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| 1 | 中医药辨证治疗急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病随机对照试验疗效评价指标的系统评价显示文摘目的:在系统评价中医药辨证治疗急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(AECOPD)随机对照试验临床疗效基础上探讨其疗效评价指标的选择和使用。方法:计算机检索CBM、CNKI、VIP、万方数据库、Cochrane图书馆、PubMed和Embase数据库,收集公开发表中医药辨证治疗AECOPD随机对照试验的临床研究,由两位研究者按照纳入标准独立筛选文献、提取资料后,应用RevMan5.1软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入73篇相关文献,Meta分析结果显示中医辨证治疗能提高AECOPD患者的临床疗效和中医证候疗效,改善临床症状、肺功能,提高氧分压,降低二氧化碳分压,降低白细胞计数和CRP水平;疗效评价指标使用较多的有临床疗效、证候疗效、肺功能、血气分析、血常规、C反应蛋白、临床症状体征、中医证候积分等,其余如生活质量、影像学评价、住院时间和6 min步行距离等则相对较少。结论:中医药辨证治疗AECOPD具有较好的临床疗效,但由于纳入研究的质量不高,仍需开展大样本、多中心、方法科学的高质量临床试验;临床疗效评价指标的选用仍不规范,疗效指标的选择应根据临床研究的目的不同而有所侧重,另外还应体现中医药的临床特点。 | 张海龙 王明航 李风雷 王海峰 余学庆 李建生 | 2013 | 中医学报2013，28，6： | 53 |
| 2 | A new approach to water resources system assessment——set pair analysis method显示文摘Most traditional assessment methods, which have complicated mathematic formulas, are difficult for calculation and application in water resources system assessment. A new approach to water resources system assessment, the set pair analysis method (SPAM), has been proposed based on the principle of set pair analysis (SPA). The basic ideals and steps of SPAM are discussed. The proposed method can take fuzzy property of threshold values for grade standards into full account and avoid determining the discrepancy uncertainty coefficient i or i1, i2, i3, … in SPA. The presented method is simple in concept, convenient to calculate and feasible for application. Two case studies of water resources assessment have been made. The results show that the proposed method is satisfactory. | WANG WenSheng JIN JuLiang DING Jing LI YueQing | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，10： | 43 |
| 3 | Autonomous air combat maneuver decision using Bayesian inference and moving horizon optimization显示文摘To reach a higher level of autonomy for unmanned combat aerial vehicle(UCAV) in air combat games, this paper builds an autonomous maneuver decision system. In this system,the air combat game is regarded as a Markov process, so that the air combat situation can be effectively calculated via Bayesian inference theory. According to the situation assessment result,adaptively adjusts the weights of maneuver decision factors, which makes the objective function more reasonable and ensures the superiority situation for UCAV. As the air combat game is characterized by highly dynamic and a significant amount of uncertainty,to enhance the robustness and effectiveness of maneuver decision results, fuzzy logic is used to build the functions of four maneuver decision factors. Accuracy prediction of opponent aircraft is also essential to ensure making a good decision; therefore, a prediction model of opponent aircraft is designed based on the elementary maneuver method. Finally, the moving horizon optimization strategy is used to effectively model the whole air combat maneuver decision process. Various simulations are performed on typical scenario test and close-in dogfight, the results sufficiently demonstrate the superiority of the designed maneuver decision method. | HUANG Changqiang DONG Kangsheng HUANG Hanqiao TANG Shangqin ZHANG Zhuoran | 2018 | Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics2018，29，1： | 49 |
| 4 | Prognostic value of red blood cell distribution width for severe acute pancreatitis显示文摘BACKGROUND Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)is a common condition in the intensive care unit(ICU)and has a high mortality.Early evaluation of the severity and prognosis is very important for SAP therapy.Recently,red blood cell distribution(RDW)was associated with mortality of sepsis patients and could be used as a predictor of prognosis.Similarly,RDW may be associated with the prognosis of SAP patients and be used as a prognostic indicator for SAP patients.AIM To investigate the prognostic value of RDW for SAP patients.METHODS We retrospectively enrolled SAP patients admitted to the ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from June 2015 to June 2017.According to the prognosis at 90 d,SAP patients were divided into a survival group and a non-survival group.RDW was extracted from a routine blood test.Demographic parameters and RDW were recorded and compared between the two groups.The receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve was constructed and Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the prognostic value of RDW for SAP patients.RESULTS In this retrospective cohort study,42 SAP patients were enrolled,of whom 22 survived(survival group)and 20 died(non-survival group).The baseline parameters were comparable between the two groups.The coefficient of variation of RDW(RDW-CV),standard deviation of RDW(RDW-SD),Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II(APACHE II)score,and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score were significantly higher in the non-survival group than in the survival group(P<0.05).The RDW-CV and RDW-SD were significantly correlated with the APACHE II score and SOFA score,respectively.The areas under the ROC curves(AUCs)of RDW-CV and RDW-SD were all greater than those of the APACHE II score and SOFA score,among which,the AUC of RDW-SD was the greatest.The results demonstrated that RDW had better prognostic value for predicting the mortality of SAP patients.When the RDW-SD was greater than 45.5,the sensitivity for predicting prognosis was 77.8%and the specificity was 70.8%.Both RDW-CV and RDW-SD could be used as independent risk factors to predict the mortality of SAP patients in multivariate logistic regression analysis and univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis,similar to the APACHE II and SOFA scores.CONCLUSION The RDW is greater in the non-surviving SAP patients than in the surviving patients.RDW is significantly correlated with the APACHE II and SOFA scores.RDW has better prognostic value for SAP patients than the APACHE II and SOFA scores and could easily be used by clinicians for the treatment of SAP patients. | Fang-Xiao Zhang Zhi-Liang Li Zhi-Dan Zhang Xiao-Chun Ma | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，32： | 50 |
| 5 | Accuracy assessment of global historical cropland datasets based on regional reconstructed historical data——A case study in Northeast China显示文摘Historical cropland datasets are fundamental for quantifying the effects of human land use activities on climatic change and the carbon cycle. Two representative global land-use datasets, the Global Land Use Database (termed SAGE dataset) and the Historical Database of the Global Environment (termed HYDE dataset) have been established and used widely. Despite improvement of data quality and methodologies for extracting historical land use information, certain dataset limitations exist that need to be quantified and communicated to users so that they can make informed decisions on whether and how these land-use products should be used. The Cropland data of Northeast China (CNEC) is based on calibrated historical data and a multi-sourced data conversion model, and reconstructs cropland cover change in Northeast China over the last 300 years. Us- ing the CNEC as a reference, we evaluated the accuracy of cropland cover for SAGE and HYDE in Northeast China at spatial scales ranging from the entire Northeast China to provinces and even individual raster grid cells. Neither SAGE nor HYDE reflects real historical land reclamation. Cropland areas in SAGE are overestimated by 20.98 times in 1700 to 1.6 times in 1990. Although HYDE is better, there are significant disagreements in cropland area and distribution between HYDE and CNEC, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries. The proportion of total grid cells whose relative error was greater than 100% was 63.55% in 1700 and 53.27% in 1780. Global cropland dataset errors over Northeast China originate mainly from both the reverse calculation method for historical cropland data based on modern spatial patterns, and modern land-use outputs from satellite data. | Li BeiBei Fang XiuQi Ye Yu Zhang XueZhen | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，11： | 31 |
| 6 | Differences in symptoms and pre-hospital delay among acute myocardial infarction patients according to ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram: an analysis of China Acute Myocardial Infarction (CAMI) registry显示文摘Background: Approximately 70% patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) presented without ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram. Patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) often presented with atypical symptoms, which may be related to pre-hospital delay and increased risk of mortality. However, up to date few studies reported detailed symptomatology of NSTEMI, particularly among Asian patients. The objective of this study was to describe and compare symptoms and presenting characteristics of NSTEMI vs. STEMI patients. Methods: We enrolled 21,994 patients diagnosed with AMI from China Acute Myocardial Infarction (CAMI) Registry between January 2013 and September 2014. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to ST-segment elevation: ST-segment elevation (STEMI) group and NSTEMI group. We extracted data on patients' characteristics and detailed symptomatology and compared these variables between two groups. Results: Compared with patients with STEMI (N=16,315), those with NSTEMI (N=5679) were older, more often females and more often have comorbidities. Patients with NSTEMI were less likely to present with persistent chest pain (54.3% vs.71.4%), diaphoresis (48.6% vs.70.0%), radiation pain (26.4% vs.33.8%), and more likely to have chest distress (42.4% vs.38.3%) than STEMI patients (all P<0.0001). Patients with NSTEMI were also had longer time to hospital. In multivariable analysis, NSTEMI was independent predictor of presentation without chest pain (odds ratio: 1.974, 95% confidence interval:1.849-2.107). Conclusions: Patients with NSTEMI were more likely to present with chest distress and pre-hospital patient delay compared with patients with STEMI. It is necessary for both clinicians and patients to learn more about atypical symptoms of NSTEMI in order to rapidly recognize myocardial infarction. | Rui Fu Chen-Xi Song Ke-Fei Dou Jin-Gang Yang Hai-Yan Xu Xiao-Jin Gao Qian-Qian Liu Han Xu Yue-Jin Yang | 2019 | Chinese Medical Journal2019，，5： | 29 |
| 7 | Risk of transmission of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and related “superbugs” during gastrointestinal endoscopy显示文摘To evaluate the risk of transmission of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE) and their related superbugs during gastrointestinal(GI) endoscopy. Reports of outbreaks linked to GI endoscopes contami-nated with different types of infectious agents, includ-ing CRE and their related superbugs, were reviewed. Published during the past 30 years, both prior to and since CRE's emergence, these reports were obtained by searching the peer-reviewed medical literature(via the United States National Library of Medicine's 'MEDLINE' database); the Food and Drug Administration's Manu-facturer and User Facility Device Experience database, or 'MAUDE'; and the Internet(via Google's search engine). This review focused on an outbreak of CRE in 2013 following the GI endoscopic procedure known as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, or ERCP, performed at 'Hospital X' located in the sub-urbs of Chicago(IL; United States). Part of the largest outbreak of CRE in United States history, the infection and colonization of 10 and 28 of this hospital's patients, respectively, received considerable media attention and was also investigated by the Centers for Disease Con-trol and Prevention(CDC), which published a report about this outbreak in Morbidity and Mortality WeeklyReport(MMWR), in 2014. This report, along with the results of an independent inspection of Hospital X's in-fection control practices following this CRE outbreak, were also reviewed. While this article focuses primar-ily on the prevention of transmissions of CRE and their related superbugs in the GI endoscopic setting, some of its discussion and recommendations may also apply to other healthcare settings, to other types of flexible endoscopes, and to other types of transmissible infec-tious agents. This review found that GI endoscopy is an important risk factor for the transmission of CRE and their related superbugs, having been recently as-sociated with patient morbidity and mortality following ERCP. The CDC reported in MMWR that the type of GI endoscope, known as an ERCP endoscope, that Hospi-tal X used to perform ERCP in 2013 on the 38 patients who became infected or colonized with CRE might be particularly challenging to clean and disinfect, because of the complexity of its physical design. If performed in strict accordance with the endoscope manufacturer's labeling, supplemented as needed with professional organizations' published guidelines, however, current practices for reprocessing GI endoscopes, which include high-level disinfection, are reportedly adequate for the prevention of transmission of CRE and their related superbugs. Several recommendations are provided to prevent CRE transmissions in the healthcare setting. CRE transmissions are not limited to contaminated GI endoscopes and also have been linked to other reusable flexible endoscopic instrumentation, including broncho-scopes and cystoscopes. In conclusion, contaminated GI endoscopes, particularly those used during ERCP, have been causally linked to outbreaks of CRE and their related superbugs, with associated patient morbidity and mortality. Thorough reprocessing of these complex reusable instruments is necessary to prevent disease transmission and ensure patient safety during GI endos-copy. Enhanced training and monitoring of reprocessing staffers to verify the proper cleaning and brushing of GI endoscopes, especially the area around, behind andnear the forceps elevator located at the distal end othe ERCP endoscope, are recommended. If the ERCPendoscope features a narrow and exposed channel thathouses a wire connecting the GI endoscope's controhead to this forceps elevator, then this channel's com-plete reprocessing, including its flushing with a deter-gent using a procedure validated for effectiveness, is also emphasized. | Lawrence F Muscarella | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，10： | 26 |
| 8 | Study on real working performance and overload safety factor of high arch dam显示文摘Considering the fact that high arch dams have problems such as complicated stress,high cost,and hazards after being damaged,this paper intends to study the effects of load,material strength,and safety analysis method on dam safety and working performance of arch dams.In this article,the effects of temperature,self weight exaction way and water loading on structure response are first discussed,and a more reasonable way of considering is then put forward.By taking into consideration the mechanical property of materials and comparing the effects of different yield criteria on overloading safety of high arch dams,this paper concludes that brittle characteristics of concrete should be fully considered when conducting safety assessment for high arch dams to avoid overestimating the bearing capacity of the dams.By comparing several typical projects,this paper works out a safety assessment system of multiple safety and relevant engineering analogical analysis methods,which is closer to the actual situation,and thus is able to assess the response of high arch dam structure in a more comprehensive way,elicit the safety coefficients in different situations,and provide a new way of considering the safety assessment of high arch dams. | ZHANG GuoXin,LIU Yi & ZHOU QiuJing Department of Structures and Materials,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，S2： | 25 |
| 9 | Nutrition management in acute pancreatitis: Clinical practice consideration显示文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common gastrointestinal disease and the leading cause of hospital admission and healthcare burden among gastrointestinal disorders in many countries.Patients can present with varying degrees of inflammation and disease severity,ranging from self-limiting mild AP to devastating and fatal severe AP.Many factors contribute to malnutrition in AP,especially abnormal metabolism and catabolism related to inflammation.The concept of“pancreatic rest”is not evidence-based.There is however,emerging evidence that supports the use of oral or enteral nutrition to improve nutrition status and to reduce local and systemic inflammation,complications,and death.In mild disease,patients are generally able to initiate solid oral diet and do not require specialized nutrition care such as enteral or parenteral nutrition.In contrast,nutrition interventions are imperative in moderately severe and severe AP.The current article aims to review the latest evidence and suggest practical nutrition interventions in patients with AP,including nutrition requirements,routes of nutrition treatment,types of formula,and the role of nutritional supplements,such as glutamine,probiotics,omega-3 fatty acids,and antioxidants. | Narisorn Lakananurak Leah Gramlich | 2020 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2020，8，9： | 25 |
| 10 | Assessment and sequencing of air target threat based on intuitionistic fuzzy entropy and dynamic VIKOR显示文摘In view of the fact that traditional air target threat assessment methods are difficult to reflect the combat characteristics of uncertain, dynamic and hybrid formation, an algorithm is proposed to solve the multi-target threat assessment problems. The target attribute weight is calculated by the intuitionistic fuzzy entropy(IFE) algorithm and the time series weight is gained by the Poisson distribution method based on multi-times data. Finally,assessment and sequencing of the air multi-target threat model based on IFE and dynamic Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje(VIKOR) is established with an example which indicates that the method is reasonable and effective. | ZHANG Kun KONG Weiren LIU Peipei SHI Jiao LEI Yu ZOU Jie | 2018 | Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics2018，29，2： | 24 |
| 11 | Prevention of stress-related ulcer bleeding at the intensive care unit: Risks and benefits of stress ulcer prophylaxis显示文摘Stress-related mucosal disease is a typical complication of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit(ICU). It poses a risk of clinically relevant upper gastrointestinal(GI) bleeding. Therefore, stress ulcer prophylaxis(SUP)is recommended in high-risk patients, especially those mechanically ventilated > 48 h and those with a manifest coagulopathy. Proton pump inhibitors(PPI) and, less effectively, histamine 2 receptor antagonists(H2RA) prevent GI bleeding in critically ill patients in the ICU. However, the routine use of pharmacological SUP does not reduce overall mortality in ICU patients. Moreover, recent studies revealed that SUP in the ICU might be associated with potential harm such as an increased risk of infectious complications, especially nosocomial pneumonia and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Additionally, special populations such as patients with liver cirrhosis may even have an increased mortality rate if treated with PPI. Likewise, PPI can be toxic for both the liver and the bone marrow, and some PPI show clinically relevant interactions with important other drugs like clopidogrel. Therefore, the agent of choice, the specific balance of risks and benefits for individual patients as well as the possible dose of PPI has to be chosen carefully. Alternatives to PPI prophylaxis include H2 RA and/or sucralfate. Instead of routine SUP, further trials should investigate risk-adjusted algorithms, balancing benefits and threats of SUP medication in the ICU. | Lukas Buendgens Alexander Koch Frank Tacke | 2016 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2016，5，1： | 24 |
| 12 | Fundamental Theories and Key Technologies for Smart andOptimal Manufacturing in the Process Industry显示文摘Given the significant requirements for transforming and promoting the process industry, we present themajor limitations of current petrochemical enterprises, including limitations in decision-making, produc-tion operation, efficiency and security, information integration, and so forth. To promote a vision of theprocess industry with efficient, green, and smart production, modern information technology should beutilized throughout the entire optimization process for production, management, and marketing. To focuson smart equipment in manufacturing processes, as well as on the adaptive intelligent optimization of themanufacturing process, operating mode, and supply chain management, we put forward several key scien-tific problems in engineering in a demand-driven and application-oriented manner, namely:intelligentsensing and integration of all process information, including production and management information; collaborative decision-making in the supply chain, industry chain, and value chain, driven by knowledge; cooperative control and optimization of plant-wide production processes via human-cyber-physical in-teraction; and Q life-cycle assessments for safety and environmental footprint monitoring, in addition totracing analysis and risk control. In order to solve these limitations and core scientific problems, we furtherpresent fundamental theories and key technologies for smart and optimal manufacturing in the processindustry. Although this paper discusses the process industry in China, the conclusions in this paper can beextended to the larocess industry around the world. | Feng Qian Weimin Zhong Wenli Du | 2017 | Engineering2017，3，2： | 23 |
| 13 | Clinical study of anesthetization by dezocine combined with propofol for indolent colonoscopy显示文摘AIM: To assess the use of dezocine combined with propofol for the anesthetization of patients undergoing indolent colonoscopy.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of patients undergoing indolent colonoscopy in the Xinjiang people's Hospital was conducted from April 1 to April 30, 2015. The survey collected patient general information and anesthesia data, including overall medical experience and pain management. Thirty minutes after colonoscopy surgery, samples of venous blood were collected and the biochemical indicators of gastrointestinal function were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 98 female and 62 male respondents. Indolent colonoscopy was found to be more suitable for mid to older-aged patients. The necessary conditions for the diagnosis of digestive diseases were required in 65 of the 73 inpatients. Adverse reactions to the intraoperative process included two cases of body movement and two cases of respiratory depression. Gastrin and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels were slightly increased. However, somatostatin and endothelin levels were slightly decreased. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that dezocine combined with propofol can be successfully used for the anesthetization of indolent colonoscopy patients without pain and should be widely used. | Bin-Bin Xu Xiao-liang Zhao Gui-ping Xu | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，24： | 23 |
| 14 | FAULT TREE ANALYSIS OF SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION OF SULPHIDE ORES AND ITS RISK ASSESSMENT显示文摘A logic fault tree of mine spontaneous combustion of sulphide ores was built by the fault tree analysis (FTA) based on a lot of mechanism investigation of sulphide ore spontaneous combustion in more than ten mines and review of a great amount of relevant | Wu Chao(Department of Resources Exploitation Engineering, Central South University of Technology, Changsha, 410083, China ) | 1995 | Journal of Central South University1995，7，2： | 21 |
| 15 | 西安市养老机构老年人牙齿缺失状况及GOHAI分析显示文摘目的:了解西安市养老机构老年人牙齿缺失及修复状况,进行口腔健康相关生命质量分析。方法:根据第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方法,对陕西省西安市16家养老机构中老年人牙齿缺失及义齿修复状况进行调查;采用老年口腔健康评价指数(Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index,GOHAI)评价其口腔健康相关生命质量。数据采用SPSS18.0软件进行统计分析。结果:牙列完整者12.50%,牙列缺失者20.29%;失牙均数11.42。210名接受GOH AI量表调查者平均得分49.46,其中生理功能方面15.20,疼痛不适方面12.69,心理社会功能方面21.58;在各条目负面影响的分析中,'咬或咀嚼食物时有困难'最常给老年人带来困扰,达46.20%。牙列完整、牙列缺损、牙列缺失老年人GOH AI得分依次降低。结论:西安市养老机构失牙老年人占较大比例,义齿修复率偏低,口腔健康状况及相关生命质量较差,牙列是否完整是口腔健康相关生命质量的重要影响因素。 | 王旭 徐小乔 吴昊 王丽媛 李娜 黄瑞哲 田剑刚 | 2018 | 中华老年口腔医学杂志2018，16，2： | 20 |
| 16 | Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography associated pancreatitis:A 15-year review显示文摘The aim of this article is to review the literature regarding post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) pancreatitis.We searched for and evaluated all articles describing the diagnosis,epidemiology,pathophysiology,morbidity,mortality and prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP) in adult patients using the PubMed database.Search terms included endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,pancreatitis,ampulla of vater,endoscopic sphincterotomy,balloon dilatation,cholangiography,adverse events,standards and utilization.We limited our review of articles to those published between January 1,1994 and August 15,2009 regarding human adults and written in the English language.Publicat ions from the reference sections were reviewed and included if they were salient and fell into the time period of interest.Between the dates queried,seventeen large(> 500 patients) prospective and four large retrospective trials were conducted.PEP occurred in 1-15 in the prospective trials and in 1-4 in the retrospective trials.PEP was also reduced with pancreatic duct stent placement and outcomes were improved with endoscopic sphincterotomy compared to balloon sphincter dilation in the setting of choledocholithiasis.Approximately 34 pharmacologic agents have been evaluated for the prevention of PEP over the last f ifteen years in 63 trials.Although 22 of 63 trials published during our period of review suggested a reduction in PEP,no pharmacologic therapy has been widely accepted in clinical use in decreasing the development of PEP.In conclusion,PEP is a well-recognized complication of ERCP.Medical treatment for prevention has been disappointing.Proper patient selection and pancreatic duct stenting have been shown to reduce the complication rate in randomized clinical trials. | Kevin E Woods Field F Willingham | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2010，2，5： | 20 |
| 17 | Deformation characteristics and safety assessment of a high-speed railway induced by undercutting metro tunnel excavation显示文摘Stratum deformation(settlement) is a challenging issue in tunnel engineering, especially when construction of metro tunnels has to undercut high-speed railway. For this purpose, we used the FLAC30 software to analyze the stratum settlement characteristics of high-speed railway at different crossing angles intersected by metro tunnel, in terms of ground settlement trough, stratum slip line and irregularity of ballastless tracks. According to the evolution of the stratum settlement at different angle regions, an optimized angle is proposed for the actual project design. In order to reduce the influence of stratum settlement on the safety of high-speed railway, an approach of safety assessment is proposed for the shield engineering undercutting high-speed railway, as per Chinese specifications using numerical results and on-site conditions. A case study is conducted for the shield tunnel section crossing the Wuhan-Guangzhou High-speed Railway between the Guangzhou North Railway Station and the Huacheng Road Station, which represents the first metro tunnel project passing below a high-speed railway in China. A series of measures is taken to ensure the safe excavation of the shield tunnel and the operation of the high-speed railway. The results can provide a technical support for performing a safety evaluation between high-speed railways and metro tunnels. | Wangping Qian Taiyue Qi Yunjian Zhao Yizhou Le Haiyang Yi | 2019 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2019，11，1： | 18 |
| 18 | Characterization and normalization factors of abiotic resource depletion for life cycle impact assessment in China显示文摘The availability of resources for economic activities differs between regions, and the importance of the resources is consequently observed to be different within regions compared to a global scale. With the current situation in Chinese mining industry and its statistic characteristics, the characterization procedures of abiotic resource in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) have demonstrated certain limita-tions in the Chinese materials industry. The aim of this paper is to propose new characterization and normalization factors for abiotic resource depletion categories such as metals and non-renewable en- ergy resources in a Chinese context. The actual production of abiotic resources calculated by a modi- fied model is compared to the reserve base in line with the new national standard to determine char- acterization factors in equivalence units, with antimony as the reference mineral. The normalization factors are based on the total base reserves of the most important minerals in China. A case study on primary magnesium production using the Pidgeon process is used to compare LCIA results for abiotic resource categories that are between current LCIA factors and the new Chinese factors. These factors not only reflect the importance of abiotic resource with respect to region-specific resource depletion, but also can compare with the global factors. | GAO Feng NIE ZuoRen WANG ZhiHong GONG XianZheng ZUO TieYong | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，1： | 17 |
| 19 | PM_(2.5)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Beijing:Seasonal variations,sources,and risk assessment显示文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) have been of health concern due to its carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. In this study, we aimed to assess the variations, sources, and lifetime excessive cancer risk(ECR) attributable to PAHs bound to ambient particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm(PM_(2.5)) in metropolitan Beijing, China. We collected24-hour integrated PM_(2.5) samples on daily basis between November 2014 and June 2015 across both central heating(cold months) and non-heating(warm months) seasons, and further analyzed the PAH components in these daily PM_(2.5) samples. Our results showed that total concentrations of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs varied between(88.6 ± 75.4) ng/m^3 in the cold months and(11.0 ± 5.9) ng/m^3 in the warm months. Benzo[a]pyrene(Ba P), the carcinogenic marker of PAHs,averaged at 5.7 and 0.4 ng/m^3 in the cold and warm months, respectively. Source apportionment analyses illustrated that gasoline, biomass burning, diesel, coal combustion and cooking were the major contributors, accounting for 12.9%, 17.8%, 24.7%, 24.3% and 6.4% of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs, respectively. The BaP equivalent lifetime ECR from inhalation of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs was 16.2 cases per million habitants. Our results suggested that ambient particulate reduction from energy reconstruction and adaption of clean fuels would result in reductions PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs and its associated cancer risks. However, as only particulate phased PAHs was analyzed in the present study, the concentration of ambient PAHs could be underestimated. | Baihuan Feng Lijuan Li Hongbing Xu Tong Wang Rongshan Wu Jie Chen Yi Zhang Shuo Liu Steven Sai Hang Ho Junji Cao Wei Huang | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，3： | 17 |
| 20 | Silymarin in non alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘AIM: This study was undertaken to evaluate the hepatic effects of silybum marianum on non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: In 72 patients affected by NAFLD, main metabolic, hepatic and anti-inflammatory parameters were assayed after 3 mo of a restricted diet and before silymarin treatment (twice a day orally). The brightness of liver echography texture (hepatorenal ratio brightness) was also defined at same time. These evaluations were repeated after 6 mo of treatment. RESULTS: Serum levels of some metabolic and anti-inflammatory data nonsignificantly lowered after 6 mo of silymarin. On the contrary, Steato test, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced. Instead, the AST/ALT ratio unchanged. Finally, the hepatorenal brightness ratio, as an index of hepatic steatosis, significantly (P < 0.05) dropped. CONCLUSION: The obtained results indicate that silymarin appears to be effective to reduce the biochemical, inflammatory and ultrasonic indices of hepatic steatosis. Some parameters indicative of early stage of atherosclerosis were also lowered. | Fulvio Cacciapuoti Anna Scognamiglio Rossella Palumbo Raffaele Forte Federico Cacciapuoti | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，3： | 17 |
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