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| 1 | 全球早白垩世大规模岩浆活动、铁矿床形成及与气候变化的可能耦合关系显示文摘地球系统科学是当今地球科学的研究前缘,早白垩时期全球气候经历了巨大的变化,前人为此做了大量的研究工作,但就铁矿形成与环境变化方面的研究还鲜见人提及。本文针对早白垩世大规模岩浆活动、铁矿成因、温室气体的释放及对气候变化的可能耦合关系做探索性的研究工作。本文主要通过大数据统计、整理分析、制图对比等科学手段,论证早白垩世各重要地质事件之间的耦合关系。发现早白垩世的大规模岩浆活动和铁矿爆发巅峰期、陆相红层的出现有着非常吻合的时间一致性。推测早白垩世时期大规模岩浆活动以及铁矿床的形成,释放大量CO_(2)温室气体。大气中CO_(2)温室气体含量急剧增加,导致大气环境温度升高,Fe2+变成Fe3+导致了大陆红层的形成;大气中CO_(2)温室气体含量急剧增加也导致了大气中氧气含量变低,致使后生生物为了适应这种极端环境气候个体趋向于小型化。因此,铁矿床爆发式成矿作用间接地导致了当时气候环境变化和生物演化方向。在当今面临的全球变暖的大环境下,我们更要加深了解和我们当代很相似的晚中生代时期,以便更加主动的应对以后的气候环境变化和生物发展。 | 王文博 苏尚国 王娜 李瑞鹏 | 2021 | 岩石学报2021，37，7： | 1 |
| 2 | 地球深部过程与极热和极冷事件显示文摘地球气候以频繁冷暖波动为特征,在百万年时间尺度上可划分为温室期和冰室期,期间发生持续时间相对短的极热和极冷事件.大多数学者将这些温室期、冰室期以及极热和极冷事件归因于大气CO_(2)浓度变化,即地球深部碳释放和表层碳消耗之间的动态平衡.地球深部碳是CO_(2)的主要来源,通过大火成岩省、俯冲带、裂谷岩浆活动等过程释放到大气中,从而引发全球增温.但是,深部过程又可通过4种途径引发降温:(1)火山活动释放SO_(2)形成硫酸盐气溶胶,导致“火山冬天”;(2)岩浆活动峰期之后的化学风化消耗大气CO_(2),其中,镁铁质岩化学风化速率高于长英质岩,降温作用更显著;(3)火山喷发及岩浆岩化学风化释放营养元素,促进大洋初级生产力,加快碳埋藏;(4)板块运动增大陆地面积以及使大陆聚集于高温、湿润的低纬地区,增强化学风化对CO_(2)的消耗.大体上,温室和冰室气候与俯冲带大陆弧岩浆活动强度(通常用大陆弧长度和年轻碎屑锆石相对丰度指代)及低纬地区弧-陆碰撞带长度有关,如果大陆弧活跃且低纬地区弧-陆碰撞带规模小,易形成温室气候,反之则形成冰室气候.极热事件普遍由镁铁质大火成岩省的快速巨量碳释放引发;极冷事件成因较为复杂,例如低纬地区大火成岩省强烈化学风化(如前寒武纪斯图特雪球地球)和硅质大火成岩省或大规模长英质火山活动的“火山冬天”效应(如晚古生代冰期极盛期).目前,从发生时间一致和关联机制合理性这两个角度考虑,大部分极热和极冷事件的发生都可归因于大规模岩浆活动,但是岩浆活动引发的系列反馈过程以及对极热和极冷事件的触发与维持机制仍缺乏深入理解.就此而论,高精度定年、岩浆活动过程及其气候反馈的数值模拟应该是今后研究的重点. | 王永达 杨石岭 沈冰 朱茂炎 陈祚伶 纪伟强 黄晓芳 孙敏敏 张师豪 | 2024 | 科学通报2024，69，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Prototypes,modifications,and hydrocarbon enrichment variations in basins influenced by Tethyan evolution:A comparative analysis of the Persian Gulf Basin and the Sichuan Basin显示文摘The hydrocarbon accumulation modes and differences in the Tethyan realm serve as a hot research topic in the petroleum geology community at home and abroad.Both the Persian Gulf Basin in the Middle East and the Sichuan Basin in China,situated on the southern and northern sides of the Tethyan realm,respectively,record the whole geological process of the opening and closure of the Prototethys,the Paleotethys,and the Neotethys sequentially,exhibiting anomalous hydrocarbon enrichment.Based on the analysis of the plate tectonic evolution in the Tethyan realm,this study dissects the structures and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of both basins.Followed by a systematic comparative analysis of the factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment in the process of plate breakup and convergence in the Tethyan realm,this study proposes petroleum exploration targets in the realm.The results are as follows:(1)Since the Meso-Neoproterozoic,the Persian Gulf Basin and the Sichuan Basin have undergone similar tectonic evolution in the early stage but different in the late stage.Under the influence of the formation and evolution of the Prototethys,Paleotethys,and Neotethys oceans,both basins experienced multi-stage development and modification,forming two major extension-convergence cycles.Consequently,both basins are characterized by the vertical orderly superimposition of various basin prototypes in the order of rift-intracratonic basin(passive continental margin)-foreland.(2)The fact that the Tethyan realm was long located at medium-low latitudes and the local anoxic environment formed in the process of plate breakup and convergence played a vital role in the formation of extensive source rocks.The source rocks are predominantly distributed in underfilled rifts and deep depressions that were connected to the ocean in the unidirectional continental breakup process;basin-slopes and intra-shelf basins on passive continental margins;basinal lows within intracratonic basins,and underfilled foredeeps in foreland basins.The favorable areas for the formation of carbonate reservoirs include platform margins,submarine highs and paleo-uplifts within platforms,and fault zones.The evaporite cap rocks,intimately associated with the basin evolutionary stages and global dry-hot events,are critical for large-scale hydrocarbon preservation.(3)Under the influence of Tethyan evolution,the Persian Gulf Basin and the Sichuan Basin share similar primary factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment.The moderate tectono-sedimentary differentiation and structural modification in the process of prototype basin superimposition,as well as the spatio-temporal matching of elements critical for hydrocarbon accumulation,are beneficial for the development of large oil and gas fields.The macroscopic hydrocarbon distribution is dictated by source rock-cap rock assemblages,while the local hydrocarbon distribution is governed by trap-reservoir assemblages.The critical factors determining the differential hydrocarbon enrichment in the Persian Gulf Basin and the Sichuan Basin include plate size and position,basement stability,eustatic movement,paleoclimate,and tectonic transformation.Besides,different tectonic modification intensities are closely related to the type,enrichment degree,and distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs. | Zhiliang HE Zhijun JIN Shuangjian LI Guoping BAI Xueyan LV Jinrui GUO Jian GAO Jinyin YIN Yingqiang LI Dingye ZHENG | 2023 | Science China Earth Sciences2023，66，12： | 0 |
| 4 | Black shale formation enviro nment and its control on shale oil enrichment in Triassic Chang 7 Member,Ordos Basin,NW China显示文摘Based on geochemical analysis results of core samples from the Triassic Chang 7 Member of Well Feng 75 drilled in the northwest margin of Ordos Basin,combined with geological characteristics of this region,the formation environment of the black shale and its control on shale oil enrichment are comprehensively studied.From the Chang 73 to Chang 71 Sub-members,the black shale have organic carbon contents decreasing from 5.70%to 3.55%,hydrogen indexes decreasing from 345 mg/g to 269 mg/g,while the oxygen indexes increasing gradually from 6 mg/g to 29 mg/g,indicating that the sedimentary environment during the depositional period of Chang 72 and Chang 73 Sub-members was anoxic.Biomarkers in the black shale change regu-larly,and have an obvious“inflection point”at the depth of 2753–2777 m in the Chang 73 Sub-member,indicating that the input of terrigenous organic matter increased.However,there is a negative drift about 2%of organic carbon isotopic composition near the“inflection point”,which is in conflict with the results of biomarker compounds.This is because the extreme thermal and anoxic events caused by continental volcanic activity in the ancient Qinling region caused negative drift of carbon isotopic composition of the black shale in the Ordos Basin.The volcanic activity caused rise of temperature,polluted air,extreme weathers,more floods and thus more input of terrigenous organic matter,and gave rise to extremely anoxic environment con-ducive to the preservation of organic matter.Terrigenous organic matter is more conducive to the formation of light oil than aquatic organic matter,so these sections in Yanchang Formation are major“sweet spots”for shale oil enrichment. | ZHANG Bin MAO Zhiguo ZHANG Zhongyi YUAN Yilin CHEN Xiaoliang SHI Yuxin LIU Guanglin SHAO Xiaozhou | 2021 | Petroleum Exploration and Development2021，48，6： | 0 |
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