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| 1 | Investigation and assessment on mountain tunnels and geotechnical damage after the Wenchuan earthquake显示文摘On May 12, 2008, a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 8.0 (Ms) struck Wenchuan town, in the eastern Sichuan area of west China. Following the earthquake on May 18, the Southwest Jiaotong University organized a damage survey team and dispatched it to the affected area for the investigation into the damage and collection of information and data. This paper outlines the findings of this investigation on the earthquake disaster to mountain tunnels and geotechnical engineering. The systematic investigation, involving geological conditions, design documents, construction and maintenance records of the tunnels, has been conducted and the degree of damage to investigated tunnels has been assessed according to the width and length of cracks, the stability of the slope above the tunnel, and the condition of the groundwater inrush. The results show that the major damage of the mountain tunnels was mainly concentrated in the tunnel portals due to widespread landslides and rockfalls, and the inner part of investigated tunnels suffered moderate damages mainly due to fault displacements. It is hoped that the information shared herein could enhance the outstanding of seismic behavior of mountain tunnels and improve seismic design and construction procedures. | WANG ZhengZheng GAO Bo JIANG YuanJun YUAN Song | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，2： | 84 |
| 2 | 早发型重度子癎前期严重并发症的监测与防范显示文摘 | 杨孜 | 2006 | 中国实用妇科与产科杂志2006，22，7： | 49 |
| 3 | Protective effects of nitric oxide on salt stress-induced oxidative damage to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)leaves显示文摘The changes of chlorophyll and malondialde-hyde (MDA) contents, plasma membrane permeability confirmed that 0.1 and 1 mmol/L sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of nitric oxide (NO) in vivo, could markedly alleviate the oxidative damage to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves induced by 150 and 300 mmol/L NaCl treatments, respectively. Further results proved that NO significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), both of which separately contributed to the delay of O2- and H2O2 accumulation in wheat leaves under saltstress. Meanwhile, the accumulation of proline was apparently accelerated. Therefore, these results suggested that NO could strongly protect wheat leaves from oxidative damage caused by salt stress. | Haihua Ruan Wenbiao Shen Maobing Ye Langlai Xu | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，8： | 37 |
| 4 | Rho/ROCK pathway and neural regeneration: a potential therapeutic target for central nervous system and optic nerve damage显示文摘· Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) is a serine/threonine kinase and one of the major downstream effectors of the small GTPase RhoA. The Rho/ROCK pathway is closely related to the pathogenesis of several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and involved in many aspects of neuronal functions including neurite outgrowth and retraction. In the adult CNS, the damaged neuron regeneration is very difficult due to the presence of myelin-associated axon growth inhibitors such as Nogo, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (Omgp), etc. The effects of these axon growth inhibitors are reversed by blocking the Rho/ROCK pathway in vitro, and the inhibition of Rho/ROCK pathway can promote axon regeneration and functional recovery in the injured CNS in vivo. In addition, the therapeutic effects of the Rho/ROCK inhibitors have also been demonstrated in some animal models and the Rho/ROCK pathway becomes an attractive target for the development of drugs for treating CNS disorders. In this review, we summarized on the effect of the Rho and the downstream factor ROCK in neural regeneration, and the potential therapeutic effect of Rho/ROCK inhibitors in the survival and axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells was also discussed. · | Hai-Bo Tan Yi-Sheng Zhong Yu Cheng and Xi Shen | 2011 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2011，4，6： | 31 |
| 5 | A review on machinability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)and glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP)composite materials显示文摘Fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) composite materials are heterogeneous and anisotropic materials that do not exhibit plastic deformation. They have been used in a wide range of contemporary applications particularly in space and aviation,automotive,maritime and manufacturing of sports equipment. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP) composite materials,among other fiber reinforced materials,have been increasingly replacing conventional materials with their excellent strength and low specific weight properties. Their manufacturability in varying combinations with customized strength properties,also their high fatigue,toughness and high temperature wear and oxidation resistance capabilities render these materials an excellent choice in engineering applications.In the present review study,a literature survey was conducted on the machinability properties and related approaches for CFRP and GFRP composite materials. As in the machining of all anisotropic and heterogeneous materials,failure mechanisms were also reported in the machining of CFRP and GFRP materials with both conventional and modern manufacturing methods and the results of these studies were obtained by use of variance analysis(ANOVA),artificial neural networks(ANN) model,fuzzy inference system(FIS),harmony search(HS) algorithm,genetic algorithm(GA),Taguchi's optimization technique,multi-criteria optimization,analytical modeling,stress analysis,finite elements method(FEM),data analysis,and linear regression technique. Failure mechanisms and surface quality is discussed with the help of optical and scanning electron microscopy,and profilometry. ANOVA,GA,FEM,etc. are used to analyze and generate predictive models. | Meltem Altin Karatas Hasan Gokkaya | 2018 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2018，14，4： | 31 |
| 6 | Comments on “The severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with gut dysbiosis and shift in the metabolic function of the gut microbiota”显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has a rising prevalence worldwide.It is characterized with lipid deposition in hepatocytes that is unrelated to alcohol consumption.Insulin resistance and oxidative damage plays a key role in its pathogenesis.[1]NAFLD is a complex disease,classified in simple steatosis(SS)and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).Lifestyle changes and treatment of hyperinsulinaemia could reverse SS.However,20-30%of NAFLD patients develop to NASH,which could lead to liver fibrosis,cirrhosis and cancer.[2] | Anna Egresi Krisztina Hagymási Gabriella Lengyel | 2016 | Hepatoma Research2016，2，1： | 29 |
| 7 | Investigation of the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake damages to the Zipingpu Water Control Project and an assessment of its safety state显示文摘On May 12, 2008, a major earthquake measured 8 on the Richter scale jolted Wenchuan County in Si- chuan Province, China with the epicentral intensity of XI degrees. Zipingpu Dam is located 17.17 km from the epicenter and the influence intensity at the damsite reached IX―X degrees. It is the first time in the world for such a high concrete-faced rockfill dam (CFRD) in China to experience such a strong earthquake occurring in such a short distance. Due to its location of special importance to the down- stream areas, the safety state and damaging condition of the Zipingpu Dam has attracted great atten- tions from various circles. Based on site investigation of the damages to the Zipingpu Dam and com- parison analysis of the observation data obtained before and after the earthquake, the paper makes a comprehensive assessment of the key technical issues relevant to this high CFRD, including its safety state and the high slope stability after the earthquake. | GUAN ZhiCheng Water Resources and Hydropower Planning & Design General Institute, Beijing100120, China | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，4： | 26 |
| 8 | Recapitulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and cholangiocyte damage with human liver ductal organoids显示文摘Dear Editor,The emerging pandemic of coronavirus,SARS-CoV-2(pre-viously named 2019-nCoV),has posed significant threats to global public health(Wu et al,2020).The dominant symp-toms of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)are fever and cough(Chen et al.,2020;Huang et al.,2020).However,a proportion of patients showed multi-organ damage and dysfunction(Chen et al.,2020;Huang et al.,2020;Zhu et al.,2020).Of note,liver damage is emerging as a co existed symptom reported in patients with COVID-19.A recent epi-demiologic study in Shanghai(China)reported that 75 out of 148(50.7%)COVID-19 patients had liver function abnor-mality,indicated by key liver function parameters above the normal range,including alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)or total bilrubin(TBIL)(Fan et al.,2020). | | 2020 | Protein & Cell2020，11，10： | 26 |
| 9 | 损伤控制外科理念的形成与发展显示文摘损伤控制外科 ( damage control surgery, DCS)理念是过去二十余年创伤外科领域的重大进展之一。DCS由于与传统理论相悖,所以经历了一个漫长的过程后方被人们所接受。 | 唐伦先 孙志扬 | 2007 | 中华创伤杂志2007，23，4： | 24 |
| 10 | 3D random Voronoi grain-based models for simulation of brittle rock damage and fabric-guided micro-fracturing显示文摘A grain-based distinct element model featuring three-dimensional(3D) Voronoi tessellations(random poly-crystals) is proposed for simulation of crack damage development in brittle rocks. The grain boundaries in poly-crystal structure produced by Voronoi tessellations can represent flaws in intact rock and allow for numerical replication of crack damage progression through initiation and propagation of micro-fractures along grain boundaries. The Voronoi modelling scheme has been used widely in the past for brittle fracture simulation of rock materials. However the difficulty of generating 3D Voronoi models has limited its application to two-dimensional(2D) codes. The proposed approach is implemented in Neper, an open-source engine for generation of 3D Voronoi grains, to generate block geometry files that can be read directly into 3DEC. A series of Unconfined Compressive Strength(UCS) tests are simulated in3 DEC to verify the proposed methodology for 3D simulation of brittle fractures and to investigate the relationship between each micro-parameter and the model's macro-response. The possibility of numerical replication of the classical U-shape strength curve for anisotropic rocks is also investigated in numerical UCS tests by using complex-shaped(elongated) grains that are cemented to one another along their adjoining sides. A micro-parameter calibration procedure is established for 3D Voronoi models for accurate replication of the mechanical behaviour of isotropic and anisotropic(containing a fabric) rocks. | E.Ghazvinian M.S.Diederichs R.Quey | 2014 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2014，6，6： | 24 |
| 11 | 运动与骨骼肌超微结构变化显示文摘不习惯运动尤其是离心运动导致骨骼肌超微结构变化,通常称之为运动性肌肉微损伤(exercise-inducedmuscle damage,EIMD)[1-5]。运动性骨骼肌结构变化具有延迟性特点,运动后即刻结构变化程度较小,运动后24~72h变化程度逐渐加剧,5~7天恢复正常。以上现象普遍认为是由损伤诱发炎症变化所致[1,6-9]。 | 张翔 张学林 许寿生 | 2010 | 中国运动医学杂志2010，29，1： | 22 |
| 12 | Environmental variability study on the measured responses of Runyang Cablestayed Bridge using wavelet packet analysis显示文摘The structural damage alarming method based on wavelet packet energy spectrum (WPES) for long-span cable-stayed bridges is presented through combination of ambient vibration test and wavelet packet analysis. The environmental variability in the measured WPES and damage alarming indices ERVD of the Runyang Cable-stayed Bridge are discussed in detail using the wavelet packet analysis of the measured acceleration responses of the bridge under daily environmental conditions. The analysis results reveal that the actual environmental conditions including traffic loadings, environmental temperature and typhoon loadings have remarkable correlations with the measured WPES. The changes of environmental temperature have a long-term trend influence on the WPES, while the influences of traffic and typhoon loadings on the measured WPES of the bridge present instantaneous changes because of the nonstationary properties of the loadings. The analysis results of the measured responses further reveal that the damage alarming indices ERVD can sensitively reflect the influences of environmental temperature and typhoon loadings on the dynamic properties of Runyang Cable-stayed Bridge. Therefore, the proposed structural damage alarming indices ERVD under ambient vibrations are suitable for real-time damage alarming for long-span cable-stayed bridges. | DING YouLiang LI AiQun LIU Tao | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，5： | 20 |
| 13 | Productivity effect and overuse of pesticide in crop production in China显示文摘Chinese farmers are often accused of overusing pesticides that play a crucial role in enhancing crop yield by reducing losses to crop pests. Pesticide overuse has caused a series of negative health and environmental externalities. This paper quantifies the productivity effect and the optimal amount of pesticides in rice, cotton and maize production in China from the economic perspective. Using survey data collected in 2012 and 2013, both Cobb-Douglas and Weibull damage control specifications are used to estimate the production function. Results show that pesticides have statistically significant productivity effect on crop yield. On the condition of Weibull damage control specifications, the marginal products of 1 kg of the active ingredients of pesticides for rice, cotton and maize are 71.06, 22.73 and 98.45 kg, respectively. However, 57, 64 and 17% of the actual amount of pesticides are overused for rice, cotton and maize, respectively. Moreover, the productivity effect of pesticides would be overestimated using Cobb-Douglas specification without incorporating a damage control agent. | ZHANG Chao Guanming Shi SHEN Jian HU Rui-fa | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，9： | 19 |
| 14 | 潮湿相关性皮肤损伤的评估与干预研究进展显示文摘潮湿的环境不仅可使皮肤更加脆弱,同时液体也会对皮肤造成损伤。2006年,Gray首次提出潮湿相关性皮肤损伤(moisture-associated skin damage,MASD)的概念,将其定义为皮肤长期暴露于各种体液(如尿液或粪液、汗液、伤口渗液、黏液或唾液等)而导致的皮肤炎性反应,伴或不伴有皮肤溃烂以及继发性皮肤感染。 | 李会娟 傅晓瑾 路潜 | 2013 | 中国实用护理杂志2013，29，23： | 18 |
| 15 | 钢筋混凝土剪力墙构件双参数地震损伤模型研究显示文摘为了研究剪力墙的地震损伤,在分析现有结构地震损伤模型的基础上,基于理想弹塑性结构的恢复力模型,提出一种改进的双参数地震损伤模型。依据实验数据,采用该模型对钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构在低周反复荷载作用下的变形与累积滞回耗能进行分析,确定模型参数。对剪力墙结构损伤中最大变形引起的损伤和累积滞回耗能引起的损伤进行了比较,结果表明最大变形引起的损伤在结构损伤中所占比例较大,但累积滞回耗能引起的损伤不能忽略。 | 应勇 蒋欢军 王斌 张永鑫 | 2010 | 结构工程师2010，26，5： | 17 |
| 16 | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs:What is the actual risk of liver damage?显示文摘Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) constitute a family of drugs, which taken as a group, represents one of the most frequently prescribed around the world. Thus, not surprisingly NSAIDs, along with antiinfectious agents, list on the top for causes of DrugInduced Liver Injury (DILI). The incidence of liver disease induced by NSAIDs reported in clinical studies is fairly uniform ranging from 0.29/100 000 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17-051] to 9/100 000 (95% CI: 6-15). However, compared with these results, a higher risk of liver-related hospitalizations was reported (3-23 per 100 000 patients). NSAIDs exhibit a broad spectrum of liver damage ranging from asymptomatic, transient, hyper-transaminasemia to fulminant hepatic failure. However, under-reporting of asymptomatic, mild cases, as well as of those with transient liver-tests alteration, in conjunction with reports non-compliant with pharmacovigilance criteria to ascertain DILI and flawed epidemiological studies, jeopardize the chance to ascertain the actual risk of NSAIDs hepatotoxicity. Several NSAIDs, namely bromfenac, ibufenac and benoxaprofen, have been withdrawn from the market due to hepatotoxicity; others like nimesulide were never marketed in some countries and withdrawn in others. Indeed, the contro-versy concerning the actual risk of severe liver disease persists within NSAIDs research. The present work intends (1) to provide a critical analysis of the dissimilar results currently available in the literature concerning the epidemiology of NSAIDS hepatotoxicity; and (2) to review the risk of hepatotoxicity for each one of the most commonly employed compounds of the NSAIDs family, based on past and recently published data. | Fernando Bessone | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，45： | 16 |
| 17 | Damage control orthopaedics: State of the art显示文摘Damage control orthopaedics(DCO) originally consisted of the provisional immobilisation of long bone-mainly femur-fractures in order to achieve the advantages of early treatment and to minimise the risk of complications, such as major pain, fat embolism, clotting, pathological inflammatory response, severe haemorrhage triggering the lethal triad, and the traumatic effects of major surgery on a patient who is already traumatised(the 'second hit' effect). In recent years, new locations have been added to the DCO concept, such as injuries to the pelvis, spine and upper limbs. Nonetheless, this concept has not yet been validated in well-designed prospective studies, and much controversy remains.Indeed, some researchers believe the indiscriminate application of DCO might be harmful and produce substantial and unnecessary expense. In this respect, too,normalised parameters associated with the acid-base system have been proposed,under a concept termed early appropriate care, in the view that this would enable patients to receive major surgical procedures in an approach offering the advantages of early total care together with the apparent safety of DCO. This paper discusses the diagnosis and treatment of severely traumatised patients managed in accordance with DCO and highlights the possible drawbacks of this treatment principle. | Enrique Guerado Maria Luisa Bertrand Juan Ramon Cano Ana María Cerván Adolfo Galán | 2019 | World Journal of Orthopedics2019，10，1： | 16 |
| 18 | Simulation of the Whole Process of Ship-Bridge Collision显示文摘The simulation of the whole ship-bridge collision process can be effectively carried out by nonlinear dynamic finiteelement method. Based on the simple description of the theory, a scenario of a 40000 DWT oil tanker colliding with abridge across the Yangtze River is designed for simulation. The technology of structure modeling and the determination ofrelated parameters are introduced. The deformation of the bulb bow, the history of collision force change, the exchange ofcollision energy and the stress distribution of the bridge pier are described in detail, which are of great value to bridge de-sign and bridge pier damage estimation, Some mechanical characters in the process of ship-bridge collision are described.More accurate results can be produced by finite element method than that by empirical formulas and simplified analyticalmethods. | LIU Jiancheng(刘建成) GU Yongning(顾永宁) | 2002 | China Ocean Engineering2002，17，3： | 15 |
| 19 | Cavity length below chute aerators显示文摘It is proved that air entrainment is one of the efficient measures dealing with cavi-tation control for the release works of hydropower projects. There are many factors to be considered in designing a chute aerator. One of the most important factors concerns the cavity length below the aerator,which has outstanding effects on air entrainment against cavitation damage. It is crucial to determine reasonable emergence angle for the calculation of the cavity length. In the present paper the overall effects of structural and hydraulic parameters on the emergence angle of the flow from the aerator were analyzed. Four improved expressions of the emer-gence angle with weight coefficient were investigated through experimental data of 68 points observed from 12 aerators of 6 hydropower projects,of both model and prototype,on the basis of error theory. A method to calculate the cavity length be-low aerators was suggested,which considers overall effects of the above men-tioned parameters. Comparison between the method in this paper and the other five methods of calculating the cavity length showed that the present method is much more reliable than the existing methods while the mean error of the method is less than others. | WU JianHua RUAN ShiPing | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，2： | 14 |
| 20 | FLOW PATTERNS AND DAMAGE OF DIKE OVERTOPPING显示文摘Damage of a dike may result in severe damage and suffering. To reduce downstream damage and loss of life, it is important to study the process of breaching of the damaged dike. It is not possible to understand the damage process without a clear understanding of the flow patterns encountered. In the present study, data obtained from nine experimental runs are analyzed. The flow patterns and progressive damage of dike overtopping are investigated. Two types of phenomena at the dike surface:erosion; and erosion and sliding, are observed during the overtopping event. Four stages of dike damage can be distinguished. The degradation rate of the dike crest is found to be dependent on the downstream slope of the dike. The degradation rate is higher when the downstream slope is steeper. | Chaiyuth CHINNARASRI Tawatchai TINGSANCHALI Sutat WEESAKUL Somchai WONGWISES | 2003 | International Journal of Sediment Research2003，18，4： | 14 |
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