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| 1 | Barometric altimetry system as virtual constellation applied in CAPS显示文摘This work describes the barometric altimetry as virtual constellation applied to the Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS), which uses the transponders of communication satellites to transfer navigation messages to users. Barometric altimetry depends on the relationship of air pressure varying with altitude in the Earth’s atmosphere. Once the air pressure at a location is measured the site altitude can be found. This method is able to enhance and improve the availability of three-dimensional positioning. The difficulty is that the relation between barometric pressure and altitude is variable in different areas and under various weather conditions. Hence, in order to obtain higher accuracy, we need to acquire the real-time air pressure corresponding to an altimetric region’s reference height. On the other hand, the altimetry method will be applied to satellite navigation system, but the greatest difficulty lies in how to get the real-time air pressure value at the reference height in the broad areas overlaid by satellite navigation. We propose an innovational method to solve this problem. It is to collect the real-time air pressures and temperatures of the 1860 known-altitude weather observatories over China and around via satellite communication and to carry out time extrapolation forecast uniformly. To reduce data quantity, we first partition the data and encode them and then broadcast these information via navigation message to CAPS users’ receivers. Upon the interpolations being done in receivers, the reference air pressure and temperature at the receiver’s nearby place is derived. Lastly, combing with the receiver-observed real air pressure and temperature, the site’s altitude can be determined. The work is presented in the following aspects: the calculation principle, formulae, data collection, encoding, prediction, interpolation method, navigation message transmission together with errors causes and analyses. The advantages and shortcomings of the technique are discussed at the end. | AI GuoXiang SHENG PeiXuan DU JinLin ZHENG YongGuang CAI XianDe WU HaiTao HU YongHui HUA Yu LI XiaoHui | 2009 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2009，52，3： | 22 |
| 2 | Laser altimetry data of Chang'E-1 and the global lunar DEM model显示文摘The Laser AltiMeter (LAM), as one of the main payloads of Chang'E-1 probe, is used to measure the topography of the lunar surface. It performed the first measurement at 02:22 on November 28th, 2007. Up to December 4th 2008, the total number of measurements was approximately 9.12 million, covering the whole surface of the Moon. Using the LAM data, we constructed a global lunar Digtal Elevation Model (DEM) with 3 km spatial resolution. The model shows pronounced morphological characteristics, legible and vivid details of the lunar surface. The plane positioning accuracy of the DEM is 445 m (1σ), and the vertical accuracy is 60 m (1σ). From this DEM model, we measured the full range of the altitude difference on the lunar sur-face, which is about 19.807 km. The highest point is 10.629 km high, on a peak between crater Korolev and crater Dirichlet-Jackson at (158.656°W, 5.441°N) and the lowest point is -9.178 km in height, inside crater Antoniadi (172.413°W, 70.368°S) in the South Pole-Aitken Basin. By comparison, the DEM model of Chang'E-1 is better than the USA ULCN2005 in accuracy and resolution and is probably identical to the DEM of Japan SELENE, but the DEM of Chang'E-1 reveals a new lowest point, clearly lower than that of SELENE. | LI ChunLai1, REN Xin1, LIU JianJun1, ZOU XiaoDuan1, MU LingLi1, WANG JianYu2, SHU Rong2, ZOU YongLiao1, ZHANG HongBo1, Lü Chang1, LIU JianZhong1, ZUO Wei1, SU Yan1, WEN WeiBin1, BIAN Wei1, WANG Min1, XU Chun1, KONG DeQing1, WANG XiaoQian1, WANG Fang1, GENG Liang1, ZHANG ZhouBin1, ZHENG Lei1, ZHU XinYing1, LI JunDuo1 & OUYANG ZiYuan1 1 National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China 2 Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，11： | 19 |
| 3 | A multi-subwaveform parametric retracker of the radar satellite altimetric waveform and recovery of gravity anomalies over coastal oceans显示文摘The quality of satellite radar altimetric data is very important in studies of geodesy,geophysics,and oceanography.Over coastal oceans,altimeter waveforms are contaminated by the terrain and physical environments so that the accuracy of altimeter data is lower than that over open oceans.Here we develop a new multi-subwaveform parametric retracker(MSPR) to improve the quality of altimeter data for the recovery of gravity anomaly in coastal oceans.The least squares collocation method is used to recover the residual gravity anomaly over the coastal water from altimetric data.The waveform data records from Geosat/GM around Taiwan Island are practically retracked with MSPR.When compared with the Taiwan geoid height,the results retracked by MSPR are more accurate than those retracked by the well-known β-5-parmeter method and from the geophysical data records(GDRs).The gravity anomalies over Taiwan coastal waters are calculated from the retracked altimeter data with the least squares collocation.When we compared gravity anomalies computed using altimeter GDRs with the ship-borne gravity data over Taiwan coastal ocean,we found that the results from retracked data are more accurate than those from GDRs. | HWANG CheinWay | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，4： | 15 |
| 4 | Trends of sea level rise in the South China Sea during the 1990s: An altimetry result显示文摘Using 7 years of TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite altimetry data, we have identified a general trend of sea level rising in the South China Sea between January 1993 and December 1999. The estimated bulk rising rate of the entire basin is-1 cm/a. The rise of sea level appears to be spatially non-homogeneous, which shows a highest rate of 2.7 cm/a in the deep basin west of Luzon and generally low (even negative) rates over the shallow continental shelves. It is believed that the observed rapid rising of sea level is a regional phenomenon and is mainly caused by warming of the upper layer of the South China Sea, which showed a bulk warming rate of 0.15癈/a in the same period. It is also suggested that the observed rising trend is mainly a decadal signal, which is possibly associated with decadal variation of the Pacific warm pool region. | Li Li Xu Jindian Cai Rongshuo | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，7： | 12 |
| 5 | Application of altimetry data assimilation on mesoscale eddies simulation显示文摘Mesoscale eddy plays an important role in the ocean circulation. In order to improve the simulation accuracy of the mesoscale eddies, a three-dimensional variation (3DVAR) data assimilation system called Ocean Variational Analysis System (OVALS) is coupled with a POM model to simulate the mesoscale eddies in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. In this system, the sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) data by satellite altimeters are assimilated and translated into pseudo temperature and salinity (T-S) profile data. Then, these profile data are taken as observation data to be assimilated again and produce the three-dimensional analysis T-S field. According to the characteristics of mesoscale eddy, the most appropriate assimilation parameters are set up and testified in this system. A ten years mesoscale eddies simulation and comparison experiment is made, which includes two schemes: assimilation and non-assimilation. The results of comparison between two schemes and the observation show that the simulation accuracy of the assimilation scheme is much better than that of non-assimilation, which verified that the altimetry data assimilation method can improve the simulation accuracy of the mesoscale dramatically and indicates that it is possible to use this system on the forecast of mesoscale eddies in the future. | GAO Shan WANG Fan LI MingKui CHEN YongLi YAN ChangXiang ZHU Jiang | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，1： | 10 |
| 6 | Determination of global mean sea surface WHU2000 using multi-satellite altimetric data显示文摘In this study, the overall editing criteria for altimetric data are considered and the geophysical correction models is improved. The datum for various altimetric data is also unified and the method of a full-combined crossover adjustment for different altimetric tracks is used to improve the radial orbits of Geosat, ERS-1 and ERS-2 data. In addition, the method for determining mean sea surface (MSS) by using multi-altimetric data is developed. The data used to compute WHU2000 MSS include 7-year Topex/Poseidon data (cycles 11-249), 2-year Geosat ERM data (cycles 1-44), 5-year ERS2 data (cycles 1-52) and all ERS-1 168-day data. The WHU2000 MSS is determined with a grid resolution of 2’×2’ within the ± 82° latitude and its precision is better than 0.05 m. Comparing WHU 2000MSS with 3.75’×3.75’ CLS_SHOM98.2 MSS, 3’×3’ GFZ MSS95A and 3.75’×3.75’ OSU MSS95, as external checks, the corresponding standard deviation (STD) of their differences is 0.090 m, 0.211 m and 0.079 m respectively. | Jiang, WP Li, JC Wang, ZG | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，19： | 9 |
| 7 | Detecting surface geostrophic currents using wavelet filter from satellite geodesy显示文摘According to the features of spatial spectrum of the dynamic ocean topography (DOT),wavelet filter is proposed to reduce short-wavelength and noise signals in DOT. The surface geostrophic currents calculated from the DOT models filtered by wavelet filter in global and Kuroshio regions show more detailed information than those from the DOT models filtered by Gaussian filter. Based on a satellite gravity field model (CG01C) and a gravity field model (EGM96),combining an altimetry-derived mean sea surface height model (KMSS04),two mean DOT models are estimated. The short-wavelength and noise signals of these two DOT models are removed by using wavelet filter,and the DOT models asso-ciated global mean surface geostrophic current fields are calculated separately. Comparison of the surface geostrophic currents from CG01C and EGM96 model in global,Kuroshio and equatorial Pacific regions with that from oceanography,and comparison of influences of the two gravity models errors on the precision of the surface geostrophic currents velocity show that the accuracy of CG01C model has been greatly improved over pre-existing models at long wavelengths. At large and middle scale,the surface geostrophic current from satellite gravity and satellite altimetry agrees well with that from oceanography,which indicates that ocean currents detected by satellite measurement have reached relatively high precision. | HSU HouTse | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，6： | 4 |
| 8 | ICESat/GLAS-derived changes in the water level of Hulun Lake, Inner Mongolia, from 2003 to 2009显示文摘Hulun Lake is the largest freshwater lake innorthern Inner Mongolia and even minor changes in itslevel may have major effects on the ecology of the lake andthe surrounding area. In this study, we used high-precisionelevation data for the interval from 2003-2009 measuredby the Geoscience Laser Altimetry System (GLAS) onboard the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat)to assess annual and seasonal water level variations ofHulun Lake. The altimetry data of 32 satellite tracks wereprocessed using the RANdom SAmple Consensus algo-rithm (RANSAC) to eliminate elevation outliers, andsubsequently the Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI) was used to delineate the area of the lake. From2003-2009, the shoreline of Hulun Lake retreatedwestwards, which was especially notable in the southernpart of the lake. There was only a small decrease in waterlevel, from 530.72 m to 529.22 m during 2003-2009, anaverage rate of 0.08 m/yr. The area of the lake decreased ata rate of 49.52 km^2/yr, which was mainly the result of theshallow bathymetry in the southern part of the basin. Thedecrease in area was initially rapid, then much slower, andfinally rapid again. Generally, the lake extent and waterlevel decreased due to higher temperatures, intenseevaporation, low precipitation, and decreasing runoff.And their fluctuations were caused by a decrease in intra-annual temperature, evaporation, and a slight increase inprecipitation. Overall, a combination of factors related toclimate change were responsible for the variations of thewater level of Hulun Lake during the study interval. Theresults improve our understanding of the impact of climatechange on Hulun Lake and may facilitate the formulationof response strategies. | Chunlan LI Jun WANG Richa HU Shan YIN Yuhai BAO Yuwei LI | 2018 | Frontiers of Earth Science2018，12，2： | 3 |
| 9 | Monitoring of 1997 EI Nio from TOPEX/Poseidon显示文摘In early 1997, one EI Nio event occurred. The change of the sea surface height during the event was monitored with TOPEX altimetric data, and this is helpful to the study on the formation and development mechanism of an El Nio event and its impact on the global climatic change. | DONG Xiaojun, HUANG Cheng, ZHENG Dawei and WU HongqiuCenter for Astrogeodynamic Research , Shanghai Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200030, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，4： | 3 |
| 10 | Triaxial ellipsoid models of the Moon based on the laser altimetry data of Chang'E-1显示文摘Lunar geodetic parameters, which play an important role in lunar exploration, can be calculated from the gravity and topography data. With the CE-1 altimetry data and LP gravity model, we calculate such geodetic parameters as the principle moment of inertia, the principle inertia axes, equatorial radius, polar radius, mean radius, flattening and offset between center of mass and center of figure (DCOM-COF). According to the CE-1 altimetry data and the above geodetic parameters, a tri-axial ellipsoid (CE-1-LAM-GEO) and a tri-axial level ellipsoid (CE-1-LAM-LEVEL) are calculated individually, providing mass center and figure center offset (DCOM-COF) and parameters more reliable in direction and magnitude. | WANG WenRui1,2,3, LI Fei1, LIU JianJun1, REN Xin2, ZOU XiaoDuan2,3, MU LingLi2, YAN JianGuo1, ZOU YongLiao2, ZHANG HongBo2, Lü Chang2, LIU JianZhong2, ZUO Wei2, SU Yan2, WEN WeiBin2, BIAN Wei2, WANG Min2, LI ChunLai2 & OUYANG ZiYuan2 1 School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China 2 National Astronomical Observatory of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China 3 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，11： | 2 |
| 11 | Consistency analysis of GRACE and GRACE-FO data in the study of global mean sea level change显示文摘Global mean sea level(GMSL) change is one of the important indicators of global climate change and is a crucial scientific issue of continuing interest. As satellite altimeter data, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE) and Argo continue to be updated, especially with the release of GRACE Follow-On(GRACE-FO) data, making it necessary to combine these latest data to estimate sea level change. Determinations on whether the GRACE and GRACE-FO observation systems provide unbiased global observation data have not been effectively evaluated. Therefore, this research mainly investigated the consistency of GRACE and GRACE-FO observation data in studying GMSL change. By comparing the sum of the GMSL calculated by the two gravity satellites and Argo data with the GMSL calculated by satellite altimeters, the discrepancy between GRACE-FO + Argo and satellite altimeter data is about 7.9 ± 2.3 mm, which is likely derived from the inconsistency between GRACE and GRACE-FO data. | Le Chang Wenke Sun | 2022 | Geodesy and Geodynamics2022，13，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Feasibility Analysis of Performance Validation for Satellite Altimeters Using Tide Gauge and Deep-ocean Bottom Pressure Recorder显示文摘Independent of traditional approach of satellite altimeter calibration, the feasibility of altimeter validation using tide gauge located on solitary island at open sea (TGSI) and deep-ocean bottom pressure recorder (DBPR) separately is initially studied. Bias of Jason-3 sea surface height (SSH) and relative SSH bias (Δbias) between Jason-2 and Jason-3 is calculated using the data of tide gauge on Harvest oil platform, tide gauge No. 1890000 and DBPR No. 21419. The standard deviations of calculated SSH bias sequence are 3.98 cm, 2.87 cm and 8.61 cm respectively, and Δbias (Jason-3—Jason-2) is -3.62± 2.17 cm , -2.58±1.97 cm and -2.60±1.30 cm respectively. Comparing to the results reported by international calibration sites, the results show that Jason-3 SSH is 3.0 cm lower than that of Jason-2, the selected DBPR is appropriate to the calculation of relative SSH bias between Jason-2 and Jason-3, but it is not suitable for calibration or validation of single satellite, TGSI is appropriate to both. | Bin GUAN Zhongmiao SUN Xiaogang LIU Zhenhe ZHAI Xianping QIN | 2020 | Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science2020，3，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Detecting Regional Deep Ocean Warming below 2000 Meter Based on Altimetry,GRACE,Argo,and CTD Data显示文摘The deep ocean below 2000 m is a large water body with the sparsest data coverage,challenging the closure of the sea-level budget and the estimation of the Earth’s energy imbalance.Whether the deep ocean below 2000 m is warming globally has been debated in the recent decade.However,as the regional signals are generally larger than the global average,it is intriguing to investigate the regional temperature changes.Here,we adopt an indirect method that combines altimetry,GRACE,and Argo data to examine the global and regional deep ocean temperature changes below 2000 m.The consistency between high-quality conductivity-temperature-depth(CTD)data from repeated hydrographic sections and our results confirms the validity of the indirect method.We find that the deep oceans are warming in the Middle East Indian Ocean,the subtropical North and Southwest Pacific,and the Northeast Atlantic,but cooling in the Northwest Atlantic and Southern oceans from 2005 to 2015. | Yuanyuan YANG Min ZHONG Wei FENG Dapeng MU | 2021 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2021，38，10： | 1 |
| 14 | High resolution bathymetry of China seas and their surroundings显示文摘Based on the oceanic lithospheric flexure and the worldwide bathymetric data ETOPO5, the high resolution bathymetry of the China seas and their surroundings is computed from altimeter derived gravity anomalies. The new bathymetry obtained by this study is higher resolution and accuracy than the widely used ETOPO5 data, meanwhile it shows clearly the seafloor, the tectonic characteristics and the geodynamical processes in the China seas. | Yong Wang Houze Xu Jigang Zhan | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，19： | 1 |
| 15 | MEAN SEA LEVEL AND SEA SURFACE VARIABILITY OF NQRTHWEST PACIFIC OCEAN AND EASTERN CHINA SEAS FROM GEOSAT ALTIMETRY显示文摘Collinear analysis technique is widely used for determining sea surface variability with Geosat altimeterdata from its Exact Repeat Mission(ERM).But most of the researches have been only on global scaleor in oceans deeper than 2000 m.In shallow shelf waters this method is hampered by the inaccuracy ofocean tide data supplied with Geosat Geophysical Data Records(GDRs).This work uses a modified collinearanalysis technique characterized by simultaneous separation of mean sea level and ocean tide with theleast squares method,to compute sea surface variability in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and eastern ChinaSeas.The mean sea level map obtained contains not ouly bathymetric but also dynamic features such asamphidromes,indicating considerable improvement over previous works.Our sea surface variability mapsshow clearly the main current system,the well-known Zhejiang coastal upwelling,and a northern East Chi-na Sea meso-scale eddy in good agreement with satellite sea surface temperature(SST)observation and | 陈戈 贺明霞 | 1994 | Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology1994，12，2： | 1 |
| 16 | GLOBAL OCEAN TIDES FROM GEOSAT ALTIMETRY BY QUASI-HARMONIC ANALYSIS显示文摘Global ocean tides data were derived from Geosat altimeter data by means of the Quasi Harmonic Constituent Method (QHCM). Tidal solutions with resolution of 1°/3 in longitude and latitude were obtained for constituents M 2, S 2, O 1, K 1, M 4 and MS 4. The mean sea heights above the reference ellipsoid were also obtained consequently. The obtained tidal constants were compared with those from deep sea and island tide gauge data. The rms differences between the harmonic constants derived from Geosat altimetry and deep sea tide gauges for M 2, S 2, O 1 and K 1 ranged from 1.4 cm to 2.6 cm, although the GM altimeter data have significant errors due to instrument malfunction and other reasons. M 2 tide obtained was the most accurate one among all the tides. Comparison also showed that island tidal constants cannot represent well the tidal distribution in the ocean near the island, because of the significant local effect on tides. | 方越 崔秉昊 方国洪 | 2000 | Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2000，18，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Recent Progress on Hydrogeodesy in China显示文摘Modern geodetic technologies,including high-precision ground-based gravity measurements,satellite gravimetry,satellite altimetry,Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR),offer a wealth of observations for monitoring global hydrological processes with exceptional accuracy and spatio-temporal resolutions.Mass redistribution and Earth’s surface deformation over land related to global and regional water cycling can be inferred from modern gravimetry,altimetry,GNSS,and InSAR techniques.Hydrogeodesy becomes an emerging field of geodesy aiming to analyze the changes of water in the Earth system.The paper introduces the China’s advances in hydrogeodesy in recent years.It brings together multiple geodetic teams’work from China,showcasing the application of modern geodetic technologies in the field of hydrology,including research on terrestrial water storage,groundwater storage,glaciers/ice sheets,and reservoir water storage. | Wei FENG Yuhao XIONG Shuang YI Bo ZHONG Xiaodong CHEN Yulong ZHONG Yuanjin PAN Lin LIU Wei WANG Min ZHONG | 2023 | Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science2023，6，3： | 0 |
| 18 | Estimating trends of the Mediterranean Sea level changes from tide gauge and satellite altimetry data (1993-2015)显示文摘The impact of climate change on sea level has received a great deal of attention by scientists worldwide. In this context, the problem of sea levels on global and regional scales have been analyzed in a number of studies based on tide gauges observations and satellite altimetry measurements. This study focuses on trend estimates from 18 high-quality tide gauge stations along the Mediterranean Sea coast. The seasonal Mann-Kendall test was run at a 5% significance level for each of the 18 stations for the period of 1993-2015 (satellite altimetry era). The results of this test indicate that the trends for 17 stations were statistically significant and showed an increase (no significant trend was observed only at one station). The rates of sea level change for the 17 stations that exhibit significant trends, estimated using seasonal Sen's approach, range after correction for Vertical Land Motion (VLM) from 1.48 to 8.72 mm/a for the period 1993-2015. Furthermore, the magnitude of change at the location of each tide gauge station was estimated using the satellite altimetry measurements. Thus, the results obtained agree with those from the tide-gauge data analysis. | TAIBI Hebib HADDAD Mahdi | 2019 | Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2019，37，4： | 0 |
| 19 | Application of satellite altimetry technique in marine gravity surveying显示文摘Satellite altimetry can provide the geoid in ocean areas with a level of precision of about 10 cm. Such a precise geoid offers a good opportunity for studying the marine gravity field. The basic mathematical model and theory of the satellite altimetry were introduced briefly and firstly. Then the inverse Hotine method to derive gravity disturbances from satellite altimetry was presented. Meanwhile the inversion of marine gravity in Chinese coastal waters from Topex/Poseidon satellite altimetry data was tested, and the RMS between the gravity disturbance from the OSU91A model and satellite altimetry data inversing is about 12.76 mGal. Finally, some problems which are in inversing procedure were discussed, i e, integration singularity, edge effect etc. And it is conluded that the accuracy of the inversing gravity method can reach only a few mGal if proper treatment of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) edge effect is employed. | XU Wei-ming, LIANG Kai-long, LIANG De-qing, ZHU Mu-hua, ZHANG Li-hua (Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, China) | 2005 | 中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版2005，15，S1： | 0 |
| 20 | Impact of tropospheric modelling on GNSS vertical precision:an empirical analysis based on a local active network显示文摘The troposphere affects Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)signals due to the variability of the refractive index.Tropospheric delay is a function of the satellite elevation angle and the altitude of the GNSS receiver and depends on the atmospheric parameters.If the residual tropospheric delay is not modelled carefully a bias error will occur in the vertical component.In order to analyse the precise altimetric positioning based on a local active network,four scenarios in Southern Spain with different topographical,environmental,and meteorological conditions are presented,considering both favourable and non-favourable conditions.The use of surface meteorological observations allows us to take into account the tropospheric conditions instead of a standard atmosphere,but introduces a residual tropospheric bias which reduces the accuracy of precise GNSS positioning.Thus,with short observation times it is recommended not to estimate troposphere parameters,but to use an a priori model together with the standard atmosphere.The results confirm that it is possible to achieve centimetre-scale vertical accuracy and precision with real time kinematic positioning even with large elevation differences with respect to the nearest reference stations.These numerical results may be taken into consideration for improving the altimetric configuration of the local active network. | MªSelmira Garrido MªClara de Lacy Ana MªRojas | 2018 | International Journal of Digital Earth2018，11，9： | 0 |
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