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| 1 | 虚拟现实和增强现实的教育应用及融合现实展望显示文摘虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)和增强现实(Augmented Reality,AR)是对生活、工作、学习带来重要影响的新兴技术。文章分析了VR、AR的区别和教育特性,探讨了两者在硬件定制化、内容可视化、环境虚拟化、体验真实化等方面的开发应用思路。最后,文章描绘了基于VR、AR的学习生态圈,并针对两者的发展瓶颈问题,介绍了融合现实(Merged Reality,MR),探讨了MR与VR、AR的关系。文章的研究,能协助学习者更好地应对未来教育所面临的学习环境、学习方式等挑战,以更好地激发批判性思维、提升协同学习能力。 | 张枝实 | 2017 | 现代教育技术2017，27，1： | 77 |
| 2 | A review of selective laser melting of aluminum alloys: Processing,microstructure, property and developing trends显示文摘Selective laser melting(SLM) is an attractive rapid prototyping technology for the fabrication of metallic components with complex structure and high performance. Aluminum alloy, one of the most pervasive structural materials, is well known for high specific strength and good corrosion resistance. But the poor laser formability of aluminum alloy restricts its application. There are problems such as limited processable materials, immature process conditions and metallurgical defects on SLM processing aluminum alloys. Some efforts have been made to solve the above problems. This paper discusses the current research status both related to the scientific understanding and technology applications. The paper begins with a brief introduction of basic concepts of aluminum alloys and technology characterization of laser selective melting. In addition, solidification theory of SLM process and formation mechanism of metallurgical defects are discussed. Then, the current research status of microstructure, properties and heat treatment of SLM processing aluminum alloys is systematically reviewed respectively. Lastly, a future outlook is given at the end of this review paper. | Jinliang Zhang Bo Song Qingsong Wei Dave Bourell Yusheng Shi | 2019 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2019，35，2： | 77 |
| 3 | 700℃超超临界机组用Alloy 617 mod时效析出相显示文摘研究了Alloy617mod在750℃下时效3000h过程的析出相种类及其对室温硬度和冲击性能的影响。Alloy617mod时效后析出M23C6碳化物和γ′相。随时效时间延长,晶内、晶界析出物数量增多,晶界碳化物尺寸和分布无明显变化。经300h时效后,M23C6和γ′相产生析出强化,提高了合金硬度。晶界碳化物导致界面结合强度降低,晶界成为裂纹的发源地,引起冲击吸收能量降低。时效过程γ′相与基体相保持共格关系,产生共格应力,有利于硬度提高;同时γ′相析出强化使晶界附近难以协调塑性变形,易导致开裂,也引起冲击吸收能量降低。时效300-3000h过程的时效态Alloy617mod硬度和冲击吸收能量分别为207-214HB和75~83J,具有良好的稳定性。 | 郭岩 王博涵 侯淑芳 周荣灿 毕凯 | 2014 | 中国电机工程学报2014，34，14： | 29 |
| 4 | Fe-Mo-B-CSINTERED STE ELS PRODUCED BY ADDITI ON OF MASTER ALLOY POWDERS显示文摘Addition of Fe B C and Fe Mo B C m aster alloy pow ders to Fe Mo B Csintered steels can ac tivate the sintering process by liquid phase sintering . The for m ation of liquid ( α- Fe + ( Fe , Mo) 2 B+ Fe3( B, C) → L) i m proves m echanical properties of the steels , and ultim ate tensilestrengths of 684 774 M Pa , i m pact energy of 47 ±7 Jand elongation of 2 5 ±0 9 were ob tained . Optim u m a mount of liquid phase exists , and alarge a mount of liquid phase will re sult in the form ation of continuous netw ork of liquid phase that is detrim ental to strength andelongation . | Z. M. Xiu1) , L. X. Ding2) , Z. J. Zhao3) , J. You3) , Z. Zhang3) , F. M. He1)and X. D. Sun1)1) School of Materials and Metallurgy , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110006 , China2) Department of Materials , School of Mechan | 1999 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)1999，12，5： | 25 |
| 5 | Application of Lanthanum in High Strength and High Conductivity Copper Alloys显示文摘China is quite poor in argent resource. Roughly 80% of this industrial argent is imported every year. In order to improve the situation, we took advantage of rare earth (RE) mineral resource and successfully developed the non-argent Lanthanum-tellurium-copper alloy as a substitute for industry argent-copper. In our research, we were able to successfully apply rare earth lanthanum to copper alloy. The defects as porosity, inclusion, etc. originating from nonvacuum melting processing were controlled. Fine grain was obtained. Meanwhile, the comprehensive properties of the copper alloy, such as strength, conductivity and thermal conductivity were improved. The research results in increasing conductivity and thermal conductivity by 5% and 15%, respectively, while the tensile strength is increased by 6% higher than Ag-Cu alloy. The anti-electric corrosion property is good, and there is no argent-cadmium steam population originating from the electric arc effect. The addition of lanthanum further reduces the content of oxygen and hydrogen.The optimum quantity of the addition of RE lanthanum in the copper alloy is 0.010%~0.020%. | 周世杰 赵秉钧 赵桢 金鑫 | 2006 | Journal of Rare Earths2006，24，z2： | 22 |
| 6 | The Aging Feature of Al-L-Cu-Mg-Zr Alloy Containing Sc显示文摘The aging behaviors of Al 1.42%Li 2.41%Cu 0.93%Mg 0.073%Zr 0.17%Sc(mass fraction, the same below) alloy at room temperature, 160 ℃ , and 160 ℃ after 8% pre deformation were studied respectively by hardness measurement. The microstructure of the alloy in various aging conditions was observed by TEM. The results show that the main precipitations of the alloy in quenching condition are the particles containing Sc and Zr which have certain coherent relation with the matrix. Addition of Sc in Al Li Cu Mg Zr alloy will be favorable to promoting precipitation. The particles can serve as preferred nucleation sites for δ′ phases which accelerate the aging hardening rate at initial aging. The main hardening phases of the alloy aged at 160 ℃ are δ′ and δ′/β′ composite precipitates. The size of the composite precipitates is very small (nanometer size). The composite precipitates will preclude efficiently the formation concentrative slip location and will improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. S′ phase will occur in the alloy aged at 160 ℃ after 8% pre deformation. It is found that 8% pre deformation has no obvious influence on the precipitation of the composite phase. | TAN Cheng yu,ZHENG Zi qiao,XIA Chang qing,LIANG Ying (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Technology, Changsha 410083, China) | 2000 | Journal of Central South University2000，12，2： | 22 |
| 7 | DEVELOPMENT OF INCONEL~ ALLOY 783,A LOW THERMAL EXPANSION,CRACK GROWTH RESISTANT SUPERALLOY显示文摘DEVELOPMENTOFINCONEL~ALLOY783,ALOWTHERMALEXPANSION,CRACKGROWTHRESISTANTSUPERALLOYJ.H.Thndermann(IncoAlloysInternational,Inc.... | J.H.Thndermann(Inco Alloys International, Inc., Huntington, WV 25705, USA ) | 1996 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)1996，9，6： | 23 |
| 8 | A promising new class of irradiation tolerant materials:Ti_2ZrHfV_(0.5)Mo_(0.2) high-entropy alloy显示文摘Recently, high-entropy alloys(HEAs) or multi-principal-element alloys with unprecedented physical,chemical, and mechanical properties, have been considered as candidate materials used in advanced reactors due to their promising irradiation resistant behavior. Here, we report a new single-phase bodycentered cubic(BCC) structured Ti_2 ZrHfV_(0.5)Mo_(0.2) HEA possessing excellent irradiation resistance, i.e.,scarcely irradiation hardening and abnormal lattice constant reduction after helium-ion irradiation,which is completely different from conventional alloys. This is the first time to report the abnormal XRD phenomenon of metallic alloys and almost no hardening after irradiation. These excellent properties make it to be a potential candidate material used as core components in next-generation nuclear reactors. The particular irradiation tolerance derives from high density lattice vacancies/defects. | Yiping Lu Hefei Huang Xuzhou Gao Cuilan Ren Jie Gao Huanzhi Zhang Shijian Zheng Qianqian Jin Yonghao Zhao Chenyang Lu Tongmin Wang Tingju Li | 2019 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2019，35，3： | 23 |
| 9 | New type of spherical pore Al alloy foam with low porosity and high strength显示文摘A computer system for displacement sensor is developed to obtain the real-time curve of the liquid porosity of molten Al alloy foam. The relationship between the curve of Pl-t and the change of the shape of the cells (spherical, similar spherical and polygonal) in the foaming process is analyzed. The changes of cell diameter and cell wall thickness are studied. And the the controlling methods of a new Al alloy foam with spherical pores, low porosity and high strength are developed on this basis. Also, the stress-strain curve during compressive deforma- tion and energy absorption characteristics are investigated and compared with polygonal pore Al alloy foam with high porosity. | ZOU Yi HE Deping JIANG Jiaqiao | 2004 | Science China Chemistry2004，47，5： | 21 |
| 10 | Forming limits under multi-index constraints in NC bending of aluminum alloy thin-walled tubes with large diameters显示文摘With increasing diameters of aluminum alloy thin-walled tubes (AATTs), the tube forming limits, i.e. the minimum bending factors, and their predictions under multi-index constraints including wrinkling, thinning and flattening have been being a key problem to be urgently solved for improving tube forming potential in numerical control (NC) bending processes of AATTs with large diameters. Thus in this paper, a search algorithm of the forming limits is put forward based on a 3D elastic-plastic finite element (FE) model and a wrinkling energy prediction model for the bending processes under axial compression loading (ACL) or not. This algorithm enables to be considered the effects of process parameter combinations including die, friction parameters on the multi-indices. Based on this algorithm, the forming limits of the different size tubes are obtained, and the roles of the process parameter combinations in enabling the limit bending processes are also revealed. The followings are found: the first, within the appropriate ranges of friction and clearances between the different dies and the tubes enabling the bending processes with smaller bending factors, the ACL enables the tube limit bending processes after a decrease of the mandrel ball thickness and diameters; then, without considering the effects of the tube geometry sizes on the tube constitutive equations, the forming limits will be decided by the limit thinning values for the tubes with diameters smaller than 80 mm, while the wrinkling for the tubes with diameters no less than 80 mm. The forming limits obtained from this algorithm are smaller than the analytical results, and reduced by 57.39%; the last, the roles of the process parameter combinations in enabling the limit bending processes are verified by experimental results. | YAN Jing, YANG He, ZHAN Mei & LI Heng College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，2： | 21 |
| 11 | OXIDATION OF A TWO-PHASE Cu-75Cr ALLOY IN AIRAT 700-900℃显示文摘The cormsion in air of a two-phase Cu-75Cr alloy was studied at 700-900℃. Thealloy cormded nearly parabolically at 700-800℃, but at 900℃ its instantaneousparabolic mte constant decreased with time. The scales were complex and consistedof an outermost layer of copper oxide generally followed bg a layer of the double ox-ide Cu2 Cr2 O4 sometimes containing particles of unoxidized chromium surmunded bya chromia layer. An innermost layer of chromia was also observed in some cases.Finally metallic copper was al8o frequently mixed with chromia particles. No Cr de-pletion was observed in the alloy close to the inteffoce with the scale. In any case,this alloy was not able to form an exclusive continuous protective chromia layer. Thespecial cormsion behavior Of this alloy is typical of two-phase binary systems with alange solubility gaP in which the outwaof dthesion fiux of the most-reactive componentin the alloy is strongly reduced and may be inswncient to fOrm a protective externallayer of the cormsponding oxide. In paTticular, the presence of particles of Cr withina double oxide layer is very unusual and is allowed only for the kinetic reason. | F. Gesmundo Y Niu F. Vianiand D.L. Douglass(Universita di Genova, Fiera del Mare, Pad. D,16129 Genova, Italy)(State Key Lab. for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Corrosion and Protection of Metals, theChinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110015, Ch | 1997 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)1997，10，4： | 21 |
| 12 | 钛合金表面激光熔覆钴基复合涂层的组织和性能显示文摘利用横流CO2激光器在钛合金表面制备出原位自生TiB体系陶瓷颗粒增强Co基复合材料涂层,以改善常规材料表面综合使用性能。采用XRD、SEM、EPMA等手段对复合涂层进行研究。结果表明:涂层中原位合成的TiB2和TiB陶瓷相均匀分布在γ-Co基合金涂层中。涂层内枝晶组织细小均匀,枝晶内和枝晶间存在明显的组织和成分差异。涂层显微硬度比基体显著提高,约为基体的3倍,同时耐磨性也得到显著改善。 | 马海波 张维平 | 2010 | 稀有金属材料与工程2010，39，12： | 20 |
| 13 | Effect of Deformation Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Mg Alloy Processed by Differential-Speed Rolling显示文摘A differential-speed rolling(DSR) was applied to AZ31 magnesium alloy sample at different rolling temperatures of 473,523,573,and 623 K with 1-pass and 2-pass operations.The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the deformed samples were investigated.The rolling temperature was found to be an important parameter affecting the microstructural development.After DSR at 473 K,the microstructure was more homogeneous than that obtained after deformation by equal-speed rolling(ESR).The fully recrystallized microstructures were generated after DSR at 573 and 623 K.As to mechanical properties,the yield strength(YS) and ultimate tensile strength(UTS) decreased monotonously with increasing rolling temperature.In contrast,the elongation of the DSR-deformed samples was improved as the rolling temperature increased.The strain hardening exponent(n) calculated by Hollomon equation increased with increasing the rolling temperature,which would explain an increase in the uniform elongation. | Mosab Kaseem Bong Kwon Chung Hae Woong Yang Kotiba Hamad Young Gun Ko | 2015 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2015，31，5： | 19 |
| 14 | Influence of stacking fault energy on formation of long period stacking ordered structures in Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys | Fu-sheng PAN~(1,2),Su-qin LUO~1,Ai-tao TANG~(1,2),Jian PENG~(1,2),Yun LU~3 1.College of Materials Science and Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China 2.National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China 3.Faculty of Engineering,Chiba University,Chiba 263-8522,Japan | 2011 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2011，21，6： | 17 |
| 15 | Impact of lattice relaxations on phase transitions in a high-entropy alloy studied by machine-learning potentials显示文摘Recently,high-entropy alloys(HEAs)have attracted wide attention due to their extraordinary materials properties.A main challenge in identifying new HEAs is the lack of efficient approaches for exploring their huge compositional space.Ab initio calculations have emerged as a powerful approach that complements experiment.However,for multicomponent alloys existing approaches suffer from the chemical complexity involved.In this work we propose a method for studying HEAs computationally.Our approach is based on the application of machine-learning potentials based on ab initio data in combination with Monte Carlo simulations.The high efficiency and performance of the approach are demonstrated on the prototype bcc NbMoTaW HEA.The approach is employed to study phase stability,phase transitions,and chemical short-range order.The importance of including local relaxation effects is revealed:they significantly stabilize single-phase formation of bcc NbMoTaW down to room temperature.Finally,a so-far unknown mechanism that drives chemical order due to atomic relaxation at ambient temperatures is discovered. | Tatiana Kostiuchenko Fritz Körmann Jörg Neugebauer Alexander Shapeev | 2019 | npj Computational Materials2019，，1： | 17 |
| 16 | 合金元素、加工与热处理对新型近β型钛合金TiZrMoNb力学性能的影响及微观分析显示文摘系统研究了不同合金添加元素(Mo、Zr、Nb)、加工及热处理对近β型医用钛合金力学性能和显微组织的影响规律,讨论保持医用钛合金生物力学相容性匹配的影响因素和方法。研究发现:TiNbZrMo合金中增加Zr、Mo元素含量使合金强化,而增加Mo、Nb元素含量和热加工率利于降低弹性模量。经过固溶处理后强度和弹性模量降低,而时效处理后合金产生弥散强化和细晶强化使强度和弹性模量提高。新合金冷热加工性能好,无明显各向异性,经过适当热处理可以达到高强度、低弹性模量和优良的塑韧性、疲劳性能综合匹配。 | 于振涛 张亚峰 刘辉 麻西群 余森 张明华 | 2010 | 稀有金属材料与工程2010，39，10： | 16 |
| 17 | Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded 5083Al-H19 Joints with Additional Water Cooling显示文摘3-mm-thick 5083Al-H19 rolled plates were friction stir welded(FSW) at tool rotation rates of 800 and200 rpm with and without additional water cooling. With decreasing the rotation rate and applying water cooling, softening in the FSW joint was significantly reduced. At a low rotation rate of 200 rpm with additional water cooling, almost no obvious softening was observed in the FSW joint, and therefore a FSW5083Al-H19 joint with nearly equal strength to the base material(BM) was obtained. Furthermore, the grains in the nugget zone were considerably refined with reducing the heat input and ultrafine equiaxed grains of about 800 nm were obtained in the lowest heat input condition. This work provides an effective method to achieve high property FSW joints of precipitate-hardened and work-hardened Al alloys. | B.B.Wang F.F.Chen F.Liu W.G.Wang P.Xue Z.Y.Ma | 2017 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2017，33，9： | 16 |
| 18 | 热丝TIG堆焊Alloy 59镍基合金工艺及其堆焊层性能研究显示文摘采用ASTM A262.E法、ASTM G48A法、ASTM G36及NACE TM0177腐蚀试验和力学性能、金相等测试方法,对热丝TIG堆焊Alloy 59进行了焊接工艺的研究,对堆焊层各项性能进行了研究。研究表明,热丝TIG是堆焊Alloy 59镍基合金的有效方法,堆焊层平整度较好,未观察到金相组织粗大晶粒;堆焊层力学性能及硬度均符合相关要求,抗晶间腐蚀及点蚀能力好,显示出良好的耐饱和湿H 2S环境腐蚀能力,同时也满足在Cl-应力腐蚀环境中的使用。 | 张伟 朵元才 张建晓 武正彬 杨洋 吕龙 李树龙 | 2020 | 压力容器2020，37，5： | 16 |
| 19 | CuZnAl Shape Memory Alloy Refined with Composite Rare Earths La+Ce显示文摘The effects of composite rare earths La+Ce on properties of CuZnAl shape memory alloys were studied bymetallograph examination, tensile and bending tests, electric resistivity measurements, EDS and SEM. The test resultsshow that the grain size of CuZnAl shape memory alloys could be diminished effectively and the mechanical propertiesimproved obviously by the addition of composite rare earths La+Ce (La: Ce=1: 1). Meanwhile, the excellent shapememory properties remained unchanged. The results of microanalyses indicate that the composite rare earths were segregated at grain boundaries and impeded the grain growth, leading to the improvement of the mechanical properties ofCuZnAl alloys. If the amount of composite rare earths La+Ce was greater than 0. 10%, the shape memorial propertiesbecame poor. | 司乃潮 | 1999 | Journal of Rare Earths1999，17，4： | 16 |
| 20 | Machine learning guided appraisal and exploration of phase design for high entropy alloys显示文摘High entropy alloys(HEAs)and compositionally complex alloys(CCAs)have recently attracted great research interest because of their remarkable mechanical and physical properties.Although many useful HEAs or CCAs were reported,the rules of phase design,if there are any,which could guide alloy screening are still an open issue.In this work,we made a critical appraisal of the existing design rules commonly used by the academic community with different machine learning(ML)algorithms.Based on the artificial neural network algorithm,we were able to derive and extract a sensitivity matrix from the ML modeling,which enabled the quantitative assessment of how to tune a design parameter for the formation of a certain phase,such as solid solution,intermetallic,or amorphous phase.Furthermore,we explored the use of an extended set of new design parameters,which had not been considered before,for phase design in HEAs or CCAs with the ML modeling.To verify our ML-guided design rule,we performed various experiments and designed a series of alloys out of the Fe-Cr-Ni-Zr-Cu system.The outcomes of our experiments agree reasonably well with our predictions,which suggests that the ML-based techniques could be a useful tool in the future design of HEAs or CCAs. | Ziqing Zhou Yeju Zhou Quanfeng He Zhaoyi Ding Fucheng Li Yong Yang | 2019 | npj Computational Materials2019，，1： | 16 |
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