchao Liao Ming Xu Yiman Du | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，9： | 3 |
| 15 | 成都市温江区PM_2.5中有机和无机含硫化合物的分布特征显示文摘本研究在四川农业大学成都校区设立采样点,分别于春、夏、秋、冬的四季代表时间段采集PM_2.5样品.在实验室应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy,ICP-AES)测定样本中硫的总量;同时,利用离子色谱测定细粒子中硫酸盐的含量,探讨大气PM_2.5中含硫化合物的季节变化,气象因子以及污染天气对含硫化合物的影响.研究表明,大气细颗粒中总硫、有机硫、硫酸根的年浓度值分别为5.41±3.61、1.46±1.54、11.85±7.23μg·m^(-3).有机硫占总硫的比值春季为15.6%±10.2%,夏季为27.1%±14.0%,秋季为27.5%±21.7%,冬季为22.4%±13.3%.有机硫占总硫的平均比值夏、秋两季略高于春、冬两季,说明温暖的气候有利于气溶胶中硫酸盐转化为有机硫.冬季污染天气下有机硫/总硫的比值为28.2%±12.4%,明显高于非污染天气下有机硫/总硫的平均比值14.2%±10.9%.硫酸盐和有机物在大气颗粒物中的汇聚,有机和无机污染物浓度同时增多,可促使PM_2.5中有机硫化合物的形成. | 邹明汐 周易 谢玲玲 李梦琪 杜金戈 李黎 | 2018 | 环境化学2018，37，1： | 3 |
| 16 | 南京北郊能见度变化中二次无机盐消光的重要作用显示文摘利用2013年5月~2014年5月的能见度和大气气溶胶化学组分资料,分析南京北郊能见度变化特征、气溶胶化学组分与能见度变化的关联及其对大气消光的贡献,识别在能见度变化中二次无机盐消光的重要作用.结果表明,观测期间平均能见度为(6.78±3.68)km,能见度存在显著的季节变化.粒径小于2.1μm的细粒子对能见度降低有较大影响,SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4和OC是细粒子主要成分,其中二次无机离子对重霾日能见度恶化具有重要贡献.利用修正的IMPROVE方程重建观测期间消光系数,均值为(527.2±295.2)Mm-1,PM2.1化学组分中硫酸铵、硝酸铵以及有机物对消光系数贡献最大,达到80.6%.尽管在清洁日(VR>10 km)有机物的消光贡献高达43.51%,但随着能见度降低,有机物消光贡献减少,二次无机盐组分消光贡献增加,在低能见度的重霾日(VR<5 km)二次无机盐消光贡献达到58.96%,表明二次无机盐消光对能见度恶化具有重要作用. | 于超 于兴娜 赵天良 张蕾 马国煦 王咏薇 | 2018 | 环境科学2018，39，3： | 2 |
| 17 | 北京重霾期空气污染物、气象和交通的时空特征(英文)显示文摘在空气污染物、气象和道路平均车速的时空特征分析基础上,探讨了临时交通限行措施和气象条件定性分析对空气质量的叠加影响。结果表明,时间上可划分为5个不同污染阶段,空间上表现出自北向南污染加重且空气质量改善由北至南推延的趋势;P3阶段显示交通与气象对空气质量改善的叠加作用;温度高且湿度低时空气质量良好。重污染天气下,临时的交通管制对CO和NO2及时性减排作用显著,对PM_(2.5)有延时削峰作用。 | 胡冬梅 吴建平 田琨 廖律超 杜怡曼 | 2019 | 系统仿真学报2019，31，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Comparisons of two serious air pollution episodes in winter and summer in Beijing显示文摘Characteristics of two serious air pollution episodes(9–15 January, as the winter case; and30 June to 1 July, as the summer case), which occurred in Beijing in 2013 were investigated and compared using multi-method observations and numerical simulations. During these two air pollution episodes, PM_(2.5) concentrations varied significantly within Beijing, with PM_(2.5) concentrations in southern parts of Beijing being significantly higher than in northern areas. Typically, heavy air pollution episodes begin in the southern parts and disperse towards the northern parts of Beijing. Clearly, synoptic patterns and the stability of atmospheric circulation patterns were the main factors controlling air pollution in Beijing.During the winter case, a warm center above 900 h Pa occurred over Beijing. Meanwhile, in the summer case, although there was only a weak inversion, the convective inhibition energy was strong(over 200 J/k G). This clearly influenced the duration of the air pollution event. Except for the local accumulation and secondary atmospheric reactions in both cases, regional straw burnings contributed a lot to the PM_(2.5) concentrations in summer case.Using the CAMxmodel, we established that regional transport contributed almost 59% to the PM_(2.5) averaged concentration in Beijing in the winter case, but only 31% in the summer case. Thus, the winter case was a typical regional air pollution episode, while the summer case resulted from local accumulation straw burnings transportation and strong secondary atmospheric reactions. Given that air pollution is a regional problem in China, consistent and simultaneous implementation of regional prevention and control strategies is necessary to improve regional air quality. | Nianliang Cheng Yunting Li Bingfen Cheng Xin Wang Fan Meng Qin Wang Qihong Qiu | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，7： | 0 |
| 19 | Mass spectral chemical fingerprints reveal the molecular dependence of exhaust particulate matters on engine speeds显示文摘Particulate matters(PMs) emitted by automobile exhaust contribute to a significant fraction of the global PMs. Extractive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry(EAPCI-MS) was developed to explore the molecular dependence of PMs collected from exhaust gases produced at different vehicle engine speeds. The mass spectral fingerprints of the organic compounds embedded in differentially sized PMs(e.g., 0.22–0.45, 0.45–1.00, 1.00–2.00, 2.00–3.00, 3.00–5.00, and 5.00–10.00 μm) generated at different engine speeds(e.g., 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 r/min) were chemically profiled in the mass range of mass to charge ratio(m/z) 50–800. Organic compounds,including alcohols, aldehydes, and esters, were detected in all the PMs tested, with varied concentration levels for each individual PM sample. At relatively low engine speeds(≤ 1500 r/min), the total amount of organic species embedded in PMs of 0.22–1.00 μm was greater than in PMs of other sizes, while more organic species were found in PMs of5.00–10.00 μm at high engine speeds(≥ 3000 r/min), indicating that the organic compounds distributed in different sizes of PMs strongly correlated with the engine speed. The experimental data showed that the EAPCI-MS technique enables molecular characterization of PMs in exhaust, revealing the chemical dependence of PMs on the engine speeds(i.e., the combustion conditions) of automobiles. | Yi Li Hua Zhang Zongshan Zhao Yong Tian Kun Liu Feifan Jie Liang Zhu Huanwen Chen | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，5： | 0 |
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