| 1 | Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 35 children with COVID-19 in Beijing,China显示文摘Importance:Within the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)global pandemic,more attention is warranted for whether this new infectious disease has unique manifestations in children.Objective:To retrospectively determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 35 children with COVID-19 in Beijing,China.Methods:We collected data for 35 children diagnosed with COVID-19 who were admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital from January 2020 to June 2020,and analyzed their epidemiological characteristics,clinical manifestations,laboratory examinations,chest imaging findings,treatments,and outcomes.Results:The children comprised 18 boys(51.4%)and 17 girls(48.6%)aged 6 months to 15 years.All patients had clear epidemiological history,with family clusters accounting for 28 cases(80.0%)and clear tracing of exposure to high epidemic areas in the remaining 7 cases(20.0%).Four(11.4%)patients were classified as asymptomatic,17(48.6%)as acute upper respiratory infection,and 14(40.0%)as mild pneumonia,with no severe or critical cases.Clinical manifestations were mild,including fever in 18(51.4%),cough in 14(40.0%),and nausea and diarrhea in 7(20.0%)patients.White blood cell count was mostly normal(26 cases,74.3%)or decreased(7 cases,20.0%);lymphocyte percentage was increased in 24(68.7%);neutrophil percentage was decreased in 25(71.4%);alanine aminotransferase was increased in 3(8.6%);and serum potassium was decreased in 4(11.4%).Time to negative viral nucleic acid testing was 2-42 days(mean:14.0±9.4 days).Chest imaging examination revealed that 20 patients(57.1%)had different forms of lung inflammation.Treatment was mainly isolation and nutritional support.Eleven patients were treated with interferon atomization inhalation.No patients required oxygen therapy.All 35 children were cured and discharged.Length of hospital stay was 9-54 days(mean:25.4±13.8 days).During regular follow-up after discharge,5 children showed positivity again in the viral nucleic acid test and were re-hospitalized for observation and treatment.The mean length of re-hospitalization stay was 10.8 days.Interpretation:Children with COVID-19 mainly become infected within their family,and children of all ages are generally susceptible.The disease in children is mostly mild and the prognosis is good.Nucleic acid tests in some patients become positive again after discharge,suggesting that it is of great significance to carry out centralized isolation medical observations and active nucleic acid tests in close contacts for early detection of patients and routine epidemic prevention and control. | Ming He Caiying Wang Lin Xu Huimin Zhang Yuhuan Liu Yang Zhao Shuxin He Yanlan Zhang Hongling Yang Yang Liu Min Miao Zhihai Chen Lin Pang | 2020 | Pediatric Investigation2020，4，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in children: A review of the current knowledge显示文摘Host immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),especially in children,are still under investigation.Children with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)constitute a significant study group of immune responses as they rarely present with severe clinical manifestations,require hospitalization,or develop complications such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children(MIS-C)associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.The deciphering of children’s immune responses during COVID-19 infection will provide information about the protective mechanisms,while new potential targets for future therapies are likely to be revealed.Despite the limited immunological studies in children with COVID-19,this review compares data between adults and children in terms of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2,discusses the possible reasons why children are mostly asymptomatic,and highlights unanswered or unclear immunological issues.Current evidence suggests that the activity of innate immunity seems to be crucial to the early phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and adaptive memory immunity is vital to prevent reinfection. | Filippos Filippatos Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi Athanasios Michos | 2021 | Pediatric Investigation2021，5，3： | 0 |
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