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| 1 | 农业生物育种技术的发展历程及产业化对策显示文摘伴随千百年来自然物种进化与人类科技进步,世界农业育种经历了原始育种、传统育种和分子育种三个时代的跨越。生物育种是生物技术育种的简称,属于从转基因育种3.0版跨入智能设计育种4.0版、集各种前沿技术大成的新一代分子育种技术,其中最具代表性的包括培育革命性和颠覆性新品种的全基因组选择、基因编辑和合成生物技术。回顾了国内外农业转基因和生物育种技术的发展历程,分析了我国生物育种面临的严峻挑战,提出了加快我国生物育种技术创新的产业化对策。 | 林敏 | 2021 | 生物技术进展2021，11，4： | 59 |
| 2 | Perspectives on the Application of Genome-Editing Technologies in Crop Breeding显示文摘Most conventional and modern crop-improvement methods exploit natural or artificially induced genetic variations and require laborious characterization of the progenies of multiple generations derived from time-consuming genetic crosses.Genome-editing systems,in contrast,provide the means to rapidly modify genomes in a precise and predictable way,making it possible to introduce improvements directly into elite varieties.Here,we describe the range of applications available to agricultural researchers using existing genome-editing tools.In addition to providing examples of genome-editing applications in crop breeding,we discuss the technical and social challenges faced by breeders using genome-editing tools for crop improvement. | Kai Hua Jinshan Zhang Jose Ramon Botella Changle Ma Fanjiang Kong Baohui Liu Jian-Kang Zhu | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，8： | 19 |
| 3 | Lipid Metabolism: Critical Roles in Male Fertility and Other Aspects of Reproductive Development in Plants显示文摘Fatty acids and their derivatives are essential building blocks for anther cuticle and pollen wall formation.Disruption of lipid metabolism during anther and pollen development often leads to genic male sterility(GMS).To date,many lipid metabolism-related GMS genes that are involved in the formation of anther cuticle,pollen wall,and subcellular organelle membranes in anther wall layers have been identified and characterized.In this review,we summarize recent progress on characterizing lipid metabolism-related genes and their roles in male fertility and other aspects of reproductive development in plants.On the basis of cloned GMS genes controlling biosynthesis and transport of anther cutin,wax,sporopollenin,and tryphine\r\Arabidopsis,rice,and maize as well as other plant species,updated lipid metabolic networks underlying anther cuticle development and pollen wall formation were proposed.Through bioinformatics analysis of anther RNA-sequencing datasets from three maize inbred lines(Oh43,W23,and B73),a total of 125 novel lipid metabolism-related genes putatively involved in male fertility in maize were deduced.More,we discuss the pathways regulating lipid metabolism-related GMS genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.Finally,we highlight recent findings on lipid metabolism-related genes and their roles in other aspects of plant reproductive development.A comprehensive understanding of lipid metabolism,genes involved,and their roles in plant reproductive development will facilitate the application of lipid metabolism-related genes in gene editing,haploid and callus induction,molecular breeding and hybrid seed production in crops. | Xiangyuan Wan Suowei Wu Ziwen Li Xueli An Youhui Tian | 2020 | Molecular Plant2020，13，7： | 15 |
| 4 | 我国玉米生物学研究进展显示文摘玉米是我国当前种植面积较大,总产量较高的重要粮食作物,在保障我国粮食安全的重大战略中占有重要地位。近年来,我国玉米生物学研究取得了重大进展,发表了一系列有重要影响的研究成果。从玉米基因组学、雄性不育遗传调控、玉米株型遗传调控、玉米籽粒发育遗传调控、玉米单倍体育种技术、玉米抗生物胁迫遗传调控、玉米抗非生物胁迫遗传调控、玉米种质资源相关基础、玉米分子遗传研究技术和平台共9个方面对近3年来我国玉米生物学的研究进展进行了总结,以期为今后玉米分子育种研究提供思路和参考。 | 王帅 宋伟 王荣焕 赵久然 | 2022 | 中国农业科技导报2022，24，7： | 7 |
| 5 | 2019年中国玉米生物学研究进展显示文摘2019年中国玉米生物学研究继续保持高速发展态势,产出多项重要成果,中国玉米研究团队在国际顶尖学术期刊发表的文章数量稳步提升。在81个SCI收录期刊上发表玉米生物学研究论文366篇,比2018年增加了84篇。其中,在5年平均影响因子超过5.0的高水平期刊发表论文83篇,比2018年增加了20篇,并突破性的在Science发表论文1篇,论文数量和质量均有较大幅度提升。366篇论文的研究内容涉及玉米基因组学、玉米株型相关性状遗传调控、玉米子粒发育遗传调控、玉米穗部产量性状遗传调控、玉米抗生物和非生物胁迫遗传调控、玉米养分利用遗传调控、玉米育种技术研究和玉米功能基因组研究资源等。 | 宋伟彬 赵海铭 赖锦盛 | 2020 | 玉米科学2020，28，3： | 5 |
| 6 | Genome editing for plant research and crop improvement显示文摘The advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR) has had a profound impact on plant biology, and crop improvement. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art development of CRISPR technologies and their applications in plants, from the initial introduction of random small indel(insertion or deletion) mutations at target genomic loci to precision editing such as base editing, prime editing and gene targeting. We describe advances in the use of class 2, types II, V, and VI systems for gene disruption as well as for precise sequence alterations, gene transcription, and epigenome control. | Xiangqiang Zhan Yuming Lu Jian-Kang Zhu Jose Ramon Botella | 2021 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2021，63，1： | 5 |
| 7 | 玉米杂交诱导单倍生殖育种工具材料——单倍体诱导系显示文摘玉米育种的关键在于自交系的选拔。优良自交系选育的质量和速度决定了组配杂交种的水平和表现。传统的自交系选育方法所需周期长、规模大、费时费力,已不能适应现代市场对于新品种的需求。目前,最好的方法是双单倍体育种方法,此方法通过单倍体诱导系可以诱导产生10%左右的母本单倍体种子,经过加倍处理,即可获得100%纯合的自交系。杂交诱导单倍体育种方法的根基是诱导系的创制与诱导率提升。 | 任军 郭琦 刘小丹 代玉仙 于明彦 李淑华 张铭堂 徐国良 才卓 | 2020 | 玉米科学2020，28，1： | 5 |
| 8 | Establishment of an efficient seed fluorescence reporter-assisted CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in maize显示文摘Genome editing by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic sequences(CRISPR)/CRISPRassociated protein 9(Cas9)has revolutionized functional gene analysis and genetic improvement.While reporter-assisted CRISPR/Cas systems can greatly facilitate the selection of genome-edited plants produced via stable transformation,this approach has not been well established in seed crops.Here,we established the seed fluorescence reporter(SFR)-assisted CRISPR/Cas9 systems in maize(Zea mays L.),using the red fluorescent Ds RED protein expressed in the endosperm(En-SFR/Cas9),embryos(Em-SFR/Cas9),or both tissues(Em/En-SFR/Cas9).All three SFRs showed distinct fluorescent patterns in the seed endosperm and embryo that allowed the selection of seeds carrying the transgene of having segregated the transgene out.We describe several case studies of the implementation of En-SFR/Cas9,Em-SFR/Cas9,and Em/En-SFR/Cas9 to identify plants not harboring the genomeediting cassette but carrying the desired mutations at target genes in single genes or in small-scale mutant libraries,and report on the successful generation of single-target mutants and/or mutant libraries with En-SFR/Cas9,Em-SFR/Cas9,and Em/En-SFR/Cas9.SFR-assisted genome editing may have particular value for application scenarios with a low transformation frequency and may be extended to other important monocot seed crops. | Yuanyuan Yan Jinjie Zhu Xiantao Qi Beijiu Cheng Changlin Liu Chuanxiao Xie | 2021 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2021，63，9： | 3 |
| 9 | Co对绿色巴夫藻超微结构的影响显示文摘利用电镜技术探讨金属离子Co对绿色巴夫藻超微结构的影响。实验结果表明 ,一定浓度的Co可导致细胞色素体肿涨 ,类囊体片层受破坏 ,细胞质膜不完整 ,液泡增多变大 ,核内异染色质增多边聚 ,同时还对线粒体产生不同程度的影响。初步证实Co对藻细胞的两大能量供应系统色素体和线粒体有不同程度的影响 ,使细胞能量供给受限制 ,影响藻正常的生长代谢。 | 陈必链 庄惠如 陈文列 施巧琴 | 2000 | 海洋环境科学2000，19，2： | 3 |
| 10 | CRISPR/Cas植物基因组编辑技术及其在玉米中的应用显示文摘CRISPR/Cas系统具有操作简单、效率高等优势,为植物功能基因研究和作物遗传改良提供了重要支撑。介绍了CRISPR/Cas植物基因组编辑技术的研究进展,并对CRISPR/Cas系统及其衍生技术进行了详细比较;结合案例综述了CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在玉米产量、品质、抗逆性改良,以及雄性不育系创制和单倍体诱导等方面的应用;同时针对CRISPR/Cas系统未来需要迫切解决的一些问题进行了分析和展望。 | 杨梦冰 江易林 祝蕾 安学丽 万向元 | 2021 | 中国生物工程杂志2021，41，12： | 2 |
| 11 | 百合单倍体育种策略及发展趋势显示文摘百合是一种集药用、食用和观赏为一体的单子叶植物。百合遗传多样性丰富,市场新品种大多是通过杂交选育而成。百合具有基因组大、杂合度高、品种倍性复杂等特点,常常出现杂交育种障碍,致使百合育种进展缓慢。单倍体育种技术已成为常规杂交育种的重要补充,大大提高了现代植物育种效率。本文综述了百合单倍体诱导策略以及单倍体的保持与加倍,尤其介绍了基于基因组编辑技术的单倍体诱导新技术,为百合采用现代分子育种研究策略与综合开发利用提供重要参考资料。 | 赵志珩 梁文汇 王伟娟 陆雅宁 刘欢 陈玉珍 卢存福 | 2020 | 植物生理学报2020，56，11： | 2 |
| 12 | Harnessing Knowledge from Maize and Rice Domestication for New Crop Breeding显示文摘Crop domestication has fundamentally altered the course of human history,causing a shift from huntergatherer to agricultural societies and stimulating the rise of modern civilization.A greater understanding of crop domestication would provide a theoretical basis for how we could improve current crops and develop new crops to deal with environmental challenges in a sustainable manner.Here,we provide a comprehensive summary of the similarities and differences in the domestication processes of maize and rice,two major staple food crops that feed the world.We propose that maize and rice might have evolved distinct genetic solutions toward domestication.Maize and rice domestication appears to be associated with distinct regulatory and evolutionary mechanisms.Rice domestication tended to select de novo,loss-of-function,coding variation,while maize domestication more frequently favored standing,gain-offunction,regulatory variation.At the gene network level,distinct genetic paths were used to acquire convergent phenotypes in maize and rice domestication,during which different central genes were utilized,orthologous genes played different evolutionary roles,and unique genes or regulatory modules were acquired for establishing new traits.Finally,we discuss how the knowledge gained from past domestication processes,together with emerging technologies,could be exploited to improve modern crop breeding and domesticate new crops to meet increasing human demands. | Qiuyue Chen Weiya Li Lubin Tan Feng Tian | 2021 | Molecular Plant2021，14，1： | 2 |
| 13 | CRISPR-Mediated Engineering across the Central Dogma in Plant Biology for Basic Research and Crop Improvement显示文摘The central dogma(CD)of molecular biology is the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.Major CD processes governing genetic flow include the cell cycle,DNA replication,chromosome packaging,epigenetic changes,transcription,posttranscriptional alterations,translation,and posttranslational modifications.The CD processes are tightly regulated in plants to maintain genetic integrity throughout the life cycle and to pass genetic materials to next generation.Engineering of various CD processes involved in gene regulation will accelerate crop improvement to feed the growing world population.CRISPR technology enables programmable editing of CD processes to alter DNA,RNA,or protein,which would have been impossible in the past.Here,an overview of recent advancements in CRISPR tool development and CRISPR-based CD modulations that expedite basic and applied plant research is provided.Furthermore,CRISPR applications in major thriving areas of research,such as gene discovery(allele mining and cryptic gene activation),introgression(de novo domestication and haploid induction),and application of desired traits beneficial to farmers or consumers(biotic/abiotic stress-resilient crops,plant cell factories,and delayed senescence),are described.Finally,the global regulatory policies,challenges,and prospects for CRISPR-mediated crop improvement are discussed. | Dibyajyoti Pramanik Rahul Mahadev Shelake Mi Jung Kim Jae-Yean Kim | 2021 | Molecular Plant2021，14，1： | 2 |
| 14 | 利用CRISPR/Cas9系统编辑拟南芥ILR3基因及功能验证显示文摘拟南芥转录因子ILR3(IAA-Leucine Resistant 3)在铁稳态的调节、葡萄糖异硫氰酸盐(glucosinolate,简称GLS)的生物合成和病原体响应方面起到重要作用。为更深入探索该转录因子在植物体内的更多功能,利用YAO基因启动子驱动Cas9在拟南芥中表达,成功获得ILR3基因编辑突变体。测序结果及序列分析结果表明,在ILR3编辑拟南芥中,该基因编码区发生了碱基缺失或插入,导致蛋白ILR3保守结构域丢失。并且,这些基因编辑突变体T2代幼苗与T-DNA插入突变体ilr3-2在缺铁环境下表现出相同的性状,进一步验证ILR3转录因子在植物对铁的吸收及体内平衡的作用,也为深入研究其更多生物学功能奠定了工作基础。 | 李鹏 | 2020 | 江苏农业科学2020，48，14： | 2 |
| 15 | CRISPR/Cas9技术介导烟草CENH3基因突变体的获得显示文摘【目的】通过CRISPR/Cas9技术对烟草CENH3基因进行编辑,获得CENH3基因发生突变的植株,确定编辑载体的编辑效率与突变类型,建立高效基因组编辑技术体系。【方法】根据CENH3序列设计特异性编辑位点,构建CENH3编辑载体;采用农杆菌介导法转化烟草获得转基因植株,通过测序明确转基因植株的目标基因编辑效率与CENH3突变类型;利用微滴式数字PCR技术筛选低拷贝突变体植株。【结果】随机检测的11株转基因烟草植株,有6株被编辑,编辑效率为54.5%;编辑植株中,靶标1未发生突变,靶标2发生4种突变类型。6株编辑植株均为低拷贝植株,拷贝数为0.3~1.2。【结论】实现了对烟草CENH3的定点编辑,建立了CRISPR/Cas9介导的烟草CENH3基因组编辑体系。 | 韩平安 孙瑞芬 常悦 唐宽刚 王良 聂利珍 张自强 梁亚晖 吴新荣 李晓东 | 2022 | 北方农业学报2022，50，3： | 1 |
| 16 | 浅析生物技术在作物育种中的应用显示文摘科技的发展和生活水平的提高,对农作物的产量和品质提出了更高的要求,而将现代生物技术应用于作物育种中,不但能促进作物改良,显著提升农产品的质量,而且能提升种植效率,促进农业的可持续发展,建设环境友好型农业。本文作者简要介绍了生物技术育种的发展历程,详细阐述了生物技术在作物育种中的应用,并对其提出了前景展望,以期为生物技术育种产业化发展提供参考。 | 王玉杰 冷春旭 孙中义 王珣 赵曦 李晓娟 赵伟 | 2022 | 农业科技通讯2022，，2： | 1 |
| 17 | 理想株型塑造之于玉米耐密改良显示文摘玉米是生产能力最强的谷物作物,其充足稳定供给对保证世界范围内的粮食安全至关重要。长期的研究和生产实践表明,提高品种耐密性和种植密度是提高玉米产量的关键,而塑造理想的株型是提高玉米耐密性的重要途径。报道显示紧凑的叶夹角、较低的穗位高、较少的雄穗分枝数、较早的开花期,是玉米耐密株型性状的重要组成部分。本文从这4类性状入手,对其与耐密性的关系、形态发育及遗传调控基础的研究进展进行综述,并通过对目前研究的分析,提出了未来玉米耐密株型改良研究的一些方向,期望能为未来的玉米耐密育种提供一些有用的借鉴。 | 王宝宝 王海洋 | 2023 | 生物技术通报2023，39，8： | 1 |
| 18 | 烟草单倍体基因编辑系统的建立显示文摘【背景和目的】单倍体材料作为转化受体具有不受同源染色体联会配对影响、转化效率较高、外源基因在后代基因组中稳定性较好、加倍后即可获得纯合转化植株等优点,结合基因编辑CRISPR/Cas9系统,可大大加快烟草品种选育进程。【方法】通过花粉离体培育获得单倍体,利用CRISPR/Cas9系统编辑八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因位点,产生白化单倍体植株。【结果】(1)经过4℃处理4~6天的实验组,花药愈伤组织形成率最高可达11%;(2)获得转化后单倍体植株120株,其中白化86株(白化率71.67%),红花大金元51株,其中白化24株(白化率47.06%)。【结论】(1)适当低温处理可提高花药培育单倍体效率;(2)以单倍体为受体的基因编辑效率有所提高。 | 蒋佳芮 许力 李锐 张建铎 向海英 高茜 宋春满 邓乐乐 杨文武 杨光宇 张承明 李雪梅 曾婉俐 | 2020 | 中国烟草学报2020，26，5： | 1 |
| 19 | 利用隐性性状及其分子标记快速选择大白菜育种纯系显示文摘加快纯系选育速度、缩短育种进程,是大白菜新品种选育的重要目标。本试验利用大白菜桔红色、无表皮毛、亮绿秆三个隐性性状及其分子标记辅助大白菜优良纯系选择,开展加快大白菜育种效率的研究。结果表明:该分子标记属于基因本身外显子区段的InDel或SNP标记,选择效率高(100%),可使大白菜优良纯系培育时间缩短3年,与常规育种相结合形成的育种技术体系,可实现桔红心、无表皮毛、亮绿秆优质大白菜新品种选育的精准分子设计。本研究结果直接来源于大白菜育种实践,具有重要的理论和实践价值。 | 张烨 贺立龙 魏清岗 王红霞 李景娟 王凤德 徐少君 荆世新 孙令强 李洪雷 邓永林 高建伟 | 2019 | 山东农业科学2019，51，12： | 0 |
| 20 | 水泥燃烧过程中块状辅助燃料热利用的研究显示文摘在水泥燃烧过程中利用辅助炮火燃料的热能则有利于回收利用一些废物(如废轮胎)、废渣(如森屑)作燃料。 状的辅助燃料必须被粉碎成可气力输送的粒料,才伯系统的传统燃烧位置得到利用,这就需要添置设备及增大能耗。本语文提出了一种对块状辅助燃料进行热处理的新方案。这些燃料经过预处理阶段后,则可使其在分解炉处被引入窑系统。该方案的适用性已在实验室及研究中心的试验中、在一瑞士水泥厂的后。 | 兰海 | 2000 | 水泥科技2000，，1： | 0 |
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