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| 1 | Effect of initial material bulk density and easily-degraded organic matter content on temperature changes during composting of cucumber stalk显示文摘To inactivate the potentially pathogenic microorganisms and safely utilize vegetable waste compost, ultra-high temperatures(> 70°C) should be maintained during the composting without having an inhibitory effect on maturity. This study investigated the influence of bulk density(part 1) and easily-degraded organic matter content(EDOMC, part 2) on temperature evolution during vegetable waste composting: Part 1: corn straw with different particle sizes was used to achieve different bulk densities in the composting material(BD1–BD3); Part 2: partial or total substitution of the corn straw by corn starch was carried out to obtain different EDOMC(ED1–ED4). The composting experiments were conducted in a labscale reactor(1.75 kg material) and lasted for 30 d. Temperature and CO2 emission were recorded daily, and the organic matter, lignocellulose, microbial activity, germination index(GI) and C/N of the samples were measured at different stages. The highest temperature(65.7°C) in part 1 occurred in the treatment with the bulk density of 0.35 g/cm3, which also had the longest thermophilic phase. Bulk density was found to seriously influence the utilization efficiency of O2 and heat transfer through materials, rather than heat production from organic matter degradation. In experiment part 2, the highest temperature was obtained with EDOMC of 45%(71.4°C). Therefore, adjusting the bulk density to 0.35 g/cm3 and the easily-degraded organic matter content of the initial material to 45% was the best combination for reaching temperatures above 70°C during composting, with no inhibitory effect on the maturity of the compost product. | Ruixue Chang Qiuyue Guo Qing Chen Maria Pilar Bernal Qian Wang Yanming Li | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，6： | 11 |
| 2 | Synergistic effects of biochar/microbial inoculation on the enhancement of pig manure composting显示文摘With the aim to comparatively investigate the effect of the addition of additives such as biochar(BC),microbial inoculation(MI)and biochar/microbial inoculation(BCMI)on composting enhancement,nitrogen conservation,greenhouse gas emissions,the quality improvement of pig manure compost were comparatively investigated in a 42-day aerobic pig manure composting experiment.The results showed that the duration of the thermophilic stage,the degradation of organic matter and the detoxification of the compost were enhanced in the BC,MI and BCMI treatments compared with those in the control(without additive).Moreover,the content of total Kjeldahl nitrogen in the BC,MI and BCMI treatments was increased by 38.1,48.9 and 59.0%,respectively,through the reduction of NH_(3) volatilization and N_(2)O production,which were higher than those of the control(31.8%).A reduction in CH_(4) release during composting was not observed with the MI and BCMI treatments.Following 42 days of composting,the final product of the three treatments exhibited acceptable potential for use as a fertilizer in agriculture;the BCMI treatment showed an especially synergistic effect on pig manure composting enhancement. | Zhineng Tu Xiuna Ren Junchao Zhao Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi Quan Wang Mukesh Kumar Awasthi Zengqiang Zhang Ronghua Li | 2019 | Biochar2019，1，1： | 8 |
| 3 | Responses of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms to biochar and compost amendments of heavy metals-polluted soil显示文摘Heavy metal pollution affects soil ecological function.Biochar and compost can effectively remediate heavy metals and increase soil nutrients.The effects and mechanisms of biochar and compost amendments on soil nitrogen cycle function in heavy-metal contaminated soils are not fully understood.This study examined how biochar,compost,and their integrated use affected ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in heavy metal polluted soil.Quantitative PCR was used to determine the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)and bacteria(AOB).Ammonia monooxygenase(AMO)activity was evaluated by the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay.Results showed that compost rather than biochar improved nitrogen conversion in soil.Biochar,compost,or their integrated application significantly reduced the effective Zn and Cd speciation.Adding compost obviously increased As and Cu effective speciation,bacterial 16 S rRNA abundance,and AMO activity.AOB,stimulated by compost addition,was significantly more abundant than AOA throughout remediation.Correlation analysis showed that AOB abundance positively correlated with NO_(3)^(-)-N(r=0.830,P<0.01),and that AMO activity had significant correlation with EC(r=-0.908,P<0.01)and water-soluble carbon(r=-0.868,P<0.01).Those seem to be the most vital factors affecting AOB community and their function in heavy metal-polluted soil remediated by biochar and compost. | Mingyue Li Jiachao Zhang Xiao Yang Yaoyu Zhou Lihua Zhang Yuan Yang Lin Luo Qingyun Yan | 2021 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2021，33，4： | 5 |
| 4 | Research Progress on Resource Utilization of Municipal Sludge显示文摘The production of municipal sludge is huge,and the sludge contains a large quantity of organic matter and nutrient elements. In this study,the development status of sludge compost at home and abroad was briefly described,and the environmental risk of land use of sludge compost was summarized. Meanwhile,the utilization direction of sludge compost was proposed. The use of sludge compost in urban green soil and forestry soil is one of effective ways to solve the problem of municipal sludge. It also provides ideas for the disposal of domestic sludge. | Hu Yanyan Xu Fuyin Chen Xiang Bao Bing | 2019 | Meteorological and Environmental Research2019，10，2： | 2 |
| 5 | Investigation and analysis of the linkage mechanism and whole process cost of livestock manure organic fertilizer显示文摘In recent years,the utilization of manure resources for livestock and poultry farming has attracted a widespread attention,and manure resources utilization models suitable for different regional characteristics have formed gradually.Among them,the production of organic fertilizer from animal manure is a vital utilization method.However,there are still some problems such as high production costs,difficult sales,and the unwillingness of farmers to use organic fertilizers which have affected the breeding cycle and the sustainability of manure treatment in livestock and poultry breeding.This article selected 371 organic fertilizer plants,related farms and farmers in China,focusing on the main links of the entire process of livestock manure-organic fertilizer-farm application,and studied the mode of animal manure collection by organic fertilizer plants.The costs of organic fertilizer production and farmland application were discussed.Moreover,suggestions were made for the promotion and implementation of large-scale organic fertilizers to make good utilization of manure resources in livestock and poultry farming. | Shanshan Dong Bin Sui Yujun Shen Haibo Meng Lixin Zhao Jingtao Ding Haibin Zhou Xi Zhang Hongsheng Cheng Jian Wang Ran Li Liqiu Song Pengxiang Xu Ji Li | 2020 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2020，13，2： | 2 |
| 6 | Potential of biochar and organic amendments for reclamation of coastal acidic-salt affected soil显示文摘Salinity and acidity have affected several hundred million hectares of land throughout the globe which poses a major threat to global food security and biodiversity.Application of organic amendments for salt-affected soils has been identified as one of the most effective ways to mitigate salinity-induced problems and considered as a green technique offering twin benefits of waste load reduction and land reclamation.However,studies on reclaiming acidic-salt affected soils are limited.Therefore,this study aimed to determine the reclamation potential of biochars and organic amendments involving Gliricidia sepium biochar produced at 300℃,500℃,and 700℃,green waste compost,and municipal sewage sludge at three different amend-ment ratios,1.0%,2.5%and 5.0%.The incubation experiment was conducted for a 4-month period with different amendment ratios applied to the coastal acidic-salt affected soil.Subsamples were extracted from incubation pots after 1 and 4 months and analyzed for soil chemical parameters(pH,EC,NO_(3)^(−),PO_(4)^(3−,total organic carbon,cation exchange capacity,sodium adsorption ratio,exchangeable sodium percentage)and microbial enzyme activity(catalase activity,and acid-and alkaline phosphatase activity).All organic amendments demonstrated enhancement of the soil properties in a significant manner.However,increasing incubation time and amendment ratio increase the changes of soil parameters by a great percentage.Therefore,the maximum amendment ratio of 5.0%and 4 months of incubation period rendered a significant improvement in the reclamation of acidic-salt affected soil.However,the biochar produced at 500℃ contributed the maximum towards the improved physicochemical and biochemical profile of acidic-salt affected soil,making it the most promising organic amend-ment for the reclamation of acidic-salt affected soil.The overall reclamation efficiency of organic amendments registered the following order of variation:700 BC | Viraj Gunarathne Athula Senadeera Udaya Gunarathne Jayanta Kumar Biswas Yaser A.Almaroai Meththika Vithanage | 2020 | Biochar2020，2，1： | 2 |
| 7 | ANALYSIS OF FUNGI IN MUSHROOM COMPOST USING PCR AND TGGE OF RIBOSOMAL DNA显示文摘The fungal communities in mushroom compost phase Ⅱ was assessed using a combination of PCR amplification and sequencing of 18S rDNA from fungal isolates and “nested” PCR TGGE analysis on the basis of DNA directly extracted from compost samples. The diversity of cultivated fungi isolated from compost samples was low. A total of 11 isolates were related to only 2 different species. One species, Chaetomium elatum, was identified within 10 isolates, and the other, with high similarity belonged to Penicillium expansum. The fungal flora associated with mushroom compost was then monitored with “nested” PCR TGGE. The patterns obtained revealed the more complex existence of fungal communities from the original compost samples than from thoses enriched with food waste and cow slurry. | YANG Hong(杨虹) HANG Xiao-min(杭晓敏) LI Dao-tang(李道棠) CLIVE Edwards | 2002 | Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science)2002，7，1： | 2 |
| 8 | Co-composting of Chinese milk vetch with rice straw and using the compost as a peat substitute of seeding substrate of vegetables显示文摘Chinese milk vetch(Astragalussinicus L.)is an environment-friendly green manure used for rice with low carbon/nitrogen(C/N)ratio and high moisture.To improve the added values of milk vetch,the feasibility of co-composting of milk vetch with rice straw was evaluated.The probability of using the milk vetch-based compost as a peat substitute in seeding substrate of vegetable was further tested.The changes in physicochemical properties during co-composting of milk vetch and rice straw were evaluated,depending on three treatments:(1)milk vetch alone(MV),(2)co-composting of milk vetch and rice straws with 4:1 ration(w/w)(MV+S)and(3)MV+S with the addition of 3%(w/w)microbial inoculation(MV+S+M).The entire composting durations were 15 d,24 d,and 24 d in MV,MV+S,MV+S+M composts.Compare to MV compost,both the MV+S,MV+S+M composts increased the temperature,pH,organic C,total nitrogen(N),total potassium(K)and the germination index(GI)(over 100)during the cooling/mature phase,and decreased total N loss,and generally,the improvements or reductions were greater in the MV+S+M compost than in the MV+S compost.Additionally,the MV+S+M compost was added at a peat substitute rates of 0%,20%,40%,80%and 100%in a pot experiment to testify the utilization of milk vetch-based compost in substrates.The results showed that the substrate with 40%substitute rate increased the cabbage seeding growth,and that the electrical conductivity was the limiting factor of preventing the substitute rate increase.Another pot experiment demonstrated that the substrate with 40%peat substitute increased the cucumber growth as compared to the substrate without compost.In conclusion,the co-composting milk vetch with rice straw was feasible and quick,and microbial inoculation accelerated the composting process and improved the compost quality.The milk vetch-based composts were nutrient-rich and safe,and thus,can replace part of peat in vegetable seeding substrate. | Yunfeng Chen Cheng Hu Donghai Liu Shuanglai Li Yan Qiao | 2019 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2019，12，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Microbial response to designer biochar and compost treatments for mining impacted soils显示文摘The Oronogo-Duenweg mining belt is a designated United States Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site due to lead-contaminated soil and groundwater by former mining and smelting operations.Sites that have undergone remediation-in which the O,A,and B horizons have been removed alongside the lead contamination-have an exposed C horizon and are incalcitrant to revegetation efforts.Soils also continue to contain quantifiable Cd and Zn concentrations.To improve soil conditions and encourage successful site revegetation,our study employed three biochars,sourced from different feedstocks(poultry litter,beef cattle manure,and lodgepole pine),at two rates of application(2.5%,and 5%),coupled with compost(0%,2.5%and 5%application rates).Two plant species-switchgrass(Panicum virgatum)and buffalograss(Bouteloua dactyloides)-were grown in the amended soils.Amendment of soils with poultry litter biochar applied at 5%resulted in the greatest reduction of soil bioavailable Cd and Zn.Above-ground biomass yields were greatest with beef cattle manure biochar applied at 2.5%with 5%compost,or with 5%biochar at 2.5%and 5%compost rates.Maximal microbial biomass was achieved with 5%poultry litter biochar and 5%compost,and microbial communities in soils amended with poultry litter biochar distinctly clustered away from all other soil treatments.Additionally,poultry litter biochar amended soils had the highest enzyme activity rates forβ-glucosidase,N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase,and esterase.These results suggest that soil reclamation using biochar and compost can improve mine-impacted soil biogeophysical characteristics,and potentially improve future remediation efforts. | Thomas F.Ducey Jeffrey M.Novak Gilbert C.Sigua James A.Ippolito Hannah C.Rushmiller Donald W.Watts Kristin M.Trippe Kurt A.Spokas Kenneth C.Stone Mark G.Johnson | 2021 | Biochar2021，3，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Biodegradation of triclosan and triclocarban in sewage sludge during composting under three ventilation strategies显示文摘Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are widely used in home and personal care products as antimicrobial agents. After these products are used, TCS and TCC enter the terrestrial environment and pose a great risk to humans and animals. In this research, the biodegradation of TCS and TCC was investigated during sewage sludge composting with ventilation rates of 10& 92, and 79 m^3/min. TCS and TCC were mainly biodegraded in the mesophilic and thermophilic phases, and the biodegradation rates improved with an increase in ventilation. After sewage sludge was composted for 16 days with forced ventilation (108 m^3/min), the concentration of TCS decreased from 497.4 to 214.5 μg/kg, and the concentration of TCC decreased from 823.2 to 172.7 μg/kg. The biodegradation rates of TCS and TCC were 65.2% and 83.1%, respectively. However, after the sewage sludge was stacked for 16 days, the biodegradation rates of TCS and TCC were only 17.0% and 18.2%, respectively. The environmental risks of TCS and TCC in the sewage sludge piles significantly decreased after composting. In the sludge pile with a ventilation rate of 108 m/min, the RQ values of TCS and TCC decreased from 8.29 and 20.58 to 3.58 and 4.32 after composting for 16 days, respectively. There is still a high risk if the sludge compost is directly used as a culture substrate. Nevertheless, the environmental risk could be decreased distinctly if a reasonable quantity of sludge compost is applied to land to ensure an RQ of< 1 for TCS and TCC. | Bao Yu Guodi Zheng Xuedong Wang Min Wang Tongbin Chen | 2019 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2019，13，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Influence of P-enriched compost application on economics and P use efficiency of a maize–wheat rotation system显示文摘Crop phosphorus(P) deficiency and poor utilization of added P is a major agricultural problem due to reduced solubility of soil P and rapid fixation or precipitation of applied P fertilizer in alkaline and calcareous soils. The effects of P-enriched compost and single superphosphate(SSP) fertilization on maize and wheat yields and P use efficiency in a maize–wheat rotation system were studied for three years. On a three-year average, grain yields of maize and wheat after application of P-enriched compost were increased by 18% and 24%, respectively, in comparison with sole addition of a recommended dose of SSP fertilizer. P-enriched compost addition to soil increased maize and wheat yields by 12% and 17%, respectively, compared to P fertilizer plus FYM incorporation. Soil available P concentration and P uptake were affected significantly by the addition of P-enriched compost. On average, increases in P recovery, use efficiency, and agronomic efficiency of 52%, 18%, and 43% were recorded in maize and increases of 50%, 23%, and 49% in wheat. P-enriched compost application yielded 30% and 32%higher economic returns in maize and wheat than SSP fertilization alone. | Abdul Majeed Shahzada Munawar Mehdi Abid Niaz Abid Mahmood Ehsan-Ul-Haq Naeem Ahmad Shahid Javid Atif Mehmood | 2018 | The Crop Journal2018，6，6： | 1 |
| 12 | EXPLORING THE RECYCLING OF MANURE FROM URBAN LIVESTOCK FARMS:A CASE STUDY IN ETHIOPIA显示文摘Urban population growth is driving the expansion of urban and peri-urban agriculture(UPA)in developing countries.UPA is providing nutritious food to residents but the manures produced by UPA livestock farms and other wastes are not properly recycled.This paper explores the effects of four scenarios:(1)a reference scenario(business as usual),(2)increased urbanization,(3)UPA intensification,and(4)improved technology,on food-protein self-sufficiency,manure nitrogen(N)recycling and balances for four different zones in a small city(Jimma)in Ethiopia during the period 2015-2050.An N mass flow model with data from farm surveys,field experiments and literature was used.A field experiment was conducted and N use efficiency and N fertilizer replacement values differed among the five types of composts derived from urban livestock manures and kitchen wastes.The N use efficiency and N fertilizer replacement values were used in the N mass flow model.Livestock manures were the main organic wastes in urban areas,although only 20 to 40%of animal-sourced food consumed was produced in UPA,and only 14 to 19%of protein intake by residents was animal-based.Scenarios indicate that manure production in UPA will increase 3 to 10 times between 2015 and 2050,depending on urbanization and UPA intensification.Only 13 to 38%of manure N will be recycled in croplands.Farm-gate N balances of UPA livestock farms will increase to>1 t·ha−1 in 2050.Doubling livestock productivity and feed protein conversion to animal-sourced food will roughly halve manure N production.Costs of waste recycling were high and indicate the need for government incentives.Results of these senarios are wake-up calls for all stakeholders and indicate alternative pathways. | Solomon Tulu TADESSE Oene OENEMA Christy van BEEK Fikre Lemessa OCHO | 2021 | Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering2021，8，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Use of Agroecological Techniques by Smallholder Farmers to Improve Sorghum Productivity in Burkina Faso显示文摘The prevailing farming system in Burkina Faso is smallholder agriculture based on cereal production, especially sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) which form the staple diet for the population. Production is constantly challenged by climate hazards, striga (Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth.) infestation, inefficient farming practices and declining soil fertility. To address these concerns, one study on several agroecological techniques was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in a participative manner with more than 150 male and female farmers from four communities. Each farmer was asked to test out two or three agroecological techniques of his choice and to measure these new techniques against their usual farming practices. These techniques combined the use of organic fertilizer (5 t/ha) and/or mineral fertilizer (2 g/seed hole) with the systems of crop rotation and mixed cropping, in addition to the improved za? technique and the half-moon method. Plant material was composed of local landraces and improved varieties of sorghum, sesame and cowpea. On-farm application of agroecological techniques resulted in significantly increased sorghum production in all four communities. The rates of increase for grain yield were 8% for the half-moon fields and more than 130% for the rotation systems when compared to the farmers’ usual practices. More limited results were achieved with the chemical components of the soil after two years of experimentation. Only the soil’s organic matter showed improvement over the first year. This study shows that crop rotation, mixed cropping and the improved za? technique in combination with compost and improved drought-resistant varieties constitute agroecological strategies favorable to the intensification and diversification of farming systems in the studied locations. The farmers were above all impressed by the on-site management of compost by means of the za? technique which enabled large-scale fertilization of fields. | Zomboudré Georges Youma Issaka Abdoulaye Batta Fatou Kaboré Roger Bourgou Tsuamba Gubbels Peter | 2018 | Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B)2018，8，8： | 1 |
| 14 | Studies on Fast Remediation of Soda Meadow Alkaline Soil显示文摘Researches on models of remediation quickly in soda meadow alkaline soil, and dynamic variation of water-salt in saline soil of Zhaozhou County were studied systematically from 2001 to 2006. Realize the vegetation cover of those years through the artificial planting, mixed seeding lyme grass (Elymus dahuricus Turcz) and melilot in the mode of rotary tillage and deep loosening in lower and medium saline soils. The results showed that there was remarkable relationship between net evaporation (difference of precipitation and evaporation) and total salt content in the soil. The net evaporation could be used as a new method to forecast the dynamics variation of salt to ensure the pasture optimum sowing time. Realize the autumnal vegetation cover of those years through direct planting on the bourgeon layer of soda meadow alkaline soil, on the other hand, the covered pasture made the function of restraining salt and alkaline content to realize the biology reverse succession quickly. Forage seeds were seeded directly on the seeding bed of soda alkaline meadow at the end of July. In fall of the same year, a certain amount of biomass was obtained. The model, which has remarkable economical efficiency and use widely, represented the innovative model for the fast vegetation restoration on the soda alkaline meadow soil. | ZHOU Lianren SUN Yankun LI Dawei | 2010 | Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)2010，17，4： | 0 |
| 15 | Sustainable Recycling of Livestock Wastes by Composting and Environmentally Friendly Control of Wastewater and Odors显示文摘Excess amounts of livestock wastes are excreted in limited area and cause pollution problems in Japan.Comparative studies on livestock waste management among EU(European Union),US(the United States of America)and Asia including Japan are surveyed.In Japan,livestock wastes are mostly separated into solid and liquid matter.Solid matter is converted into organic fertilizer by means of composting.Composting should be developed into the technology that has low emission,high-quality and low cost.Various odorous compounds are emitted from the process of livestock waste management.Odor emission from livestock farms should be mitigated to protect the local community.High-quality compost can be widely distributed to cropland to decrease expenditure of chemical fertilizer.Although liquid matter,namely wastewater or slurry,could be applied to cropland of livestock farms such as EU countries,most of Japanese farms do not have enough cropland to use liquid matter.Particularly pig farms have no area to spread wastewater,which should be purified to clean water in accordance with the criteria of water quality and could be discharged into public water area.The most desirable management of livestock wastes should involve sustainable recycling as compost and environmentally friendly control of odors and wastewater. | Kiyonori Haga | 2021 | Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)2021，10，5： | 0 |
| 16 | Co-application of compost or inorganic NPK fertilizer with biochar influences soil quality,grain yield and net income of rice显示文摘Most agricultural soils in sub-Saharan Africa are degraded,compromising the grain yield of rice and farmers return on investment.A 3-year field study was undertaken to explore the effect of the application of compost or inorganic NPK fertilizer applied alone or in combination with biochar on soil quality,grain yield of rice and net income.The five treatments were laid out using a randomized complete block design with four replications.The treatments were applied to supply approximately 75 kg N ha–1.The best fertilizer input was compost+biochar which resulted in the greatest improvement in soil physico-chemical properties by reducing bulk density and increasing porosity and moisture retention,organic matter content,percent nitrogen,available phosphorus and cation exchange capacity.Apart from treatment with inorganic fertilizer alone,treated soils showed a decrease in pH.Bacterial and fungal counts and basal respiration decreased in soils in the following order:compost+biochar>compost only>inorganic NPK fertilizer+biochar>inorganic NPK fertilizer>control.The increase in pooled grain yield and net income in response to treatment followed the order:compost+biochar>NPK+biochar>NPK>compost>control.The findings suggest that the use of compost or NPK alone might improve soil quality and increase grain yield and net income,but it is greatly recommended to co-apply these fertilisers with biochar. | Christian Adler PHARES Selorm AKABA | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2022，21，12： | 0 |
| 17 | Screening of Fermentation Starters for Organic Fertilizer Composted from Chicken Manure显示文摘In order to find fermentation starters that can promote rapid and effective composting of chicken manure,shorten the fermentation period,and improve the compost quality,fermentation starters with different microbial combination ratios(C1,C2,C3,C4 and C5) were designed and fermentation experiment was carried out on these five fermentation starters,commercially available organic fertilizer starter(SS),and chicken manure without inoculating fermentation starter. In the process of the fermentation,the changes in the fermentation temperature,water content and pH value were monitored; the effects of organic manure on the germination rate and growth of rapeseed seeds were measured;viable count,water content,and pH value of prepared fermentation starters were measured; main indicators( organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium) of organic fertilizer generated from fermentation were measured. From the indicators,the formula C3 and C4 were better,in the beginning of fermentation,the temperature rose rapidly,and it reached 40 ℃ in the second day; the water content dropped to below 35% in the 18 th day; the pH value underwent the process of declining-rising-stable,and the overall value showed slight rise,but the change was not great( 0-0. 5). C3 and C4 fermentation products had better effects on the germination and growth of rapeseeds. The germination rate of the rapeseed seeds was 100% and 97. 5% and the bud length was 15. 94 mm and 14. 57 mm,respectively,and the root length was45. 97 mm and 39. 44 mm,respectively. The content of organic matter in fermented organic manure was 86. 62% and 85. 17% respectively,and the total content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was 8. 85% and 8. 22% respectively,and the pH was 7. 5 and 8. 0 respectively.All of these complied with the industry standard NY525-2012( organic matter ≥ 45%,and nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium ≥ 5%,pH 5. 5-8. 5). The fermentation of fresh chicken manure was completed within 20 days,conforming to the requirements of large-scale organic fertilizer production factory for composting chicken manure into organic fertilizer. | Jifeng CHEN Lishen SHI Hongyuan LIU Jie YANG Ruiliang GUO Dong CHEN Xiaoxin JIANG Yuxiang LIU | 2017 | Asian Agricultural Research2017，9，4： | 0 |
| 18 | Lantana camara——an Ecological Bioindicator Plant for Decontamination of Pb-Impaired Soil Under Organic Waste-Supplemented Scenarios显示文摘Heavy metal extraction and processing from ores releases elements into the environment. Soil, being an 'unfortunate' sink, has its bionomics impaired and affected by metal pollution. Metals sneak into the food chain and pose risk to humans and other edaphicdependent organisms. For decontamination, the use of an ecosystem-friendly approach involving plants is known as phytoremediation.In this study, different lead(Pb) concentrations(80, 40, 20, and 10 mg kg^(-1)) were used to contaminate a well-characterized soil,(un)supplemented with organic waste empty fruit bunch(EFB) or spent mushroom compost(SMC), with non-edible plant—Lantana camara. Lead removal by L. camara ranged from 45.51% to 88.03% for supplemented soil, and from 23.7% to 57.8% for unsupplemented soil(P < 0.05). The EFB-supplemented and L. camara-remediated soil showed the highest counts of heavy metal-resistant bacteria(HMRB)(79.67 × 10~6–56.0 × 10~6 colony forming units(CFU) g^(-1) soil), followed by SMC-supplemented and L. camara-remediated soil(63.33 × 10~6–39.0 × 10~6 CFU g^(-1) soil). Aerial metal uptake ranged from 32.08 ± 0.8 to 5.03 ± 0.08 mg kg^(-1) dry weight, and the bioaccumulation factor ranged from 0.401 to 0.643(P < 0.05). Half-lives(t_(1/2)) of Pb were 7.24–2.26 d in supplemented soil,18.39–11.83 d in unsupplemented soil, and 123.75–38.72 d in the soil without plants and organic waste. Freundlich isotherms showed that the intensity of metal absorption(n) ranged from 2.44 to 2.51 for supplemented soil, with regression coefficients of determination(R^2) between 0.901 2 and 0.984 0. The computed free-energy change(?G) for Pb absorption ranged from -5.01 to 0.49 kJ mol^(-1) K^(-1) for EFB-supplemented soil and -3.93 to 0.49 k J mol^(-1) K^(-1) for SMC-supplemented soil. | Frank Ogenna ALARIBE Pariatamby AGAMUTHU | 2019 | Pedosphere2019，29，2： | 0 |
| 19 | Research on Composting and Substrate Utilization of Garden Waste显示文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate how to use garden waste resources.[Methods]With garden waste as a raw material for composting treatment,the effects of adding starters on the decomposing effects of garden waste were investigated,and the changes in temperature and microorganisms during the decomposing process were analyzed.On this basis,the compost products were used to partially replace peat to make pepper seedling substrates,so as to further confirm the possibility of the use of compost products as substrates.[Results]Adding organic material starter or biological bacterial fertilizer starter could help garden waste to decompose and accelerate the composting process;and making seedling substrates by using garden waste compost products to partially replace peat could significantly improve the emergence rate,strong seedling index and fresh weight of pepper.The compost products fermented with the two kinds of starters had better substitution effects and higher seedling quality indexes.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for the substrate utilization of garden waste. | Jiaomeng ZHANG Mei CHEN Mengyao ZHU Wenwen YU Junchi YAO Xiuya XU Xuqin REN | 2021 | Agricultural Biotechnology2021，10，4： | 0 |
| 20 | Airflow field simulation model building and application for aerobic compost using CFD显示文摘Composting is a suitable low-cost strategy to transform animal waste into a stabilized end product,and the airflow field in the pile affects the fermentation states.For piles in the aeration weak zone,anaerobic fermentation may happen as the lack of oxygen.While in practice,due to the extremely low speed and harsh condition,the airflow field was scarcely researched.This study adopted Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)to investigate the airflow field in the compost pile.A three-dimensional CFD model was built;the compost pile in this model was simplified as porous media;unstructured mesh was adopted to discretize the geometric model;standard k-εmodel and SIMPLE scheme were employed for numerical methods.The CFD model was validated with the field experiment in the cooling period.Then the model was applied to research the airflow field in the pile with increased pipe diameter.Results showed that it was feasible to investigate the airflow field in the pile with CFD.For boundary conditions in the CFD model,treating the compost pile as a homogeneous porous media is reasonable.The CFD model was successfully validated by the field measurement(the average relative difference between the simulated and measured air speed was within 10%).Airflow in the existing compost pile showed nonuniform distribution with stagnation and vortex zones;the turbulence intensities were 3.57 and 1.43 for the airflow in the pile and the reactor,respectively.When pipe diameter increased,the airflow distribution uniformity in the pile was improved significantly.With diameter raising to 0.04 m,the turbulence intensity decreased to 1.54 and 0.42 for the airflow in the pile and the reactor,respectively.The CFD model developed in this research can provide qualitative and quantitative analyses of the airflow field in compost piles,and can be a theoretical basis for the aeration system design. | Qiongyi Cheng Haibo Meng Haibin Zhou Yujun Shen Hongsheng Cheng Jingtao Ding Shihao Zhao Shance Hou | 2021 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2021，14，4： | 0 |
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