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| 1 | Add-on pegylated interferon augments hepatitis B surface antigen clearance vs continuous nucleos(t)ide analog monotherapy in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis B surface antigen≤1500 IU/mL:An observational study显示文摘BACKGROUND Nucleos(t)ide analog(NA)has shown limited effectiveness against hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)clearance in chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of add-on peginterferonα-2a(peg-IFNα-2a)to an ongoing NA regimen in CHB patients.METHODS In this observational study,195 CHB patients with HBsAg≤1500 IU/m L,hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-negative(including HBeAg-negative patients or HBeAg-positive patients who achieved HBeAg-negative after antiviral treatment with NA)and hepatitis B virus-deoxyribonucleic acid<1.0×10^2 IU/mL after over 1 year of NA therapy were enrolled between November 2015 and December2018 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,China.Patients were given the choice between receiving either peg-IFNα-2a add-on therapy to an ongoing NA regimen(add-on group,n=91)or continuous NA monotherapy(monotherapy group,n=104)after being informed of the benefits and risks of the peg-IFNα-2a therapy.Total therapy duration of peg-IFNα-2a was 48 wk.All patients were followed-up to week 72(24 wk after discontinuation of peg-IFNα-2a).The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with HBsAg clearance at week 72.RESULTS Demographic and baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups.Intention-to-treatment analysis showed that the HBsAg clearance rate in the add-on group and monotherapy group was 37.4%(34/91)and 1.9%(2/104)at week 72,respectively.The HBsAg seroconversion rate in the add-on group was 29.7%(27/91)at week 72,and no patient in the monotherapy group achieved HBsAg seroconversion at week 72.The HBsAg clearance and seroconversion rates in the add-on group were significantly higher than in the monotherapy group at week 72(P<0.001).Younger patients,lower baseline HBsAg concentration,lower HBsAg concentrations at weeks 12 and 24,greater HBsAg decline from baseline to weeks 12 and 24 and the alanine aminotransferase≥2×upper limit of normal during the first 12 wk of therapy were strong predictors of HBsAg clearance in patients with peg-IFNα-2a add-on treatment.Regarding the safety of the treatment,4.4%(4/91)of patients in the add-on group discontinued peg-IFNα-2a due to adverse events.No severe adverse events were noted.CONCLUSION Peg-IFNα-2a as an add-on therapy augments HBsAg clearance in HBeAg-negative CHB patients with HBsAg≤1500 IU/m L after over 1 year of NA therapy. | Feng-Ping Wu Ying Yang Mei Li Yi-Xin Liu Ya-Ping Li Wen-Jun Wang Juan-Juan Shi Xin Zhang Xiao-Li Jia Shuang-Suo Dang | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，13： | 27 |
| 2 | Indocyanine green kinetics to assess liver function: Ready for a clinical dynamic assessment in major liver surgery?显示文摘Indocyanine green(ICG) kinetics(PDR/R15) used to quantitatively assess hepatic function in the perioperative period of major resective surgery and liver transplantation have been the object of an extensive, updated and critical review. New, non invasive bedside monitors(pulse dye densitometry technology) make this opportunity widely available in clinical practice. After having reviewed basic concepts of hepatic clearance, we analysed the most common indications ICG kinetic parameters have nowadays in clinical practice, focusing in particular on the diagnostic and prognostic role of PDR and R15 in the perioperative period of major liver surgery and liver transplantation. As recently pointed out, even if of extreme interest, ICG clearance parameters have still some limitations, to be considered when using these tests. | Andrea De Gasperi Ernestina Mazza Manlio Prosperi | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，7： | 22 |
| 3 | Combined APACH Ⅱ score and arterial blood lactate clearance rate to predict the prognosis of ARDS patients显示文摘Objective:To explore the easily applicable indicators of practical value to evaluate the prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods:Blood and biochemical tests and bloodgas analyses were performed upon entry into the ICUs,12 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h after that in 72 ARDS patients(who were admitted to the ICUs of our hospital from January 2000 to December 2009).Then APACHEⅡscores were achieved by combining relevant physiological parameters and laboratory results.Results:There was a statistical difference between the death group and survival group at different time points upon entering the ICUs in terms of APACHEⅡscore, alveolar-arterial oxygen difference and arterial blood lactate clearance rate.PaO2/FiO2 values were recorded to be statistically different between the death group and survival group 24 h,48 h and 72 h,respectively after entry into the ICUs.In addition,registered linear regression existed between APACHEⅡscore,alveolar-arterial oxygen difference or PaO2/FiO2 value and time. APACHEⅡscore 24 h and 72 h after entering ICUs predicted mortality with an area under the ROC curve(AUC) standing respectively at 0.919 and 0.9SS.Arterial blood lactate clearance rate 12 h, 24 h,48 h and 72 h after entering ICUs predicted mortality with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) at 0.918,0.918,0.909 and 0.991,respectively.Conclusions:APACHEⅡscore applied in combination with arterial blood lactate clearance rate is of clinical significance in assessing the prognosis of ARDS patients. | Wen-Hui Wu Yuan-Yuan Niu Chang-Ran Zhang Long-Bin Xiao Hui-Shao Ye De-Mao Pan Mian Zeng | 2012 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2012，5，8： | 21 |
| 4 | Use of magnetic resonance elastography for assessing liver functional reserve:A clinical study显示文摘AIM: To investigate the value of magnetic resonance elastography(MRE) with regard to assessing liver functional reserve.METHODS: Data from inpatients diagnosed with a liver tumor at an interventional radiology department from July 2013 to June 2014 were analyzed. A 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance unit was used to scan 32 patients with confirmed diagnoses of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC); an MRE sequence was added to the protocol, and the data were reconstructed and analyzed by two attending radiologists. Regions of interest were identified in different slices of the non-tumor liver parenchyma to measure average stiffness. In addition, the indocyanine green(ICG) test was performed no more than 1 wk before or after the magnetic resonance examination for all 32 patients; the ICG retention rate at 15 min(ICGR-15) and the ICG plasma clearance rate(ICG-K) were recorded. Correlational analyses were performed between the liver stiffness values and the ICGR-15 as well as between the liver stiffness values and the ICG-K.RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging, including an MRE sequence and the ICG test, was performed successfully in all 32 enrolled patients. None of the patients developed complications. The mean ± SD of the elasticity values measured by the two attending radiologists were 4.7 ± 2.2 k Pa and 4.7 ± 2.1 k Pa, respectively. The average liver stiffness value of the non-tumor parenchyma measured using MRE in HCC patients was 4.7 ± 2.2 k Pa. The average ICGR-15 was 0.089 ± 0.077, and the average ICG-K was 0.19 ± 0.07. We found that the liver stiffness value of the non-tumor parenchyma was significantly and positively related to the ICGR-15(r = 0.746, P < 0.01) as well as significantly and negatively related to the ICG-K(r =-0.599, P < 0.01). The ICGR-15 was significantly and negatively related to the ICG-K(r =-0.852, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: MRE is accurate and non-invasive; furthermore, it can be used to effectively assess the liver functional reserve of HCC patients. | Bin Li Jie Min Wei-Ren Liang Guang-Qiang Zhang Jian-Jun Wu Kai Jin Wei Huang Cai-Yu Ying Ming Chao | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，24： | 12 |
| 5 | RESEARCH ON ZERO CLEARANCE CYCLOID BALL TRANSMISSION显示文摘RESEARCHONZEROCLEARANCECYCLOIDBALLTRANSMISSIONQuJifangAnZijunYanshanUniversityAbstract:Thesteelballtransmissionofzerogearclea... | Qu Jifang An Zijun Yanshan University | 1994 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering1994，7，1： | 9 |
| 6 | Indocyanine green clearance in evaluating the recovery of liver reserve function after superselective transarterial chemoembolization显示文摘Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)may ravage normal liver tissues apart from the neoplastic nodules which offset the anti-tumor effect.This study aimed to evaluate the recovery of liver reserve function(LRF)after TACE by indocyanine green(ICG)clearance test and other routine liver function tests.Forty-six newly diagnosed HCC patients who had undergone TACE as the initial treatment from January 2011 to January 2012 were enrolled in this study.The effects of age,basic ICG clearance rate and interval time between two assessments on the recovery of LRF were analyzed.We found that ICG retention rate at the 15 minutes(ICGR15)was significantly increased after TACE(12.3±8.1%vs 16.8±12.1%,P<0.01)in all the 46 patients.In particular,the ICGR15 value was increased in older patients(age>55 years,20.3±12.5%vs 13.7±7.2%,P<0.01).The interval of ICG test also affected the ICGR15 value(≤47days,17.8±11.4%after vs 12.1±7.1%before TACE,P<0.01).Our data suggested that TACE decreased LRF,especially in older patients.ICG test was more sensitive to evaluate the recovery of LRF after TACE than the Child-Pugh grade and routine liver function tests. | Xin Chen Hai-Bing Zhang Zhong-Qi Li Xiong-Fei Yu Mei-Fang Yang Hao-Hao Wang Li-Song Teng | 2013 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2013，12，6： | 9 |
| 7 | IL28B polymorphism and cytomegalovirus predict response to treatment in Egyptian HCV type 4 patients显示文摘AIM:To test whether the status of positive cytomegalovirus(CMV) DNA detection adds to the predictive value of IL28B and to further categorize C/T allele carriers.METHODS:This study included 166 chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients who received combined interferon and ribavirin therapy for 48 wk,84 spontaneous hepatitis C virus(HCV) resolvers who were positive for IgG anti-HCV antibody and negative for HCV RNA,and 100 healthy subjects who were negative for both HCV antibodies and RNA as controls.Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was used for IL28B rs.12979860 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) and CMV DNA detection.A 139 bp fragment containing IL28B SNP was amplified in all subjects by polymerase chain reaction using a specifically designed primer.Then the IL28B rs.12979860 SNP was detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) genotyping.The presence of CMV DNA was tested by amplification of the gB1 gene using nested polymerase chain reaction.The role of CMV and IL28B rs.12979860 SNP genotypes in determining the response rate to combined interferon therapy and clinical status of patients were statistically analyzed.RESULTS:Current data showed that 67% of patients carrying the IL28B 12979860 C/C allele had a sustained viral response(SVR) while the genotypes C/T and TT were associated with lower SVR rates,50% and 48%,respectively.SVR rates for the C/C allele were lower than other HCV genotypes and/or other populations.Genotype CC was associated with the response to interferon(P = 0.025).Genotype C/C was reduced from 48% in controls to 14% in CHC patients suggesting its protective role against progression to chronicity.The majority of spontaneously cleared subjects(86%) were C/C,confirming its protective role.The C/T allele was present in 71% of CHC patients compared with 38% of controls,so the use of IL28B SNP genotyping only in these patients may be of little value as a predictor of response.CMV reactivation occurred in 40% of CHC patients.Co-infection with CMV seriously diminished the response to interferon(IFN) therapy,with SVR rates in C/C genotypes 87.5% in CMV-negative patients and 12.5% in CMV-positive patients(P < 0.0001).SVR rates among C/T carriers were reduced to < 50% in patients with positive CMV DNA while the non-response rate doubled.These data indicate that a supplemental assay for CMV viremia adds to the prognostic value of IL28B genotyping.CONCLUSION:The results suggest that both genetic(i.e.,spontaneous) and therapeutic(IFN-based therapy) arms are complementary in the battle against HCV.CMV DNA testing may be of value to better predict the response to IFN,particularly in IL28B C/T carriers. | Mostafa K El Awady Noha G Bader El Din Ashraf Tabll Yaser El Hosary Ashraf O Abdel Aziz Hesham El Khayat Mohsen Salama Tawfeek H Abdelhafez | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，2： | 8 |
| 8 | 鼻腔冲洗在鼻部疾病治疗中的现况及研究进展显示文摘鼻腔冲洗(Nasal irrigation)是鼻部疾病局部治疗的方法之一,又称盥洗、灌洗或清洗,指借助某种装置,通过一定压力的将冲洗液输送到鼻腔、深入鼻窦,药液与鼻腔靶组织接触,将鼻腔内结痂及分泌物清除,达到清洁鼻腔、治疗等目的的治疗鼻部疾病的常用方法之一,此法易操作,花费低,方法简便已被广泛应用于鼻腔鼻窦多种疾病治疗。 | 王琪 郭亿超 | 2013 | 中国医学文摘(耳鼻咽喉科学)2013，28，3： | 8 |
| 9 | Rapid measurement of indocyanine green retention by pulse spectrophotometry: a validation study in 70 patients with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis before hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘BACKGROUND: The indocyanine green (ICG) retention test is the most popular liver function test for selecting patients for major hepatectomy. Traditionally, it is done using spectrophotometry with serial blood sampling. The newly- developed pulse spectrophotometry is a faster alternative, but its accuracy on Child-Pugh A cirrhotic patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma has not been well documented. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the LiMON , one of the pulse spectrophotometry systems, in measuring preoperative ICG retention in these patients and to devise an easy formula for conversion of the results so that they can be compared with classical literature records where ICG retention was measured by the traditional method. METHODS: We measured the liver function of 70 Child-Pugh A cirrhotic patients before hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma from September 2008 to January 2009. ICG retention at 15 minutes measured by traditional spectrophotometry (ICGR15) was compared with ICG retention at 15 minutes measured by the LiMON (ICGR15(L)). RESULTS: The median ICGR15 was 14.7% (5.6%-32%) and the median ICGR15(L) was 10.4% (1.2%-28%). The mean difference between them was -4.3606. There was a strong correlation between ICGR15 and ICGR15(L) (correlation coefficient, 0.844; 95% confidence interval, 0.762-0.899). The following formula was devised: ICGR15=1.16×ICGR15(L)+2.73.CONCLUSIONS: The LiMON provides a fast and repeatable way to measure ICG retention at 15 minutes, but with constant underestimation of the real value. Therefore, when comparing results obtained by traditional spectrophotometry and the LiMON, adjustment of results from the latter is necessary, and this can be done with a simple mathematical calculation using the above formula. | Tan To Cheung See Ching Chan Kenneth SH Chok Albert CY Chan Wan Ching Yu Ronnie TP Poon Chung Mau Lo Sheung Tat Fan | 2012 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2012，11，3： | 8 |
| 10 | IL-28B基因多态性在丙型病毒性肝炎中的临床意义显示文摘丙型肝炎(hepatitis C)作为一种世界范围内广泛流行的传染性疾病,其主要传播方式为血液传播,此外针刺、吸毒等也是其常见的感染途径。据统计,全球目前有约1.8亿人曾感染过HCV病毒,约占人口总数的3%,其中仅不足1/3的急性感染者体内会出现病毒的自发清除(spontaneous clearance,SC),大多数患者逐渐发展至慢性丙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis C,CHC)。 | 魏阳 史昌河 闫杰 | 2014 | 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版)2014，8，6： | 7 |
| 11 | Vertically acquired hepatitis C virus infection:Correlates oftransmission and disease progression显示文摘The worldwide prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection in children is 0.05%-0.4% in developed countries and 2%-5% in resource-limited settings, where inadequately tested blood products or un-sterile medical injections still remain important routes of infection. After the screening of blood donors, motherto-child transmission(MTCT) of HCV has become the leading cause of pediatric infection, at a rate of 5%. Maternal HIV co-infection is a significant risk factor for MTCT and anti-HIV therapy during pregnancy seemingly can reduce the transmission rate of both viruses. Conversely, a high maternal viral load is an important, but not preventable risk factor, because at present no anti-HCV treatment can be administered to pregnant women to block viral replication. Caution is needed in adopting obstetric procedures, such as amniocentesis or internal fetal monitoring, that can favor fetal exposure to HCV contaminated maternal blood, though evidence is lacking on the real risk of single obstetric practices. Mode of delivery and type of feeding do not represent significant risk factors for MTCT. Therefore, there is no reason to offer elective caesarean section or discourage breast-feeding to HCV infected parturients. Information on the natural history of vertical HCV infection is limited. The primary infection is asymptomatic in infants. At least one quarter of infected children shows a spontaneous viral clearance(SVC) that usually occurs within 6 years of life. IL-28 B polymorphims and genotype 3 infection have been associated with greater chances of SVC. In general, HCV progression is mild or moderate in children with chronic infection who grow regularly, though cases with marked liver fibrosis or hepatic failure have been described. Non-organ specific autoantibodies and cryoglobulins are frequently found in children with chronic infection, but autoimmune diseases or HCV associated extrahepatic manifestations are rare. | Pier-Angelo Tovo Carmelina Calitri Carlo Scolfaro Clara Gabiano Silvia Garazzino | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，4： | 6 |
| 12 | Early lactate clearance as a reliable predictor of initial poor graft function after orthotopic liver transplantation显示文摘BACKGROUND:Initial poor graft function (IPGF) following orthotopic liver transplantation is a major determinant of postoperative survival and morbidity.Lactate clearance is a good marker of liver function.In this study,we investigated the clinical utility of early lactate clearance as an early and accurate predictor for IPGF following liver transplantation.METHODS:This was a prospective observational study of 222 patients referred to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) after orthotopic liver transplantation.The IPGF group consisted of patients with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >1500 IU/L within 72 hours after orthotopic liver transplantation.Early lactate clearance was defined as lactate at SICU presentation (hour 0) minus lactate at hour 6,divided by lactate at SICU presentation.The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score,Child-Pugh score and laboratory data including AST,ALT,total bilirubin (TB) and prothrombin time (PT) were recorded at SICU presentation and compared between the non-IPGF and IPGF groups Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to measure the performance of early lactate clearance,MELD score,Child-Pugh score,TB and PT.RESULTS:IPGF occurred in 45 of the 222 patients (20.3%).The early lactate clearance in the non-IPGF group was markedly higher than that in the IPGF group (43.2±13.8% vs 13.4±13.7% P<0.001).The optimum cut-off value for early lactate clearance predicting IPGF was 24.8% (sensitivity 95.5%,specificity 88.9%).The area under the curve of the ROC was 0.961,which was significantly superior to MELD score,Child-Pugh score TB and PT.Patients with early lactate clearance ≤24.8% had a higher IPGF rate (OR=169) and a higher risk of in-hospital mortality (OR=3.625).CONCLUSIONS:Early lactate clearance can serve as a prompt and accurate bedside predictor of IPGF.Patients with early lactate clearance less than 24.8% are associated with a higher incidence of IPGF. | Jian-Feng Wu,Rong-Yao Wu,Juan Chen,Bin Ou-Yang,Min-Ying Chen and Xiang-Dong Guan Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit,First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，6： | 6 |
| 13 | Study on leakage flow characteristics of radial inflow turbines at rotor tip clearance显示文摘Tip clearance leakage flow in a radial inflow turbine rotor for microturbines under the stage environment is investigated using a three-dimensional viscous flow simulation. The results indicate that the scraping flow caused by relative motion between casing and rotor tip, and the pressure difference between pressure side and suction side at rotor tip, play important roles in tip clearance leakage flow. The more the rotor tip speed increases and tip clearance height decreases, the more the scraping effect acts. Though the leakage velocity of tip clearance at midsection and exducer regions changes less when the rotor rotational speed is changing, the distance between passage vortex and rotor suction side varies in evidence. Main leakage flow rate of tip clearance takes place at region of exducer tip and some seal configurations will be quite effective for cutting leakage flow if these configurations are arranged over midsection and exducer of the radial inflow rotor. | DENG QingHua NIU JiuFang FENG ZhenPing | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，8： | 6 |
| 14 | Antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B: Safety, effectiveness, and prognosis显示文摘The goal of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) therapy is to improve the patient prognosis through the sustained inhibition of viral replication. However, due to the uncertainty and potentially unlimited duration of the treatment course, nucleus(t)ide analogue (NA) resistance and safety, financial costs and patient compliance, different endpoints of antiviral treatment have been proposed in CHB prevention and treatment guidelines. Different treatment endpoints are closely associated with the safety of drug withdrawal and improvements in prognosis. Antiviral treatment suppresses HBV DNA replication, drug withdrawal leads to relapse, and long-term treatment causes drug safety and resistance issues. Although hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion based on HBV DNA inhibition is considered as “a satisfactory endpoint”, drug withdrawal still leads to high relapse rates. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance is the “ideal endpoint” in terms of the safety of drug withdrawal and improvements in prognosis. However, the HBsAg clearance rate is low using the conventional single drug treatment and fixed course regimens. Recently, the application of an “optimized antiviral treatment strategy” has improved the HBsAg clearance rate, and make an “ideal endpoint” possible. This article reviews the different antiviral treatment endpoints in terms of the safety of drug withdrawal, improvements in prognosis and relevant advances. | Ya-Li Wu Cheng-Li Shen Xin-Yue Chen | 2019 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2019，7，14： | 6 |
| 15 | HBsAg clearance by Peg-interferon addition to a long-term nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy显示文摘The ideal endpoint of hepatitis B virus(HBV)antiviral therapy is HBsAg loss,a difficult goal to obtain,especially in HBeAg negative patients.Herein,we report the results obtained by the addition of peg-interferonα-2a to a long-lasting nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy in a HBeAg negative,genotype D patient with steadily HBV-DNA negative/HBsAg positive values.In 2002,our Caucasian 44-year-old male patient received lamivudine and,4 years later,added adefovir because of a virological breakthrough.In 2011,considering his young age,liver stiffness(4.3 kPa)and HBsAg levels(3533IU/mL),we added Peg-interferonα-2a for six months(3in combination with nucleos(t)ide analogues followed by 3 mo of Peg-interferonα-2a monotherapy).A decrease of HBsAg levels was observed after 1 mo(1.21log)of Peg-interferon and 3 mo(1.88 log)after the discontinuation of all drugs.Later,a complete clearance of HBsAg was obtained with steadily undetectable HBVDNA serum levels(<9 IU/mL).HBsAg clearance by the addition of a short course of Peg-interferonα-2a represents an important result with clinical and pharmacoeconomic implications,considering that nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy in HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B patients is considered a long-lasting/life-long treatment. | Michele Barone Andrea Iannone Alfredo Di Leo | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，26： | 5 |
| 16 | Finite Element Method Analysis of Effect of Blade Clearance on Plate Shearing Process显示文摘Blade clearance is an important technical parameter of the shear, which determines the shear quality of plate. The finite element method was used to simulate shearing process which is in the different specifications and blade clearances, and the impact on blade section and shearing force of blade clearance was analyzed. Comparing with traditional experience formulas and measured values, the limitations of the experience formulas were proved. And by contrasting with the shearing force data collected from Linfen Iron and Steel Company, the reliability of the finite element method was further proved. The simulated results show that the simulated values controlled by ductile fracture criterion and measured values are very close, and the deviation value is in the range of 4.8%-20.8%. For the same steel, if the plate is thicker, the blade clearance will be greater, and thickness and blade clearance are approximately linear. The difference between numerical simulation of the maximum shearing force and the measured results is 7.7% to 12.0%, and the simulation results are close to facts. With the increase of blade clearance and the thickness, the shearing force was increased to some degree. | LI Yu-gui, YE Quan, FAN Fei, BAO Ye, HUANG Qing-xue (Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China) | 2012 | Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International)2012，19，10： | 5 |
| 17 | Cytokine and apoptosis gene polymorphisms influence the outcome of hepatitis C virus infection显示文摘BACKGROUND:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is thought to be chronic and the factors leading to viral clearance or persistence are poorly understood.This study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of a significant relationship between the spontaneous clearance or the persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and cytokine and apoptosis gene polymorphisms in Tunisian patients on hemodialysis.METHODS:Polymorphisms of the genes IL-1 (-889 IL-1α,-511 and +3954 IL-1β,IL-1Ra),IL-18 (-137 and-607),IL-12 (-1188) and Apo1/Fas (-670) were determined by PCR-RFLP,PCR-SSP and PCR-VNTR in 100 healthy blood donors and 100 patients infected with HCV and undergoing hemodialysis.The patients were classified into two groups:G1 consisted of 76 active chronic hepatitis patients (positive for HCV RNA) and G2 consisted of 24 hemodialysed patients who spontaneously eliminated the virus (negative for HCV RNA).RESULTS:The frequency of genotype association [-137GC/-607CA] IL-18 was higher in G2 (41.7%) than in G1 (15.8%) (P=0.008;OR=0.26;95% CI,0.10-0.73).We also found a higher frequency of the AA genotype of the Apo1/Fas gene in G2 (41.6%) than in G1 (17.5%) (P=0.026;OR=3.49;95% CI,1.13-10.69).Adjustment for known covariate factors (age,gender and genotype) confirmed these univariate findings and revealed that the genotype association GC-CA of the (-137 and-607) IL-18 gene and the AA genotype of the Apo1/Fas gene were associated with the clearance of HCV (P=0.041 and 0.017,respectively).CONCLUSION:The two genotypes GC-CA of the (-137 and-607) IL-18 polymorphism and the AA genotype of the Apo1/Fas gene influence the outcome of HCV infection in Tunisian patients on hemodialysis. | Leila Ksiaa Cheikhrouhou Imen Sfar Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri Houda Aouadi Salwa Jendoubi-Ayed Taieb Ben Abdallah Khaled Ayed Yousr Lakhoua-Gorgi | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，3： | 4 |
| 18 | The effect of monosialylganglioside mix modifying the PEGylated liposomal epirubicin on the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon显示文摘PEGylated liposomes are potential candidates to improve the pharmacokinetic characteristics of encapsulated drugs, to extend their circulation half-life and facilitate their passive accumulation at tumour sites. However, PEG-modified liposomes can induce accelerated blood clearance(ABC) upon repeated administration, and the extent of ABC phenomenon on the cytotoxic drugs-containing PEGylated liposomes is related to the dose of the cytotoxic drugs.In this study, EPI served as a model cytotoxic drug, a hydrophilic surfactant molecule,monosialylganglioside(GM1) was chosen and modified on the liposomes together with PEG.It was shown that upon mixed modification, when GM1 contents reached 10% or 15% mol,the ABC phenomenon of the PEGylated liposomal EPI significantly reduced. We also found that GM1 played an important role in abrogating the ABC phenomenon in both the induction phase and the effectuation phase. The results suggested that GM1 incorporation unfortunately did not avoid occurrence of ABC phenomenon completely, but GM1 modification on PEGylated liposomes may provide a significant improvement in clinical practice of PEGylated liposomes. Further study must be necessary. | Ting Zhang Songlei Zhou Le Kang Xiang Luo Yang Liu Yanzhi Song Xinrong Liu Yihui Deng | 2017 | Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences2017，12，2： | 3 |
| 19 | Cerebral ischemic preconditioning enhances the binding characteristics and glutamate uptake of glial glutamate transporter-1 in hippocampal CA1 subfield of rats显示文摘Glial glutamate transporter-1(GLT-1)is the predominant subtype of glutamate transporters and is responsible for the clearance of extracellular glutamate and for limiting the concentration of extracellular glutamate.Our previous studies have shown that the up-regulation of GLT-1 expression plays an important role | LIU Ai-ju,HU Yu-yan,LI Wen-bin,XU Jing,ZHANG Min(Department of Pathophysiology,Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050017,China) | 2010 | 中国病理生理杂志2010，26，A10： | 3 |
| 20 | Augmented renal clearance in Chinese intensive care unit patients after traumatic brain injury: a cross-sectional study显示文摘To the Editor:Augmented renal clearance(ARC)refers to an enhanced elimination of circulating solutes,including drugs,by the kidneys at a rate statistically higher than normal.On the first day of intensive care unit(ICU)admission,ARC occurrence may predict continued creatinine clearance(CrCl)elevation for 1 day to several weeks.[1]ARC has a substantial adverse effect on renally cleared antibiotics'pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics.Treatment failure or worse outcomes are more frequent in ARC patients.Thus,a'one size fits all'approach to drug dosing in ARC patients is inappropriate;dosing requires adjustment for some variables. | Zilong Dang Hong Guo Bin Li Maohua Zhen Jian Liu Yuhui Wei Hongyan Qin Zhimin Dou Lei Zhang Lei Zhu Yongqiang Cao Fengjiao Li Xinan Wu | 2022 | Chinese Medical Journal2022，，6： | 3 |
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