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| 1 | Zipf与省力原则显示文摘本文首先介绍Zipf的生平及以其名字命名的定律,然后讨论了省力原则与Zipf定律的关系:即,省力原则是单一化力量跟多样化力量之间的妥协,Zipf定律是省力原则的体现。并指出,省力原则与语言冗余现象不矛盾。在后半部分,我们讨论了省力原则与语用学的关系。Grice(1978)曾提出修订版奥卡姆剃刀(Occam’sRazor),这跟省力原则有明显的联系。Horn(1984)则进一步把Zipf的省力原则跟Grice的准则结合起来,提出了Q原则和R原则。Sperber和Wilson(1986/1995)的关联原则也谈到了省力问题,但他们的理论的解释力不如Horn的两原则大。最后,我们通过具体讨论如何理解anX,论证了我们的论点。 | 姜望琪 | 2005 | 同济大学学报(社会科学版)2005，16，1： | 144 |
| 2 | Hepatitis B virus genotypes:Global distribution and clinical importance显示文摘At least 600000 individuals worldwide annually die of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related diseases,such as chronic hepatitis B(CHB),liver cirrhosis(LC),and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Many viral factors,such as viral load,genotype,and specific viral mutations,are known to affect disease progression.HBV reverse transcriptase does not have a proofreading function,therefore,many HBV genotypes,sub-genotypes,mutants,and recombinants emerge.Differences between genotypes in response to antiviral treatment have been determined.To date,10 HBV genotypes,scattered across different geographical regions,have been identified.For example,genotype A has a tendency for chronicity,whereas viral mutations are frequently encountered in genotype C.Both chronicity and mutation frequency are common in genotype D.LC and progression to HCC are more commonly encountered with genotypes C and D than the other genotypes.Pathogenic differences between HBV genotypes explain disease intensity,progression to LC,and HCC.In conclusion,genotype determination in CHB infection is important in estimating disease progression and planning optimal antiviral treatment. | Mustafa Sunbul | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，18： | 42 |
| 3 | 《一小时的故事》金莉与秦亚青译本文体风格剖析显示文摘文学作品的语言风格独特,并能传达丰富的含义,也是文学作品翻译中不容忽略的方面。从词汇、句法和修辞等文体学角度分析金莉与秦亚青翻译的凯特·肖邦短篇小说The Story of an Hour,不仅呈现了原作的文体风格,而且能把握金与秦译本的翻译特点。 | 葛莎莎 祁文慧 | 2019 | 英语广场(学术研究)2019，0，1： | 40 |
| 4 | 异型南五味子丁素、五味子酚和(+)-安五脂素对血小板聚集的影响显示文摘目的观察3木脂素类成分:异型南五味子丁素(heteroclitin D,HD)、五味子酚(schisanhenol,SAL)和(+)-安五脂素[(+)-anwulignan,AN]对血小板聚集的影响.方法采用Born比浊法,观察此3种木脂素在0.05~25 mg/L时对腺苷二磷酸(adenosine diphosphate,ADP)和血小板活化因子(platelet activating factor,PAF)诱导的兔血小板1、3、5 min聚集率和最大聚集率以及最大聚集时间的影响.结果①HD和SAL可呈剂量依赖性抑制ADP和PAF诱导的血小板最大聚集率,AN的抑制作用较弱.②对ADP诱导的血小板1、3、5 min聚集率,HD和SAL均可全程稳定抑制,AN 5mg/L在3、5min时有较明显的抑制作用;对PAF诱导的血小板1、3、5 min聚集率,HD在1、3 min时抑制作用较强,SAL在3、5 min时抑制作用较强.③HD、SAL和AN对ADP和PAF诱导的血小板最大聚集时间无明显影响.结论HD、SAL和AN在离体水平可不同程度抑制ADP和PAF诱导的兔血小板聚集.HD的抑制作用最强,可视为南五味子属药用植物的重要活性成分之一. | 蒋仕丽 章蕴毅 陈道峰 | 2005 | 复旦学报(医学版)2005，32，4： | 30 |
| 5 | 南海北部金线鱼生长、死亡和最适开捕体长研究显示文摘根据 1 997~ 1 999年期间在南海北部海域采集的金线鱼生物学资料 ,应用 Fi SAT 软件进行金线鱼的生长和死亡参数估算。用 EL EFAN 技术拟合的 von Bertalanffy生长方程参数分别为L∞ =33.0 8cm ,k=0 .30 a-1 及 t0 =- 0 .86 a,用 Pauly经验公式计算的自然死亡系数为 M=0 .6 8,以长度变换渔获曲线法估算陆架区和北部湾的总死亡系数分别为 2 .0 7和 2 .0 2。运用 Beverton- Holt模型分析的结果表明 ,该群体的最适捕捞死亡系数为 F=2 .4 ,最适开捕年龄和体长分别为 1 .8a和 1 6 .5cm。研究表明 ,目前该群体已处捕捞过度状态 ,尤以捕捞幼鱼的问题较为突出。为可持续利用金线鱼资源 ,建议南海北部金线鱼的最小可捕规格应为体长 1 6 .5 cm。 | 王雪辉 邱永松 杜飞雁 | 2004 | 中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)2004，34，2： | 25 |
| 6 | NH_4NO_3和NH_4ClO_4的绝热分解研究显示文摘用加速热量仪研究了硝酸铵和高氯酸铵的热分解过程 ,得到了它们的绝热分解温度和压力随时间的变化曲线 ,并分别计算了这两种物质的动力学参数表观活化能和指前因子。 | 钱新明 傅智敏 张文明 冯长根 | 2001 | 含能材料2001，9，4： | 23 |
| 7 | 基于感性工学的人机界面多意象评价显示文摘为了给人机界面设计提供有效的评价手段,围绕用户对人机界面的感性需求,提出了基于感性工学的人机界面多意象评价方法。首先运用感性工学方法建立感性指标评价体系,在指标权重分配上,通过将灰色关联分析法引入群层次分析(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)法中,利用改进的群AHP法求取综合权重,解决了传统AHP法主观性过强的缺点;同时根据感性工学评价的模糊性,建立了一种直觉模糊集理论和TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution)法相结合的综合评价模型。结合数控机床人机界面设计方案验证了该评价方法的有效性和可行性。该方法对人机界面感性设计与设计评价具有一定的参考意义。 | 袁树植 高虹霓 王崴 瞿珏 刘晓卫 李康 | 2017 | 工程设计学报2017，24，5： | 23 |
| 8 | 聚乙烯醇缩丁醛包覆硝酸铵的性能研究显示文摘采用液相分离技术 ,用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛 (PVB)对硝酸铵 (AN)进行包覆。研究了包覆后硝酸铵的性能 ,并对包覆的效果进行了表征。结果表明 ,用 PVB包覆 AN,包覆效果较好 ,产品的吸湿性、结块性都有大幅度下降 , | 张杰 杨荣杰 刘云飞 白渝平 安红梅 | 2001 | 火炸药学报2001，24，1： | 19 |
| 9 | 硝酸铵的吸湿性研究显示文摘介绍了硝酸铵的吸湿机理 ,防止硝酸铵吸湿的手段以及吸湿性和包覆效果的表征方法 ,并对防止硝酸铵吸湿的各种手段进行分析。 | 张杰 杨荣杰 刘云飞 | 2001 | 火炸药学报2001，24，3： | 17 |
| 10 | DEVELOPMENT AND ERROR ANALYSIS OF AN INSPECTING
SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE ROTATIONAL INERTIA OF BULLETS显示文摘介绍了一种用于测量弹丸转动惯量的高精度测量仪器,该仪器利用双悬丝扭摆机构、光电计时系统提取摆动周期信息,由MCS-51系列单片机组成的测量系统进行数据处理,并由LED显示器测量结果。文中阐述了仪器的工作原理, 推导了所需的计算公式,分析了产生测量误差的因素,进行了定量精度分析,给出了实验结果与测量精度。 | 车英 李占国 陈礼华 白素平 马宏 韩文波 | 2000 | 兵工学报2000，21，1： | 15 |
| 11 | Kanglexin,a novel anthraquinone compound,protects against myocardial ischemic injury in mice by suppressing NLRP3 and pyroptosis显示文摘Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory cell death that could be driven by the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation following myocardial infarction(MI).Emerging evidence suggests the therapeutic potential for ameliorating MI-induced myocardial damages by targeting NLRP3 and pyroptosis.In this study,we investigated the myocardial protection effect of a novel anthraquinone compound(4,5-dihydroxy-7-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone-2-ethyl succinate)named Kanglexin(KLX)in vivo and in vitro.Male C57BL/6 mice were pre-treated either with KLX(20,40 mg·kg^?1per day,intragastric gavage)or vehicle for 7 consecutive days prior to ligation of coronary artery to induce permanent MI.KLX administration dose-dependently reduced myocardial infarct size and lactate dehydrogenase release and improved cardiac function as compared to vehicle-treated mice 24 h after MI.We found that MI triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation leading to conversion of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-18 into their active mature forms in the heart,which could expand the infarct size and drive cardiac dysfunction.We also showed that MI induced pyroptosis,as evidenced by increased DNA fragmentation,mitochondrial swelling,and cell membrane rupture,as well as increased levels of pyroptosis-related proteins,including gasdermin D,N-terminal GSDMD,and cleaved caspase-1.All these detrimental alterations were prevented by KLX.In hypoxia-or lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes,we showed that KLX(10μM)decreased the elevated levels of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-and propidium iodide-positive cells,and pyroptosis-related proteins.We conclude that KLX prevents MI-induced cardiac damages and cardiac dysfunction at least partly through attenuating NLRP3 and subsequent cardiomyocyte pyroptosis,and it is worthy of more rigorous investigations for its potential for alleviating ischemic heart disease. | Yu Bian Xin Li Ping Pang Xue-ling Hu Shu-ting Yu Yi-ning Liu Xin Li Ning Wang Jin-hui Wang Wei Xiao Wei-jie Du Bao-feng Yang | 2020 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2020，41，3： | 15 |
| 12 | 界面粘结对聚氯乙烯/丁腈橡胶共混物脆韧转变的影响显示文摘应用丙烯腈(AN)含量不同的丁腈橡胶(NBR)与聚氯乙烯(PVC)共混,研究了界面粘结对PVC/NBR共混物脆韧转变的影响.结果表明:当基体层度T相等时,过强的界面粘结,使PVC/NBR共混物的冲击强度降低,并且其产生脆韧转变的临界基体层厚度Tc减小.界面粘结对于聚合物共混物的增韧行为具有直接的影响.损伤区分析给出:随着界面粘结强度增大,空洞化过程受阻,减弱能量的耗散,并且不利于诱导剪切屈服损伤的产生,因而不利于增韧;但是界面粘强度过小,意味着共混物的相容性太差,致使分散相粒径过大,也不利于增韧.所以对增韧来讲,共混物的界面粘结强度存在一个最佳范围. | 刘浙辉 朱晓光 张学东 漆宗能 蔡忠龙 王佛松 | 1997 | 高分子学报1997，7，3： | 13 |
| 13 | 膨化硝酸铵自敏化理论形成与发展显示文摘表面活性剂 (膨化剂 )在硝酸铵饱和溶液中强制析晶中起决定性作用 ,它是膨化工艺的保证 ,是自敏化理论的基础 。 | 吕春绪 刘祖亮 惠君明 | 2000 | 火炸药学报2000，23，4： | 12 |
| 14 | ChMI/MMA/AN悬浮共聚物与PVC共混的研究显示文摘通过悬浮共聚得到了N 环己基马来酰亚胺 (ChMI)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)、丙烯腈 (AN)三元共聚物(PCMA) ,用作耐热改性剂与PVC共混。考察了共聚物用量对共混物热性能、力学性能、流变性能的影响 ,用扫描电镜 (SEM)观察其断面。结果表明 :随共聚物用量的增加 ,共混物的玻璃化温度和维卡软化点明显提高 ;PVC第一阶段降解速率减小 ,降解完毕后平台区残留量逐渐上升 ;拉伸强度明显提高 ,冲击强度在一定比例范围内几乎不变 ;熔体表观粘度增加 ,呈假塑性流体。 | 杨利庭 胡学锋 高俊刚 | 2003 | 塑料工业2003，31，4： | 11 |
| 15 | An H3K27me3 demethylase-HSFA2 regulatory loop orchestrates transgenerational thermomemory in Arabidopsis显示文摘Global warming has profound effects on plant growth and fitness.Plants have evolved sophisticated epigenetic machinery to respond quickly to heat,and exhibit transgenerational memory of the heat-induced release of post-transtriptional gene silencing(PTGS).However,how thermomemory is transmitted to progeny and the physiological relevance are elusive.Here we show that heat-induced HEAT SHOCK TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR A2(HSFA2)directly activates the H3K27me3 demethylase RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING 6(REF6),which in turn derepresses HSFA2.REF6 and HSFA2 establish a heritable feedback loop,and activate an E3 ubiquitin ligase,SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3(SGS3)-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1(SGIP1).SGIP1-mediated SGS3 degradation leads to inhibited biosynthesis of trans-acting siRNA(tasiRNA).The REF&HSFA2 loop and reduced tasiRNA converge to release HEAT-INDUCED TAS1 TARGET 5(HTT5),which drives early flowering but attenuates immunity.Thus,heat induces transmitted phe no types via a coordi nated epigenetic network involvi ng histone demethylases,tran scriptio n factors,and tasiRNAs,ensuring reproductive success and transgenerational stress adaptation. | Junzhong Liu Lili Feng Xueting Gu Xian Deng Qi Qiu Qun Li Yingying Zhang Muyang Wang Yiwen Deng Ertao Wang Yuke He Isabel Baurle Jianming Li Xiaofeng Cao Zuhua He | 2019 | Cell Research2019，29，5： | 10 |
| 16 | Imaging of bone metastasis: An update显示文摘Early detection of skeletal metastasis is critical for accurate staging and optimal treatment. This paper briefly reviews our current understanding of the biological mechanisms through which tumours metastasise to bone and describes the available imaging methods to diagnose bone metastasis and monitor response to treatment. Among the various imaging modalities currently available for imaging skeletal metastasis, hybrid techniques whichfuse morphological and functional data are the most sensitive and specific, and positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography and PET/magnetic resonance imaging will almost certainly continue to evolve and become increasingly important in this regard. | Gerard J O'Sullivan Fiona L Carty Carmel G Cronin | 2015 | World Journal of Radiology2015，7，8： | 10 |
| 17 | 肝纤维化与原发性肝癌关系的临床探讨显示文摘目的:探讨肝纤维化与肝癌的临床联系。方法:选择慢性肝炎(轻、中度)108例,原发性肝癌121例,分别检测其血清中肝纤维化指标并进行比较;同时对236例慢性肝炎分组,其中肝纤维化指标异常者占80例,为AN组;肝纤维化指标正常者有156例,为N组;对其进行10年的追踪观察并比较其恶性变的发生率。结果:原发性肝癌患者血清中肝纤维化指标异常者明显高于慢性肝炎者(P<0.05);同时慢性肝炎中肝纤指标异常者较容易转化为原发性肝癌(P<0.05)。结论:肝纤维化指标与原发性肝癌密切相关,肝纤维化的治疗对预防原发性肝癌有积极的临床意义。 | 黄月华 曾文铤 杨华礼 | 2005 | 实用医学杂志2005，21，1： | 9 |
| 18 | 30-W supercontinuum generation based on ZBLAN fiber in an all-fiber configuration显示文摘We report an all-fiberized 30-W supercontinuum(SC) generation in a piece of ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF(ZBLAN) fiber. The pump source is a thulium-doped fiber amplifier(TDFA) with broadband output spectrum spanning the 1.9 to 2.6 μm region. The used ZBLAN fiber has a core diameter of 10 μm, and was directly fusion-spliced to the pigtail of the TDFA without using a traditional mode field adapter(MFA) or a piece of transition fiber. Such a low-loss and robust fusion splice joint, together with a robust AlF3-fiber-based endcap,enables efficient and high-power SC generation in the ZBLAN fiber. An SC with an average power up to 30.0 W and a spectral coverage of 1.9–3.35 μm with 20-dB bandwidth of 1.92–3.20 μm was obtained. Moreover, an SC with a broader spectrum was achieved by raising the pump pulse peak power(via reducing the duty ratio of the pump laser pulse). An SC with an output power of 27.4 W and a spectral coverage of 1.9–3.63 μm(with 20-dB bandwidth of 1.92–3.47 μm) was obtained, as well as an SC with output power of 24.8 W and a spectral coverage of 1.9–3.70 μm(with 20-dB bandwidth of 1.93–3.56 μm). The power conversion efficiency was measured as>69%. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research demonstrates the record output power of SC lasers based on ZBLAN fibers, paving the way for broadband and efficient multi-tens-of-watts SC generation in softglass fibers. | LINYONG YANG YING LI BIN ZHANG TIANYI WU YIJUN ZHAO JING HOU | 2019 | Photonics Research2019，7，9： | 9 |
| 19 | “爱国者”系列地空导弹显示文摘“爱国者”导弹系统的前身为“雷锡恩”公司1967年开始研制的SAM-D系统,1976年开始称“爱国者”(Patriot)。1980年生产出MIM-104A导弹,采用G波段AN/MPQ-53雷达,1984年装备美国陆军。1980年后导弹改进型为MIM-104B,具有抗支援式干扰的能力,改进了制导系统,并使其具有对付地面雷达干扰源的地地导弹功能。 | 徐斌 | 2004 | 地面防空武器2004，，3： | 9 |
| 20 | 基于An soft Maxwell 3D的电磁场分析与计算显示文摘电磁场分析是复杂电子电气产品设计的一个重要环节,是决定产品性能的关键因素;而电磁场的有限元分析方法作为一个强大的工具,在工程中的应用极为广泛.根据长直螺线管的电磁场数学推导结果,利用ANSYS工程电磁场有限元软件对其进行仿真,验证了结果的一致性,反映出有限元方法在电磁场分析的优势及ANSYS软件分析的直观性与便利性,展示了ANSYS软件在电磁场分析应用中的基本方法与技巧.实验证明,An soft Maxwell 3D在分析复杂电磁场方面具有很高的实用价值. | 陈红 | 2012 | 宁波大学学报(理工版)2012，25，4： | 8 |
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