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| 1 | 南京葫芦洞石笋微量元素记录的末次冰消期气候变化显示文摘采用Avaatech型岩芯X射线荧光光谱扫描仪技术,对发育有连续3900年纹层(18.3~14.4ka B.P.时段)的南京葫芦洞YT石笋进行了Sr,Ba和Pb微量元素分析。选择Sr/Ca,Ba/Ca和Pb/Ca作为代用指标,研究了末次冰消期洞穴地点岩溶水文条件和气候变化特征。Ba/Ca和Pb/Ca值从大约17.5ka B.P.开始呈现出减小的趋势变化,而Sr/Ca呈现出在大约16.1ka B.P.发生转折的'V'型演化趋势。Sr/Ca反映了岩溶水在上覆围岩中的滞留时间(与夏季降水相关),而Ba/Ca和Pb/Ca指示了土壤及其基岩的本底值和淋滤作用强度。Sr/Ca比值与纹层厚度、δ^(13)C记录在数百年-千年尺度上呈现一致的变化,共同指示了南京葫芦洞地点有效湿度的变化过程,与δ^(18)O的对应性表明葫芦洞石笋δ^(18)O可以指示当地季风降雨量的变化过程。此外,石笋Ba/Ca和PbCa与格陵兰粉尘和Ca^(2+)记录在长期趋势上呈现一致变化,表明该类元素比值主要反映与冬季风强度密切相关的粉尘活动强度变化。研究结果表明,东亚冬、夏季风对神秘期内发生的冰漂碎屑事件(H1a,16.1ka B.P.和H1b,17.5ka B.P.)具有不同的响应方式。Ba/Ca和Pb/Ca序列的功率谱分别呈现出66a、35a、23a、14a和61a、46a、22a、19a、17a、15a周期,说明北大西洋涛动和太阳活动影响着冬季风强度的高频变化。 | 张伟宏 汪永进 吴江滢 段福才 | 2014 | 第四纪研究2014，34，6： | 17 |
| 2 | Formulation of a new ocean salinity boundary condition and impact on the simulated climate of an oceanic general circulation model显示文摘The salinity boundary condition at the ocean surface plays an important role in the stability of long-term integrations of an oceanic general circulation model(OGCM) and in determining its equilibrium solutions.This study presents a new formulation of the salt flux calculation at the ocean surface based on physical processes of salt exchange at the air-sea interface.The formulation improves the commonly used virtual salt flux with constant reference salinity by allowing for spatial correlations between surface freshwater flux and sea-surface salinity while preserving the conservation of global salinity.The new boundary condition is implemented in the latest version of the National Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics Climate Ocean Model version 2(LICOM2.0).The impact of the new boundary condition on the equilibrium simulations of the model is presented.It is shown that the new formulation leads to a stronger Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC) that is closer to observational estimates.It also slightly improves poleward heat transport by the oceans in both the Atlantic and the global oceans. | JIN JiangBo ZENG QingCun WU Lin LIU HaiLong ZHANG MingHua | 2017 | Science China Earth Sciences2017，60，3： | 7 |
| 3 | 湖北高分辨率石笋记录的DO18事件特征显示文摘研究冰量较大时期千年尺度事件的区域响应和结构特征有助于进一步理解和验证千年尺度事件的驱动机制。基于湖北永兴洞一支石笋的5个高精度230Th年龄和323个氧同位素数据,重建了Dansgaard-Oeschger(DO)18事件发生时高分辨率的东亚水文循环变化的过程和特征。结合同一洞穴另两支石笋记录,发现永兴洞石笋δ18O在~64.7 ka迅速负偏1.5‰,指示在MIS4阶段东亚季风区确实发生了持续时间较短的DO18事件。石笋δ18O结果精确标定了DO18事件的结束时间为~63.0 ka,结束过程呈现出5个百年尺度的季风增强振荡。在形态特征上,不同于格陵兰冰芯DO18事件的快速开始和快速结束(~60 a)的对称变化,季风区DO18事件呈现出快速增强但缓慢结束(持续达1500 a)的显著不对称特征。但是,石笋δ18O与北大西洋温盐环流(AMOC)变化在形态特征和持续时间上高度一致,暗示了AMOC对东亚季风区DO事件的重要调控作用。DO18事件时东亚季风与北大西洋气候的不同结构特征可归于高低纬气候系统对AMOC响应方式的差异。石笋δ18O功率谱结果呈现出208a、150 a、52 a和14~12 a的变化周期,分别接近于太阳活动的207 a、149 a、57 a和11 a周期,说明在冰量较大的MIS4阶段太阳活动仍控制着东亚季风短尺度的波动。 | 张伟宏 廖泽波 陈仕涛 邵庆丰 段福才 朱丽东 王天阳 | 2018 | 沉积学报2018，36，4： | 6 |
| 4 | Sensitivity of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to the Dynamical Framework in an Ocean General Circulation Model显示文摘The horizontal coordinate systems commonly used in most global ocean models are the spherical latitude–longitude grid and displaced poles, such as a tripolar grid. The effect of the horizontal coordinate system on Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC) is evaluated by using an OGCM(ocean general circulation model). Two experiments are conducted with the model—one using a latitude–longitude grid(referred to as Lat_1) and the other using a tripolar grid(referred to as Tri). The results show that Tri simulates a stronger North Atlantic deep water(NADW) than Lat_1, as more saline water masses enter the Greenland–Iceland–Norwegian(GIN) seas in Tri. The stronger NADW can be attributed to two factors. One is the removal of the zonal filter in Tri, which leads to an increasing of the zonal gradient of temperature and salinity, thus strengthening the north geostrophic flow. In turn, it decreases the positive subsurface temperature and salinity biases in the subtropical regions. The other may be associated with topography at the North Pole, because realistic topography is applied in the tripolar grid while the latitude–longitude grid employs an artificial island around the North Pole. In order to evaluate the effect of the filter on AMOC, three enhanced filter experiments are carried out. Compared to Lat_1, an enhanced filter can also augment NADW formation, since more saline water is suppressed in the GIN seas, but accumulated in the Labrador Sea,especially in experiment Lat_2_S, which is the experiment with an enhanced filter on salinity. | Xiaolan LI Yongqiang YU Hailong LIU Pengfei LIN | 2017 | Journal of Meteorological Research2017，31，3： | 4 |
| 5 | 基于石笋记录的小冰期与“8.2 ka BP”事件的对比研究显示文摘全新世气候突变事件是全球变化研究的热点,但对其行为特征与动力学机制的认识仍存在不足。本文选取贵州董哥洞2支高分辨率、高精度定年的石笋(DX1和DA)δ^(18)O记录,分析小冰期和'8.2 ka BP'事件期间亚洲夏季风强度变化的结构特征与其驱动机制。通过两个突变事件的精细对比,发现两者在持续时间、振荡幅度和转型特征等方面均有很好的相似性,尤其是均显示出'两谷一峰'的结构性特征。北高纬地区淡水注入导致大西洋经向翻转流(AMOC)的减弱可能是触发'8.2 ka BP'事件的重要驱动力,这暗示具有相似结构特征的小冰期弱季风事件可能也响应于AMOC机制。将小冰期时期石笋δ^(18)O记录与指示AMOC变化的北大西洋放射性碳数据进行对比,发现两者具有相似的变化过程,这表明在早晚全新世不同气候背景条件下,AMOC仍能够通过影响南北半球温度梯度的变化而影响低纬热带辐合带位置的移动,进而调控千-百年尺度低纬季风区水文循环的时空变化。 | 崔英方 董进国 赵侃 | 2019 | 中国岩溶2019，38，1： | 3 |
| 6 | 北大西洋高纬度海区湍流热通量对全球增暖的响应显示文摘大西洋经向翻转环流(the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation,AMOC)由低纬输送大量热量至高纬度北大西洋海区,并通过热通量由海洋输送给大气,主导了附近区域的气候形态,并对北半球尺度的气候变化产生显著影响。本文根据CMIP5多模式多增暖情景的预估模拟结果,通过与增暖前控制试验的对比发现,全球增暖可导致该海区湍流热通量的减小,且减小的幅度随增暖强度增大,模拟结果与观测一致。进一步研究发现,热通量的减小存在季节差异,冬季的减小幅度远大于夏季。结合淡水扰动试验的分析表明,全球增暖下AMOC强度的减弱导致大西洋经向热输送减少,进而导致高纬度北大西洋海洋向大气的热输送减小。 | 程军 张瑾 | 2017 | 大气科学学报2017，40，6： | 2 |
| 7 | Tropical Atlantic Climate Response to Different Freshwater Input in High Latitudes with an Ocean-Only General Circulation Model显示文摘Tropical Atlantic climate change is relevant to the variation of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC) through different physical processes. Previous coupled climate model simulation suggested a dipole-like SST structure cooling over the North Atlantic and warming over the South Tropical Atlantic in response to the slowdown of the AMOC. Using an ocean-only global ocean model here, an attempt was made to separate the total influence of various AMOC change scenarios into an oceanicinduced component and an atmospheric-induced component. In contrast with previous freshwater-hosing experiments with coupled climate models, the ocean-only modeling presented here shows a surface warming in the whole tropical Atlantic region and the oceanic-induced processes may play an important role in the SST change in the equatorial south Atlantic. Our result shows that the warming is partly governed by oceanic process through the mechanism of oceanic gateway change, which operates in the regime where freshwater forcing is strong, exceeding 0.3 Sv. Strong AMOC change is required for the gateway mechanism to work in our model because only when the AMOC is sufficiently weak, the North Brazil Undercurrent can flow equatorward, carrying warm and salty north Atlantic subtropical gyre water into the equatorial zone. This threshold is likely to be model-dependent. An improved understanding of these issues may have help with abrupt climate change prediction later. | MEN Guang WAN Xiuquan LIU Zedong | 2016 | Journal of Ocean University of China2016，15，5： | 2 |
| 8 | Surface Temperature Changes Projected by FGOALS Models under Low Warming Scenarios in CMIP5 and CMIP6显示文摘To meet the low warming targets proposed in the 2015 Paris Agreement,substantial reduction in carbon emissions is needed in the future.It is important to know how surface climates respond under low warming targets.The present study investigates the surface temperature changes under the low-forcing scenario of Representative Concentration Pathways(RCP2.6)and its updated version(Shared Socioeconomic Pathways,SSP1-2.6)by the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System(FGOALS)models participating in phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5 and CMIP6,respectively).In both scenarios,radiative forcing(RF)first increases to a peak of 3 W m^−2 around 2045 and then decreases to 2.6 W m^−2 by 2100.Global mean surface air temperature rises in all FGOALS models when RF increases(RF increasing stage)and declines or holds nearly constant when RF decreases(RF decreasing stage).The surface temperature change is distinct in its sign and magnitude between the RF increasing and decreasing stages over the land,Arctic,North Atlantic subpolar region,and Southern Ocean.Besides,the regional surface temperature change pattern displays pronounced model-to-model spread during both the RF increasing and decreasing stages,mainly due to large intermodel differences in climatological surface temperature,ice-albedo feedback,natural variability,and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation change.The pattern of tropical precipitation change is generally anchored by the spatial variations of relative surface temperature change(deviations from the tropical mean value)in the FGOALS models.Moreover,the projected changes in the updated FGOALS models are closer to the multi-model ensemble mean results than their predecessors,suggesting that there are noticeable improvements in the future projections of FGOALS models from CMIP5 to CMIP6. | Shang-Min LONG Kai-Ming HU Gen LI Gang HUANG Xia QU | 2021 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2021，38，2： | 1 |
| 9 | CAS-ESM2.0 Dataset for the Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Intercomparison Project(CDRMIP)显示文摘Understanding the response of the Earth system to varying concentrations of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is critical for projecting possible future climate change and for providing insight into mitigation and adaptation strategies in the near future.In this study,we generate a dataset by conducting an experiment involving carbon dioxide removal(CDR)—a potential way to suppress global warming—using the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model version 2.0(CASESM2.0).A preliminary evaluation is provided.The model is integrated from 200–340 years as a 1%yr^(−1) CO_(2) concentration increase experiment,and then to~478 years as a carbon dioxide removal experiment until CO_(2) returns to its original value.Finally,another 80 years is integrated in which CO_(2) is kept constant.Changes in the 2-m temperature,precipitation,sea surface temperature,ocean temperature,Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC),and sea surface height are all analyzed.In the ramp-up period,the global mean 2-m temperature and precipitation both increase while the AMOC weakens.Values of all the above variables change in the opposite direction in the ramp-down period,with a delayed peak relative to the CO_(2) peak.After CO_(2) returns to its original value,the global mean 2-m temperature is still~1 K higher than in the original state,and precipitation is~0.07 mm d^(–1) higher.At the end of the simulation,there is a~0.5°C increase in ocean temperature and a 1 Sv weakening of the AMOC.Our model simulation produces similar results to those of comparable experiments previously reported in the literature. | Jiangbo JIN Duoying JI Xiao DONG Kece FEI Run GUO Juanxiong HE Yi YU Zhaoyang CHAI He ZHANG Dongling ZHANG Kangjun CHEN Qingcun ZENG | 2024 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2024，41，5： | 0 |
| 10 | CAS-ESM2.0 Model Datasets for the CMIP6 Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project (FAFMIP)显示文摘The second version of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model(CAS-ESM2.0)is participating in the Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project(FAFMIP)experiments in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).The purpose of FAFMIP is to understand and reduce the uncertainty of ocean climate changes in response to increased CO2 forcing in atmosphere-ocean general circulation models(AOGCMs),including the simulations of ocean heat content(OHC)change,ocean circulation change,and sea level rise due to thermal expansion.FAFMIP experiments(including faf-heat,faf-stress,faf-water,faf-all,faf-passiveheat,faf-heat-NA50pct and faf-heat-NA0pct)have been conducted.All of the experiments were integrated over a 70-year period and the corresponding data have been uploaded to the Earth System Grid Federation data server for CMIP6 users to download.This paper describes the experimental design and model datasets and evaluates the preliminary results of CAS-ESM2.0 simulations of ocean climate changes in the FAFMIP experiments.The simulations of the changes in global ocean temperature,Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC),OHC,and dynamic sea level(DSL),are all reasonably reproduced. | Jiangbo JIN He ZHANG Xiao DONG Hailong LIU Minghua ZHANG Xin GAO Juanxiong HE Zhaoyang CHAI Qingcun ZENG Guangqing ZHOU Zhaohui LIN Yi YU Pengfei LIN Ruxu LIAN Yongqiang YU Mirong SONG Dongling ZHANG | 2021 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2021，38，2： | 0 |
| 11 | CAS-ESM2.0 Model Datasets for the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project Phase 1 (OMIP1)显示文摘As a member of the Chinese modeling groups,the coupled ocean-ice component of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’Earth System Model,version 2.0(CAS-ESM2.0),is taking part in the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project Phase 1(OMIP1)experiment of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).The simulation was conducted,and monthly outputs have been published on the ESGF(Earth System Grid Federation)data server.In this paper,the experimental dataset is introduced,and the preliminary performances of the ocean model in simulating the global ocean temperature,salinity,sea surface temperature,sea surface salinity,sea surface height,sea ice,and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC)are evaluated.The results show that the model is at quasi-equilibrium during the integration of 372 years,and performances of the model are reasonable compared with observations.This dataset is ready to be downloaded and used by the community in related research,e.g.,multi-ocean-sea-ice model performance evaluation and interannual variation in oceans driven by prescribed atmospheric forcing. | Xiao DONG Jiangbo JIN Hailong LIU He ZHANG Minghua ZHANG Pengfei LIN Qingcun ZENG Guangqing ZHOU Yongqiang YU Mirong SONG Zhaohui LIN Ruxu LIAN Xin GAO Juanxiong HE Dongling ZHANG Kangjun CHEN | 2021 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2021，38，2： | 0 |
| 12 | Evaluation of the Mechanisms Acting on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in CESM2 for the 1pctCO_(2) Experiment显示文摘The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC)is a crucial component of the Earth’s climate system due to its fundamental role in heat distribution,carbon and oxygen transport,and the weather.Other climate components,such as the atmosphere and sea ice,influence the AMOC.Evaluating the physical mechanisms of those interactions is paramount to increasing knowledge about AMOC’s functioning.In this study,the authors used outputs from the Community Earth System Model version 2 and observational data to investigate changes in theAMOC and the associated physical processes.Two DECK experiments were evaluated:piControl and 1pctCO_(2),with an annual increase of 1%of atmospheric CO_(2).The analysis revealed a significant decrease in the AMOC,associated with changes in mixed layer depth and buoyancy in high latitudes of the North Atlantic,resulting in the shutdown of deep convection and potentially affecting the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic Bottom Water.A vital aspect observed in this study is the association between increased runoff and reduced water evaporation,giving rise to a positive feedback process.Consequently,the rates of freshwater spreading have intensified during this period,which could lead to an accelerated disruption of the AMOC beyond the projections of existing models. | Lívia Sancho Elisa Passos Marcio Cataldi Luiz Paulo de Freitas Assad Luiz Landau | 2024 | Journal of Atmospheric Science Research2024，7，1： | 0 |
| 13 | Plausible Effect of Weather on Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation with a Coupled General Circulation Model显示文摘The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC) is a vital component of the global ocean circulation and the heat engine of the climate system. Through the use of a coupled general circulation model, this study examines the role of synoptic systems on the AMOC and presents evidence that internally generated high-frequency, synoptic-scale weather variability in the atmosphere could play a significant role in maintaining the overall strength and variability of the AMOC, thereby affecting climate variability and change. Results of a novel coupling technique show that the strength and variability of the AMOC are greatly reduced once the synoptic weather variability is suppressed in the coupled model. The strength and variability of the AMOC are closely linked to deep convection events at high latitudes, which could be strongly affected by the weather variability. Our results imply that synoptic weather systems are important in driving the AMOC and its variability. Thus, interactions between atmospheric weather variability and AMOC may be an important feedback mechanism of the global climate system and need to be taken into consideration in future climate change studies. | LIU Zedong WAN Xiuquan | 2018 | Journal of Ocean University of China2018，17，2： | 0 |
| 14 | 大西洋经向翻转环流的演变特征及其对北半球地表气温的热动力影响显示文摘综合现代观测、历史代用资料和气候模式模拟,本文综述了大西洋经向翻转环流(AMOC)的过去、现在和未来的演变特征,以及AMOC对区域和半球尺度地表气温(SAT)的影响.代用资料重建结果表明,AMOC从19世纪末开始减弱,20世纪整体减弱,但信度较低.直接观测结果显示,2004~2016年间AMOC减弱,但无法区分出其年代际变化和长期趋势.气候模式预测可知,若温室气体排放持续增加,AMOC未来将会减弱,但在2100年前不会出现突然的崩溃.AMOC的热力作用表现为,强AMOC导致北大西洋海表面热通量释放和经向热输送增强,造成半球尺度SAT增加,千年尺度的气候冷(暖)期对应AMOC减弱(增强).强AMOC的经向热输送能够影响北极增暖,并通过北极海冰和AMOC之间的互反馈作用影响区域SAT异常和极端温度.在动力方面,强AMOC调制源自北大西洋沿北半球中高纬度地区传播的罗斯贝波活动,引起乌拉尔和西伯利亚地区的环流异常变率增加,对欧亚大陆中高纬地区极端冷、暖事件发生频率均有显著影响.此外,AMOC也可以通过对行星尺度环流的动力调整影响区域和全球地表气温异常.多年代际AMOC变率与大西洋多年代际振荡(AMO)也密切相关,AMO和AMOC正位相阶段,增强的北大西洋海表面热通量导致北半球的地表异常变暖,反之亦然.未来高排放的情景下,淡水通量强迫使AMOC崩溃的可能性增大,但大多数先进的气候模式低估了AMOC的强度和对AMO的作用及其气候影响,这给未来理解和预测AMOC及其气候效应带来了重大挑战. | 王欢 左志燕 张楷文 步露蕾 肖栋 | 2023 | 中国科学:地球科学2023，53，6： | 0 |
| 15 | Evolution characteristics of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and its thermodynamic and dynamic effects on surface air temperature in the Northern Hemisphere显示文摘Based on modern observations,historical proxy data,and climate model simulations,this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the past,present and future evolution characteristics of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC),as well as its impact on the surface air temperature(SAT)at regional and hemispherical scales.The reconstruction results based on the proxy data indicate that the AMOC has weakened since the late 19th century and experienced overall weakening throughout the 20th century with low confidence.Direct observations show that the AMOC weakened during 2004–2016,but it is not possible to distinguish between its decadal variability and long-term trend.Climate models predict that if greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase,AMOC will weaken in the future,but there will not be a sudden collapse before 2100.For the thermodynamic effects of AMOC,the increased surface heat flux release and meridional heat transport(MHT)over the North Atlantic associated with the strong AMOC cause an increase in the hemispherical SAT.At the millennial scale,climate cooling(warming)periods correspond to a weakened(strengthened)AMOC.The enhanced MHT of a strong AMOC can affect Arctic warming and thus influence regional SAT anomalies and SAT extremes through mutual feedback between Arctic sea ice and AMOC.In terms of dynamic effects,a strong AMOC modulates the Rossby wave trains originating from the North Atlantic and spreading across mid-to-high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere and causes an increase in the variabilities in the circulation anomalies over the Ural and Siberian regions.Ultimately,a strong AMOC significantly affects the frequencies of extreme cold and warm events in the mid-to-high latitude regions over Eurasia.In addition,AMOC can also influence regional and global SAT anomalies through its dynamic adjustment of planetary-scale circulation.Decadal variation in AMOC is closely related to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO).During positive phases of AMO and AMOC,enhanced surface heat fluxes over the North Atlantic lead to abnormal warming in the Northern Hemisphere,while during negative phases,the reverse case occurs.Under high emission scenarios in the future,the possibility of AMOC collapse increases due to freshwater forcing.However,most advanced climate models underestimate the strength of the AMOC and its impact on the AMO and relevant climate change,which presents a major challenge for future understanding and prediction of the AMOC and its climate effects. | Huan WANG Zhiyan ZUO Kaiwen ZHANG Lulei BU Dong XIAO | 2023 | Science China Earth Sciences2023，66，6： | 0 |
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