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| 1 | Different treatment strategies and molecular features between right-sided and left-sided colon cancers显示文摘The colon is derived from the embryological midgut and hindgut separately,with the right colon and left colon having different features with regards to both anatomical and physiological characteristics.Cancers located in the right and left colon are referred to as right colon cancer(RCC) and left colon cancer(LCC),respectively,based on their apparent anatomical positions.Increasing evidence supports the notion that not only are there differences in treatment strategies when dealing with RCC and LCC,but molecular features also vary between them,not to mention the distinguishing clinical manifestations.Disease-free survival after radical surgery of both RCC and LCC are similar.In the treatment of RCC,the benefit gained from adjuvant FOLFIRI chemotherapy is superior,or at least similar,to LCC,but inferior to LCC if FOLFOX regimen is applied.On the other hand,metastatic LCC exhibits longer survival than that of RCC in a palliative chemotherapy setting.For KRAS wild-type cancers,LCC benefits more from cetuximab treatment than RCC.Moreover,advanced LCC shows a higher sensitivity to bevacizumab treatment in comparison with advanced RCC.Significant varieties exist at the molecular level between RCC and LCC,which may serve as the cause of all apparent differences.With respect to carcinogenesis mechanisms,RCC is associated with known gene types,such as MMR,KRAS,BRAF,and mi RNA-31,while LCC is associated with CIN,p53,NRAS,mi RNA-146 a,mi RNA-147 b,and mi RNA-1288.Regarding protein expression,RCC is related to GNAS,NQO1,telomerase activity,P-PDH,and annexin A10,while LCC is related to Topo I,TS,and EGFR.In addition,separated pathways dominate progressionto relapse in RCC and LCC.Therefore,RCC and LCC should be regarded as two heterogeneous entities,with this heterogeneity being used to stratify patients in order for them to have the optimal,current,and novel therapeutic strategies in clinical practice.Additional research is needed to uncover further differences between RCC and LCC. | Hong Shen Jiao Yang Qing Huang Meng-Jie Jiang Yi-Nuo Tan Jian-Fei Fu Li-Zhen Zhu Xue-Feng Fang Ying Yuan | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，21： | 33 |
| 2 | Mechanisms of drug resistance in colon cancer and its therapeutic strategies显示文摘Drug resistance develops in nearly all patients with colon cancer, leading to a decrease in the therapeutic efficacies of anticancer agents. This review provides an up-to-date summary on over-expression of ATPbinding cassette(ABC) transporters and evasion of apoptosis, two representatives of transport-based and non-transport-based mechanisms of drug resistance, as well as their therapeutic strategies. Different ABC transporters were found to be up-regulated in colon cancer, which can facilitate the efflux of anticancer drugs out of cancer cells and decrease their therapeutic effects. Inhibition of ABC transporters by suppressing their protein expressions or co-administration of modulators has been proven as an effective approach to sensitize drug-resistant cancer cells to anticancer drugs in vitro. On the other hand, evasion of apoptosis observed in drug-resistant cancers also results in drug resistance to anticancer agents, especially to apoptosis inducers. Restoration of apoptotic signals by BH3 mimetics or epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and inhibition of cancer cell growth by alternative cell death pathways, such as autophagy, are effective means to treat such resistant cancer types. Given that the drug resistance mechanisms are different among colon cancer patients and may change even in a single patient at different stages, personalized and specific combination therapy is proposed to be more effective and safer for the reversal of drug resistance in clinics. | Tao Hu Zhen Li Chun-Ying Gao Chi Hin Cho | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，30： | 29 |
| 3 | Mutant p53 in colon cancer显示文摘The accumulation of genetic alterations in driver genes is responsible for the development and malignant progression of colorectal cancer. Comprehensive genome analyses have revealed the driver genes, including APC, KRAS, TGFBR2, and TP53, whose mutations are frequently found in human colorectal cancers. Among them, the p53 mutation is found in ~60% of colorectal cancers, and a majority of mutations are missense-type at ‘hot spots’, suggesting an oncogenic role of mutant p53 by ‘gain-of-function’ mechanisms. Mouse model studies have shown that one of these missense-type mutations, p53 R270H (corresponding to human R273H), causes submucosal invasion of intestinal tumors, while the loss of wild-type p53 has a limited effect on the invasion process. Furthermore, the same mutant p53 promotes metastasis when combined with Kras activation and TGF-β suppression. Importantly, either missense-type p53 mutation or loss of wild-type p53 induces NF-κB activation by a variety of mechanisms, such as increasing promoter accessibility by chromatin remodeling, which may contribute to progression to epithelial–mesenchymal transition. These results indicate that missense-type p53 mutations together with loss of wild-type p53 accelerate the late stage of colorectal cancer progression through the activation of both oncogenic and inflammatory pathways. Accordingly, the suppression of the mutant p53 function via the inhibition of nuclear accumulation is expected to be an effective strategy against malignant progression of colorectal cancer. | Mizuho Nakayama Masanobu Oshima | 2019 | Journal of Molecular Cell Biology2019，11，4： | 22 |
| 4 | Short-term outcomes of overlapped delta-shaped anastomosis, an innovative intracorporeal anastomosis technique, in totally laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer显示文摘AIM To introduce an innovative intracorporeal anastomosis technique named overlapped delta-shaped anastomosis(ODA)for colon cancer cases undergoing totally laparoscopic colectomy(TLC)and to assess its feasibility and safety. METHODS From January 2016 to March 2017,a total of 20consecutive patients with colon cancer accepted TLC and the ODA technique at our medical center.Patient demographics,operative outcomes,perioperative complications,and pathological results were collected and analyzed. RESULTS We successfully completed TLC and the ODA procedure in all 20 cases,including 6(30%)males and 14(70%)females.In total,11(55%),2(10%),and 7(35%)cases accepted right hemicolectomy,transverse hemicolectomy,and left hemicolectomy,respectively.None of the surgeries were converted to an open operation.Mean operative time was 178.5 min,and mean estimated blood loss was 58.5 m L.Mean time to first flatus was 2.5 d,and mean postoperative hospitalization duration was 6.8 d.No severe complications occurred,such as anastomotic leakage,snastomotic stenosis,anastomotic bleeding,and wound infection,except for one case who suffered from an abdominal infection and another case who suffered from gastric paralysis syndrome.Tumor recurrence was not observed in any patient during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION The ODA technique for colon cancer cases undergoing TLC appears to be safe and feasible,although our current results need to be verified in further studies. | Hai-Tao Zhou Peng Wang Jian-Wei Liang Hao Su Zhi-Xiang Zhou | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，36： | 19 |
| 5 | Mechanisms linking dietary fiber, gut microbiota and colon cancer prevention显示文摘Many epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that dietary fiber plays an important role in colon cancer prevention. These findings may relate to the ability of fiber to reduce the contact time of carcinogens within the intestinal lumen and to promote healthy gut microbiota, which modifies the host's metabolism in various ways. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which dietary fiber-dependent changes in gut microbiota enhance bile acid deconjugation, produce short chain fatty acids, and modulate inflammatory bioactive substances can lead to a better understanding of the beneficial role of dietary fiber. This article reviews the current knowledge concerning the mechanisms via which dietary fiber protects against colon cancer. | Huawei Zeng Darina L Lazarova Michael Bordonaro | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2014，6，2： | 19 |
| 6 | SHP2 inhibition triggers anti-tumor immunity and synergizes with PD-1 blockade显示文摘Tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is a promising drug target in cancer immunotherapy due to its bidirectional role in both tumor growth promotion and T-cell inactivation. Its allosteric inhibitor SHP099 is known to inhibit cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. However, whether SHP099-mediated SHP2 inhibition retards tumor growth in vivo via anti-tumor immunity remains elusive. To address this, a CT-26 colon cancer xenograft model was established in mice since this cell line is insensitive to SHP099.Consequently, SHP099 minimally affected CT-26 tumor growth in immuno-deficient nude mice, but significantly decreased the tumor burden in CT-26 tumor-bearing mice with intact immune system.SHP099 augmented anti-tumor immunity, as shown by the elevated proportion of CD8tIFN-γtT cells and the upregulation of cytotoxic T-cell related genes including Granzyme B andPerforin, which decreased the tumor load. In addition, tumor growth in mice with SHP2-deficient T-cells was markedly slowed down because of enhanced anti-tumor responses. Finally, the combination of SHP099 and antiPD-1 antibody showed a higher therapeutic efficacy than either monotherapy in controlling tumor growthin two colon cancer xenograft models, indicating that these agents complement each other. Our study suggests that SHP2 inhibitor SHP099 is a promising candidate drug for cancer immunotherapy. | Mingxia Zhao Wenjie Guo Yuanyuan Wu Chenxi Yang Liang Zhong Guoliang Deng Yuyu Zhu Wen Liu Yanhong Gu Yin Lu Lingdong Kong Xiangbao Meng Qiang Xu Yang Sun | 2019 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2019，9，2： | 18 |
| 7 | Circular RNA PIP5K1A promotes colon cancer development through inhibiting mi R-1273a显示文摘BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are considered to be highly stable due to the closed structure, which are predominately correlated with the development and progression of a wide variety of cancers. Colon cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. A recent study demonstrated the upregulated expression of circPIP5K1A in non-small cell lung cancer. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between circ_0014130 level and colon cancer. Therefore, elucidating the underlying mechanisms of circPIP5K1A’s role may help with the identification of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for colon cancer. AIM To investigate the status of circPIP5K1A in colon cancers and its effects on the modulation of cancer development. METHODS The expression level of circPIP5K1A in tissue and serum samples from colon cancer patients, as well as human colonic cancer cell lines was detected by realtime quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Following the transfection of specifically synthesized small interfering RNA (siRNA) into colon cell lines, we used Hoechst staining assay to measure the ratio of cell death in the absence of circPIP5K1A. Moreover, we also used the Transwell assay to assess the migratory function of colon cells overexpressing circPIP5K1A. Additionally, we employed a series of bioinformatics prediction programs to predict the potential of circPIP5K1A-targeted miRNAs and mRNAs. The miR-1273a vector was constructed, and then transfected with or without circPIP5K1A vector into colon cancer cells. Afterwards, the expression of activator protein 1 (AP-1), interferon regulating factor 4 (IRF-4), caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX-2), and zinc finger of the cerebellum 1 (Zic-1) was detected by western blotting. RESULTS CircPIP5K1A was significantly upregulated in colon cancer tissue relative to their adjacent normal tissues. Knockdown of circPIP5K1A in colon cancer cells impaired cell viability and suppressed cell invasion and migration, while enforced expression of circPIP5K1A exhibited the opposite effects on cell migration. Bioinformatics prediction program predicted that the association of circPIP5K1A with miR-1273a, as well as AP-1, IRF-4, CDX-2, and Zic-1. Subsequent studies showed that overexpression of circPIP5K1A augmented the expression of AP-1 but attenuated the expression of IRF-4, CDX-2, and Zic-1. Reciprocally, overexpression of miR-1273a abrogated the oncogenic function of circPIP5K1A in colon cancers. CONCLUSION Overall, our data demonstrate the oncogenic role of circPIP5K1A-miR-1273a axis in regulation of colon cancer development, which provides a novel insights into colon cancer pathogenesis. | Qu Zhang Chi Zhang Jian-Xin Ma Hui Ren Yu Sun Jiao-Zhen Xu | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，35： | 18 |
| 8 | Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of lymph node metastasis in early colorectal cancer显示文摘AIM: To assess the role of computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and establish imaging criteria of lymph node metastasis in early colorectal cancer.METHODS: One hundred and sixty patients with early colorectal cancer were evaluated for tumor location, clinical history of polypectomy, depth of tumor invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Two radiologists assessed preoperative CT and/or MRI for the primary tumor site detectability, the presence or absence of regional lymph node, and the size of the largest lymph node. Demographic, imaging, and pathologic findings were compared between the two groups of patients based on pathologic lymph node metastasis and optimal size criterion was obtained.RESULTS: The locations of tumor were ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon, and rectum. One hundred and sixty early colorectal cancers were classified into 3 groups based on the pathological depth of tumor invasion; mucosa, submucosa, and depth unavailable. A total of 20(12.5%) cancers with submucosal invasion showed lymph node metastasis. Lymph nodes were detected on CT or MRI in 53 patients. The detection rate and size of lymph nodes were significantly higher(P = 0.000, P = 0.044, respectively) in patients with pathologic nodal metastasis than in patients without nodal metastasis. Receiver operating curve analysis showed that a cut-off value of 4.1 mm is optimal with a sensitivity of 78.6% and specificity of 75%.CONCLUSION: The short diameter size criterion of≥ 4.1 mm for metastatic lymph nodes was optimal for nodal staging in early colorectal cancer. | Joonsung Choi Soon Nam Oh Dong-Myung Yeo Won Kyung Kang Chan-Kwon Jung Sang Woo Kim Michael Yong Park | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，2： | 16 |
| 9 | Prognostic significance of preoperative fibrinogen in patients with colon cancer显示文摘AIM:To investigate the prognostic significance of preoperative fibrinogen levels in colon cancer patients.METHODS:A total of 255 colon cancer patients treated at the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 1st 2005 to June 1st 2008 were enrolled in the study.All patients received radical surgery as their primary treatment method.Preoperative fibrinogen was detected by the Clauss method,and all patients were followed up after surgery.Preoperative fibrinogen measurements were correlated with a number of clinicopathological parameters using the Student t test and analysis of variance.Survival analyses were performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression modeling to measure 5-year disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS).RESULTS:The mean preoperative fibrinogen concentration of all colon cancer patients was 3.17±0.88 g/L.Statistically significant differences were found between preoperative fibrinogen levels and the clinicopathological parameters of age,smoking status,tumor size,tumor location,tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)stage,modified Glasgow prognostic scores(mGPS),white blood cell(WBC)count,neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)levels.Univariate survival analysis showed that TNM stage,tumor cell differentiation grade,vascular invasion,mGPS score,preoperative fibrinogen,WBC,NLR,PLR and CEA all correlated with both OS and DFS.Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and body mass index correlated only with OS.Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that both OS and DFS of the total cohort,as well as of the stageⅡandⅢpatients,were higher in the hypofibrinogen group compared to the hyperfibrinogen group(all P<0.05).In contrast,there was no significant difference between OS and DFS in stageⅠpatients with low or high fibrinogen levels.Cox regression analysis indicated preoperative fibrinogen levels,TNM stage,mGPS score,CEA,and AFP levels correlated with both OS and DFS.CONCLUSION:Preoperative fibrinogen levels can serve as an independent prognostic marker to evaluate patient response to colon cancer treatment. | Zhen-Qiang Sun Xiao-Na Han Hai-Jiang Wang Yong Tang Ze-Liang Zhao Yan-Li Qu Rui-Wei Xu Yan-Yan Liu Xian-Bo Yu | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，26： | 16 |
| 10 | Sleep,immunity and inflammation in gastrointestinal disorders显示文摘Sleep disorders have become a global issue,and discovering their causes and consequences are the focus of many research endeavors.An estimated 70 million Americans suffer from some form of sleep disorder.Certain sleep disorders have been shown to cause neurocognitive impairment such as decreased cognitive ability,slower response times and performance detriments.Recent research suggests that individuals with sleep abnormalities are also at greater risk of serious adverse health,economic consequences,and most importantly increased all-cause mortality.Several research studies support the associations among sleep,immune function and inflammation.Here,we review the current research linking sleep,immune function,and gastrointestinal diseases and discuss the interdependent relationship between sleep and these gastrointestinal disorders.Different physiologic processes including immune system and inflammatory cytokines help regulate the sleep.The inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor,interleukin-1(IL-1),and IL-6 have been shown to be a significant contributor of sleep disturbances.On the other hand,sleep disturbances such as sleep deprivation have been shown to up regulate these inflammatory cytokines.Alterations in these cytokine levels have been demonstrated in certain gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease,gastro-esophageal reflux,liver disorders and colorectal cancer.In turn,abnormal sleep brought on by these diseases is shown to contribute to the severity of these same gastrointestinal diseases.Knowledge of these relationships will allow gastroenterologists a great opportunity to enhance the care of their patients. | Tauseef Ali James Choe Ahmed Awab Theodore L Wagener William C Orr | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，48： | 15 |
| 11 | Protective links between vitamin D,inflammatory boweldisease and colon cancer显示文摘Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with a wide range of diseases and multiple forms of cancer including breast, colon, and prostate cancers. Relatively recent work has demonstrated vitamin D to be critical in immune function and therefore important in inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). Because vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is increasingly prevalent around the world, with an estimated 30%-50% of children and adults at risk for vitamin D deficiency worldwide, it could have a significant impact on IBD. Epidemiologic studies suggest that low serum vitamin D levels are a risk factor for IBD and colon cancer, and vitamin D supplementation is associated with decreased colitis disease activity and/or alleviated symptoms. Patients diagnosed with IBD have a higher incidence of colorectal cancer than the general population, which supports the notion that inflammation plays a key role in cancer development and underscores the importance of understanding how vitamin D influences inflammation and its cancer-promoting effects. In addition to human epidemiological data, studies utilizing mouse models of colitis have shown that vitamin D is beneficial in preventing or ameliorating inflammation and clinical disease. The precise role of vitamin D on colitis is unknown; however, vitamin D regulates immune cell trafficking and differentiation, gut barrier function and antimicrobial peptide synthesis, all of which may be protective from IBD and colon cancer. Here we focus on effects of vitamin D on inflammation and inflammation-associated colon cancer and discuss the potential use of vitamin D for protection and treatment of IBD and colon cancer. | Stacey Meeker Audrey Seamons Lillian Maggio-Price Jisun Paik | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，3： | 15 |
| 12 | Lymph node staging in colorectal cancer:Old controversies and recent advances显示文摘Outcome prediction based on tumor stage reflected by the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control(UICC)tumor node metastasis(TNM)system is currently regarded as the strongest prognostic parameter for patients with colorectal cancer.For affected patients,the indication for adjuvant therapy is mainly guided by the presence of regional lymph node metastasis.In addition to the extent of surgical lymph node removal and the thoroughness of the pathologist in dissecting the resection specimen,several parameters that are related to the pathological work-up of the dissected nodes may affect the clinical significance of lymph node staging.These include changing definitions of lymph nodes,involved lymph nodes,and tumor deposits in different editions of the AJCC/UICC TNM system as well as the minimum number of nodes to be dissected.Methods to increase the lymph node yield in the fatty tissue include methylene blue injection and acetone compression.Outcome prediction based on the lymph node ratio,defined as the number of positive lymph nodes divided by the total number of retrieved nodes,may be superior to the absolute numbers of involved nodes.Extracapsular invasion has been identified as additional prognostic factor.Adding step sectioning and immunohistochemistry to the pathological work-up may result in higher accuracy of histological diagnosis.The clinical value of more recent technical advances,such as sentinel lymph node biopsy and molecular analysis of lymph nodes tissue still remains to be defined. | Annika Resch Cord Langner | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，46： | 14 |
| 13 | Five-year long-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer显示文摘AIM:To perform a meta-analysis to answer whether long-term recurrence rates after laparoscopic-assisted surgery are comparable to those reported after open surgery.METHODS:A comprehensive literature search of the MEDLINE database,EMBASE database,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for the years 1991-2010 was performed.Prospective randomized clinical trials(RCTs)were eligible if they included patients with colon cancer treated by laparoscopic surgery vs open surgery and followed for more than five years.RESULTS:Three studies involving 2147 patients reported long-term outcomes based on five-year data and were included in the analysis.The overall mortality was similar in the two groups(24.9%,268/1075 in the laparoscopic group and 26.4%,283/1072 in open group).No significant differences between laparoscopic and open surgery were found in overall mortality during the follow-up period of these studies[OR(fixed) 0.92,95%confidence intervals(95%CI):0.76-1.12,P=0.41].No significant difference in the development of overall recurrence was found in colon cancer patients,when comparing laparoscopic and open surgery [2147 pts,19.3%vs 20.0%;OR(fixed)0.96,95% CI:0.78-1.19,P=0.71].CONCLUSION:This meta-analysis suggests that laparoscopic surgery was as efficacious and safe as open surgery for colon cancer,based on the five-year data of these included RCTs. | Bai HL Chen B Zhou Y Wu XT. | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，39： | 13 |
| 14 | Dietary polyphenols and colorectal cancer risk:The Fukuoka colorectal cancer study显示文摘AIM:To investigate the associations between dietary intake of polyphenols and colorectal cancer. METHODS:The study subjects were derived from the Fukuoka colorectal cancer study, a community-based case-control study. The study subjects were 816 cases of colorectal cancer and 815 community-based controls. The consumption of 148 food items was assessed by a computer-assisted interview. We used the consumption of 97 food items to estimate dietary intakes of total, tea and coffee polyphenols. The Phenol-Explorer database was used for 92 food items. Of the 5 foods which were not listed in the Phenol-Explorer Database, polyphenol contents of 3 foods (sweet potatoes, satoimo and daikon) were based on a Japanese study and 2 foods (soybeans and fried potatoes) were estimated by ORAC-based polyphenol contents in the United States Department of Agriculture Database. Odds ratios (OR) and 95%CI of colorectal cancer risk according to quintile categories of intake were obtained by using logistic regression models with adjustment for age, sex, residential area, parental history of colorectal cancer, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index 10 years before, type of job, leisure-time physical activity and dietary intakes of calcium and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.RESULTS:There was no measurable difference in total or tea polyphenol intake between cases and controls, but intake of coffee polyphenols was lower in cases than in controls. The multivariate-adjusted OR of colorectal cancer according to quintile categories of coffee polyphenols (from the first to top quintile) were 1.00 (referent), 0.81 (95%CI:0.60-1.10), 0.65 (95%CI:0.47-0.89), 0.65 (95%CI:0.46-0.89) and 0.82 (95%CI:0.60-1.10), respectively (P trend = 0.07). Similar, but less pronounced, decreases in the OR were also noted for the third and fourth quintiles of total polyphenol intake. Tea polyphenols and non-coffee polyphenols showed no association with colorectal cancer risk. The sitespecific analysis, based on 463 colon cancer cases and 340 rectal cancer cases, showed an inverse association between coffee polyphenols and colon cancer. The multivariate-adjusted OR of colon cancer for the first to top quintiles of coffee polyphenols were 1.00 (referent), 0.92 (95%CI:0.64-1.31), 0.75 (95%CI:0.52-1.08), 0.69 (95%CI:0.47-1.01), and 0.68 (95%CI:0.46-1.00), respectively (P trend = 0.02). Distal colon cancer showed a more evident inverse association with coffee polyphenols than proximal colon cancer. The association between coffee polyphenols and rectal cancer risk was U -shaped, with significant decreases in the OR at the second to fourth quintile categories. There was also a tendency that the OR of colon and rectal cancer decreased in the intermediate categories of total polyphenols. The decrease in the OR in the intermediate categories of total polyphenols was most pronounced for distal colon cancer. Intake of tea polyphenols was not associated with either colon or rectal cancer. The associations of coffee consumption with colorectal, colon and rectal cancers were almost the same as observed for coffee polyphenols. The trend of the association between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer was statistically significant. CONCLUSION:The present findings suggest a decreased risk of colorectal cancer associated with coffee consumption. | Zhen-Jie Wang Keizo Ohnaka Makiko Morita Kengo Toyomura Suminori Kono Takashi Ueki Masao Tanaka Yoshihiro Kakeji Yoshihiko Maehara Takeshi Okamura Koji Ikejiri Kitaroh Futami Takafumi Maekawa Yohichi Yasunami Kenji Takenaka Hitoshi Ichimiya Reiji Terasaka | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，17： | 12 |
| 15 | Prognostic value of preoperative prognostic nutritional index and its associations with systemic inflammatory response markers in patients with stage Ⅲ colon cancer显示文摘Background: The prognostic nutritional index(PNI) has been widely applied for predicting survival outcomes of patients with various malignant tumors. Although a low PNI predicts poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer after tumor resection, the prognostic value remains unknown in patients with stage Ⅲ colon cancer undergoing curative tumor resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of PNI in patients with stage III colon cancer.Methods: Medical records of 274 consecutive patients with stage Ⅲ colon cancer undergoing curative tumor resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and capecitabine between December 2007 and December2013 were reviewed. The optimal PNI cutoff value was determined using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis. The associations of PNI with systemic inflammatory response markers, including lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR), and C-reactive protein(CRP)level, and clinicopathologic characteristics were assessed using the Chi square or Fisher's exact test. Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Disease-free survival(DFS) and overall survival(OS)stratified by PNI were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, and prognostic factors were identified by Cox regression analyses.Results: The preoperative PNI was positively correlated with LMR(r= 0.483, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with NLR(r =-0.441, P < 0.001), PLR(r =-0.607, P < 0.001), and CRP level(r =-0.333, P < 0.001). A low PNI(≤49.22)was significantly associated with short OS and DFS in patients with stage ⅢC colon cancer but not in patients with stage ⅢA/ⅢB colon cancer.In addition, patients with a low PNI achieved a longer OS and DFS after being treated with6-8 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy than did those with < 6 cycles. Multivariate analyses revealed that PNI was independently associated with DFS(hazard ratios 2.001; 95% confidence interval 1.157-3.462; P = 0.013).Conclusion: The present study identified preoperative PNI as a valuable predictor for survival outcomes in patients with stage Ⅲ colon cancer receiving curative tumor resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. | Jianhong Peng Rongxin Zhang Yixin Zhao Xiaojun Wu Gong Chen Desen Wan Zhenhai Lu Zhizhong Pan | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2017，36，11： | 11 |
| 16 | Preoperative colonoscopy through the colonic stent in patients with colorectal cancer obstruction显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the feasibility of a preoperative colonoscopy through a self-expendable metallic stent(SEMS)and to identify the factors that affect complete colonoscopy.METHODS:A total of 48 patients who had SEMS placement because of acute malignant colonic obstruction underwent preoperative colonoscopy.After effective SEMS placement,patients who showed complete resolution of radiological findings and clinical signs of acute colon obstruction underwent a standard bowel preparation.Preoperative colonoscopy was then performed using a standard colonoscope.If the passage of colonoscope was not feasible gastroscope was used.After colonoscopy,cecal intubation time,grade of bowel preparation,tumor location,stent location,presence of synchronous polyps or cancer,damage to colonoscopy and bleeding,and stent migration after colonoscopy were recorded.RESULTS:Complete evaluation with colonoscope was possible in 30 patients(62.5%).In this group,adenoma was detected in 13 patients(43.3%).The factors that affected complete colonoscopy were also analyzed:Tumor location at an angle;stent placement at an angle;and stent expansion diameter,which affected complete colonoscopy significantly.However in multivariate analysis,stent expansion diameter was the only significant factor that affected complete colonoscopy.Complete evaluation using additional gastroscope was feasible in 42 patients(87.5%).CONCLUSION:Preoperative colonoscopy through the colonic stent using only conventional colonoscope was unfavorable.The narrow expansion diameter of the stent may predict unfavorable outcome.In such a case,using small caliber scope should be considered and may expect successful outcome. | Jin Su Kim Kang Moon Lee Sang Woo Kim Eun Jung Kim Chul Hyun Lim Seong Taek Oh Myung Gyu Choi Kyu Yong Choi | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，30： | 11 |
| 17 | Conversion of laparoscopic colorectal resection for cancer: What is the impact on short-term outcomes and survival?显示文摘Laparoscopic resection for colon and rectal cancer is associated with quicker return of bowel function, reduced postoperative morbidity rates and shorter length of hospital stay compared to open surgery, with no differences in long-term survival. Conversion to open surgery is reported in up to 30% of patients enrolled in randomized control trials comparing open and laparoscopic colorectal resection for cancer. In this review, reasons for conversion are anatomical-related factors, disease-related-factors and surgeon-related factors. Body mass index, local tumour extension and co-morbidities are independent predictors of conversion. The current evidence has shown that patients with converted resection for colon cancer have similar outcomes compared to patients undergoing a laparoscopic completed or open resection. The few studies that have assessed the outcomes after conversion of laparoscopic rectal resection reported significantly higher rates of complications and longer length of hospital stay in converted patients compared to laparoscopically treated patients. No definitive conclusions can be drawn when converted and open rectal resections are compared. Early and pre-emptive conversion appears to have more favourable outcomes than reactive conversion; however, further large studies are needed to better define the optimal timing of conversion. With regard to long-term oncologic outcome, overall and disease-free survival in the case of conversion in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery seems to be worse than those achieved in patients in whom resection was successfully completed by laparoscopy. Although a worse long-term oncologic outcome has been suggested, it remains difficult to draw a proper conclusion due to the heterogeneity of the long-term outcomes as well as the inclusion of both colon and rectal cancer patients in most of the studies. Therefore, we discuss the currently available evidence of the impact of conversion in laparoscopic resection for colon and rectal cancer on both short-term outcomes and long-term survival. | Marco E Allaix Edgar JB Furnée Massimiliano Mistrangelo Alberto Arezzo Mario Morino | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，37： | 11 |
| 18 | Extent of surgery in cancer of the colon:Is more better?显示文摘Since the introduction of total mesorectal excision as the standard approach in mid and low rectal cancer,the incidence of local recurrence has sharply declined.Similar attention to surgical technique in colon cancer(CC) has resulted in the concept of complete mesocolic excision(CME),which consists of complete removal of the intact mesentery and high ligation of the vascular supply at its origin.Although renewed attention to meticulous surgical technique certainly has its merits,routine implementation of CME is currently unfounded.Firstly,in contrast to rectal cancer,local recurrence originating from an incompletely removed mesenteryis rare in CC and usually a manifestation of systemic disease.Secondly,although CME may increase nodal counts and therefore staging accuracy,this is unlikely to affect survival since the observed relationship between nodal counts and outcome in CC is most probably not causal but confounded by a range of clinical variables.Thirdly,several lines of evidence suggest that metastasis to locoregional nodes occurs early and is a stochastic rather than a stepwise phenomenon in CC,in essence reflecting the tumor-host-metastasis relationship.Unsurprisingly,therefore,comparative studies in CC as well as in other digestive cancers have failed to demonstrate any survival benefit associated with extensive,additional or extra-mesenteric lymphadenectomy.Finally,routine implementation of CME may cause patient harm by longer operating times,major vascular damage and autonomic nerve injury.Therefore,data from randomized trials reporting relevant endpoints are required before CME can be recommended as a standard approach in CC surgery. | Wouter Willaert Wim Ceelen | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，1： | 11 |
| 19 | The Role and Function of Ras-association domain family in Cancer:A Review显示文摘Ras gene mutation has been observed in more than 30%of cancers,and 90%of pancreatic,lung and colon cancers.Ras proteins(K-Ras,H-Ras,N-Ras)act as molecular switches which are activated by binding to GTP.They play a role in the cascade of cell process control(proliferation and cell division).In the inactive state,transforming GTP to GDP leads to the activation of GTpase in Ras gene.However,the mutation in Ras leads to the loss of internal GTPase activity and permanent activation of the protein.The activated Ras can promote the cell death or stop cell growth,which are facilitated by Ras-association domain family.Various studies have been conducted to determine the importance of losing RASSF proteins in Rasinduced tumors.This paper examines the role of Ras and RASSF proteins.In general,RASSF proteins can be used as a suitable means for targeting a large group of Ras-induced tumors. | Mohammad Reza Zinatizadeh Seyed Ali Momeni Peyman Kheirandish Zarandi Ghanbar Mahmoodi Chalbatani Hassan Dana Hamid Reza Mirzaei Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari Seyed Rouhollah Miri | 2019 | Genes & Diseases2019，6，4： | 10 |
| 20 | Identification of an anticancer compound against HT-29 cells from Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice显示文摘Objective:To isolate and identify the anticancer compound against proliferation of human colon cancer cells from ethyl acetate(EtOAc)extract ol Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice(PB).Methods:EtOAc extract of PB was partitioned with n-hexane,EtOAc,and water-saturated n-butanol.Anticancer compound of n-hexane layer was isolated and identified by HPLC and NMR,respectively.Cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells was tested by SRB assay.Results:The n-hexane layer obtained after solvent fractionation of PB EtOAc extracts showed a potent anticancer activity against the HT-29 cell line.Atractylenolide I,a eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactone,a major anticancer substance of PB,was isolated from the n-hexane layer by silica gel column chromatography and preparative-HPLC.This structure was elucidated by one-and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic data.Atractylenolide I has not been reported in mushrooms or rice as of yet.The isolated compound dose-dependently inhibited the growth of HT-29 human colon cancer cells.Conclusions:Atractylenolide I might contribute to the anticancer effect of PB. | Tae-Il Jeon Chang-Hwa Jung Jeong-Yong Cho Dong Ki Park Jae-Hak Moon | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2013，3，10： | 9 |
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