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| 1 | Distant hybridization leads to different ploidy fishes显示文摘Distant hybridization makes it possible to transfer the genome of one species to another, which results in changes in phenotypes and genotypes of the progenies. This study shows that distant hybridization or the combination of this method with gynogenesis or androgenesis lead to different ploidy fishes with genetic variation, including fertile tetraploid hybrids, sterile triploid hybrids, fertile diploid hybrids, fertile diploid gynogenetic fish, and their derived progenies. The formations of the different ploidy fishes depend on the genetic relationship between the parents. In this study, several types of distant hybridization, including red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) (2n=100, abbreviated as RCC) (♀)×common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (2n=100, abbreviated as CC) (♂), and RCC (2n=100) (♀)×blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) (2n=48, abbreviated as BSB) (♂) are described. In the distant hybridization of RCC (♀)×CC (♂), bisexual fertile F3–F18 allotetraploid hybrids (4n=200, abbreviated as 4nAT) were formed. The diploid hybrid eggs and diploid sperm generated by the females and males of 4nAT developed into diploid gynogenetic hybrids and diploid androgenetic hybrids, respectively, by gynogenesis and androgenesis, without treatment for doubling the chromosome. Improved tetraploid hybrids and improved diploid fishes with genetic variation were derived from the gynogenetic hybrid line. The improved diploid fishes included the high-body RCC and high-body goldfish. The formation of the tetraploid hybrids was related to the occurrence of unreduced gametes generated from the diploid hybrids, which involved in premeiotic endoreduplication, endomitosis, or fusion of germ cells. The sterile triploid hybrids (3n=150) were produced on a large scale by crossing the males of tetraploid hybrids with females of diploid fish (2n=100). In another distant hybridization of RCC (♀)×BSB (♂), different ploidy fishes were obtained, including diploid bisexual fertile natural gynogenetic fish (2n=100), sterile triploid hybrids (3n=124), and bisexual fertile tetraploid hybrids (4n=148). Furthermore, two kinds of pentaploid hybrids (5n=172 and 5n=198) were formed. The biological characteristics and the mechanisms of formation of the different ploidy fish were compared and discussed at the cellular and molecular level. The results indicated distant hybridization or the combination of this method with gynogenesis or androgenesis affects the formation of different ploidy fish with genetic variation. | LIU ShaoJun Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，4： | 39 |
| 2 | Establishment of the diploid gynogenetic hybrid clonal line of red crucian carp × common carp显示文摘This study investigated the gynogenetic cytobiological behavior of the third gynogenetic generation (G3), which was generated from the diploid eggs produced by the second gynogenetic generation (G2) of red crucian carp × common carp, and determined the chromosomal numbers of G3, G2×scatter scale carp and G2×allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp × common carp. The results showed that the diploid eggs of G2 with 100 chromosomes, activated by UV-irradiated sperm from scatter scale carp and without the treatment for doubling the chromosomes, could develop into G3 with 100 chromosomes. Similar to the first and second gynogenetic generations (G1 and G2), G3 was also diploid (2n=100) and presented the hybrid traits. The triploids (3n=150) and tetraploids (4n=200) were produced by crossing G2 with scatter scale carp and crossing G2 with allotetraploids, respectively. The extrusion of the second polar body in the eggs of G2 ruled out the possibility that the retention of the second polar body led to the formation of the diploid eggs. In addition, we discussed the mechanism of the formation of the diploid eggs generated by G2. The establishment of the diploid gynogenesis clonal line (G1, G2 and G3) provided the evidence that the diploid eggs were able to develop into a new diploid hybrid clonal line by gynogenesis. By producing the diploid eggs as a unique reproductive way, the diploid gyno- genetic progeny of allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp × common carp had important signifi- cances in both biological evolution and production application. | LIU ShaoJun, DUAN Wei, TAO Min, ZHANG Chun, SUN YuanDong, SHEN JiaMin, WANG Jing, LUO KaiKun & LIU Yun Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，2： | 21 |
| 3 | Haploid embryonic stem cells:an ideal tool for mammalian genetic analyses显示文摘Identification of the function of all genes in the mammalian genome is critical in understanding basic mechanisms of biology.However,the diploidy of mammalian somatic cells has greatly hindered efforts to elucidate the gene function in numerous biological processes by mutagenesis-based genetic approaches.Recently,mouse haploid embryonic stem(haES)cells have been successfully isolated from parthenogenetic and androgenetic embryos,providing an ideal tool for genetic analyses.In these studies,mouse haES cells have already shown that they could be used in cell-based forward or reverse genetic screenings and in generating gene-targeting via homologous recombination.In particular,haES cells from androgenetic embryos can be employed as novel,renewable form of fertilization agent for yielding live-born mice via injection into oocytes,thus showing the possibility that genetic analysis can be extended from cellular level to organism level. | Linyu Shi Hui Yang Jinsong Li | 2012 | Protein & Cell2012，3，11： | 14 |
| 4 | The cloning of Dmc1 cDNAs and a comparative study of its expression in different ploidy cyprinid fishes显示文摘Dmc1 (disrupted meiotic cDNA) is a functionally specific gene, which was firstly discovered in yeast and then found to encode a protein required for homologous chromosome synapsis during the process of meiosis. In this investigation, we cloned the partial cDNAs of Dmc1 of diploid red crucian carp, Japanese crucian carp, common carp, triploid crucian carp and allotetraploid hybrids by using a pair of degenerate primers based on the conservative sequence of amino acids of the DMC1 protein in yeast, mouse and human. The full length cDNAs were then obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Our data showed that the full length cDNAs of Dmc1 in the three diploid fishes are all 1375 bp long, while it is 1383 bp long in triploids and 1379 bp long in allotetraploids. And despite of the variation in length, all the cDNAs encode a protein of 342 amino acids. A high homology of 97.3% of the DMC1 protein can be drawn by comparing the amino acid sequences in the three diploids, which is also of 86%, 86% and 95% similarity to human, mouse and zebrafish, respectively. A comparative study of the expression pattern of Dmc1 was carried out by RT-PCR using specific primers against the same se-quences of coding regions in different ploidy cyprinid fishes, from which it was showed that Dmc1 was expressed only in gonads of these five kinds of fishes. The expression pattern of Dmc1 in both ovaries and testes from different ploidy fishes within breeding season was also studied by Real-time PCR, and the results showed that the expression of this gene was greatly different among the three different ploidy fishes, which was the highest of triploid and lowest of allotetraploids. The histological sections data showed matured gonads of both diploid red crucian carp and allotetraploids in breeding season, although the latter demonstrated a higher maturation, and no gonadal maturation could be observed in triploids. In conclusion, we suggest that Dmc1 is specifically expressed in the period of meiosis in all the ploidy cyprinid fishes and directly related with the development of gonad in a manner of ploidy-independent way. And further, the high expression of Dmc1 in female triploids might be associ-ated with abnormal meiosis and sterility. | TAO Min, LIU ShaoJun, LONG Yu, ZENG Chen, LIU JiFang, LIU LiangGuo, ZHANG Chun, DUAN Wei & LIU Yun Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，1： | 13 |
| 5 | Current advances in genome sequencing of common wheat and its ancestral species显示文摘Common wheat is an important and widely cultivated food crop throughout the world.Much progress has been made in regard to wheat genome sequencing in the last decade.Starting from the sequencing of single chromosomes/chromosome arms whole genome sequences of common wheat and its diploid and tetraploid ancestors have been decoded along with the development of sequencing and assembling technologies. In this review, we give a brief summary on international progress in wheat genome sequencing, and mainly focus on reviewing the effort and contributions made by Chinese scientists. | Xiaoli Shi Hong-Qing Ling | 2018 | The Crop Journal2018，6，1： | 5 |
| 6 | The microarray analysis for gene expression in haploids and diploids derived from twin-seedling rice显示文摘In this study, microarray technique was employed to analyze the gene expression at the RNA level between haploids and corresponding diploids derived from a rice twin-seedling line SARII-628. Differ- ent degrees of expression variations were observed in the plant after haploidization. The main results are as follows: (1) after haploidization, the ratio of the sensitive loci was 2.47% of the total loci designed on chip. Those loci were randomly distributed on the 12 pairs of rice chromosomes and the activated loci were more than the silenced ones. (2) Gene clusters on chromosome were observed for 33 se- quences. (3) GoPipe function classification for 575 sensitive loci revealed an involvement in the bio- logical process, cell component and molecular function. (4) RT-PCR generally validated the result from microarray with a coincidence rate of 83.78%. And for the randomly-selected activated or silenced loci in chip analysis, the coincidence rate was up to 91.86%. | ZHANG HongYu1,3, PENG Hai2*, LI PingChuan1, DENG QiMing1, XU PeiZhou1, LI Yun4, WANG XuDong1 & WU XianJun1,3 1 Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China 2 Laboratory of Germplasm and Genetics, College of Life Science, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China 3 Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya′an 620514, China 4 Crop Research Institute of Agricultural and Forestal Science Academy of Chengdu, Chengdu 611130, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，6： | 4 |
| 7 | The formation of improved tetraploid population of red crucian carp×common carp hybrids by androgenesis显示文摘Bisexual fertile diploid androgenetic individuals (A0) (2n=100) were formed by androgenesis. In this way, the diploid spermatozoa from male allotetraploid hybrids (AT) (4n=200) of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) (♀) × common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (♂) were used to fertilize the UV-treated hap- loid eggs of goldfish (Carassius auratus), and living androgenetic diploid fish were developed. The A0 became sexually mature at the age of 2 years, and they fertilized with each other to form their offspring (A1). In this study, we observed the chromosomal number, gonadal structure and appearance of A1 fish. The results are as follows: (1) In A1, there were 85% tetraploids (A1-4n), 10% triploids (A1-3n) and 5% diploids (A1-2n), suggesting that diploid A0 could produce diploid gametes. It was concluded that the formation of diploid gametes generated from diploid A0 was probably related to the mechanism of pre-meiotic endoreduplication. (2) Among A1, only A1-4n possessed normal ovaries and testes. The mature males of A1-4n produced white semen. Under the electron microscope, the head of diploid sperm generated by A1-4n was bigger than that of haploid sperm generated by red crucian carp. In the testes of the A1-4n, there were many mature normal spermatozoa with a head bearing plasma mem- brane and a tail having the typical structure of '9+2' microtubules. Between the head and the tail, there were some mitochondria. The ovaries of A1-4n developed well and mainly contained II, III and IV-stage oocytes. The IV-stage oocytes were surrounded by inner and outer follicular cells. The micropyle was observed on the oolemma of follicular cells. There were abundant yolks and plenty of endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of IV-stage oocytes. Because A1-2n and A1-3n were distant crossing diploid hybrids and triploid hybrids respectively, they possessed abnormal gonads, and no mature semen and eggs were observed. (3) Compared with allotetraploids, the A1-4n fish not only had advantages such as fast growth rate and strong resistibility but also showed some new good performances such as high ratio of body width to body length, smaller heads and shorter tails. These results indicated that an- drogenesis could produce bisexual fertile tetraploids and improve the shape of allotetraploid hybrids as well, which will be of great significance in both the cell genetics research and fish breeding. | DUAN Wei QIN QinBo CHEN Song LIU ShaoJun WANG Jing ZHANG Chun SUN YuanDong LIU Yun | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，6： | 4 |
| 8 | Understanding Genetic Load in Potato for Hybrid Diploid Breeding显示文摘Recently, Zhang et al.(2019) have managed to provide abundant evidence to support long-held theories regarding mechanisms of inbreeding depression and potential effects of heterosis that are likely to have a considerable impact on potato breeding in the future (Figure 1). Despite its large genetic variation regarding yield, harvest index, and water use efficiency, potato breeding has attained only negligible advances in the most important breeding goals such as yield, tuber quality, and abiotic stress tolerance, and only modest progress in pathogen resistance. This low level of improvement is clearly due to the complexity of breeding a heterozygous tetraploid outbreeder rather than to the lack of genetic potential available in wild and cultivated material. In contrast, breeding at the diploid level, in particular in combination with self-compatibility, will allow the fixation of beneficial alleles to homozygosity. | Christian W.B.Bachem Herman J.van Eck Michiel E.de Vries | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，7： | 1 |
| 9 | Molecular genetic analysis of phosphomannomutase genes in Triticum monococcum显示文摘In higher plants, phosphomannomutase(PMM) is essential for synthesizing the antioxidant ascorbic acid through the Smirnoff–Wheeler pathway. Previously, we characterized six PMM genes(Ta PMM-A1, A2, B1, B2, D1 and D2) in common wheat(Triticum aestivum, AABBDD).Here, we report a molecular genetic analysis of PMM genes in Triticum monococcum(AmAm), a diploid wheat species whose Amgenome is closely related to the A genome of common wheat. Two distinct PMM genes, Tm PMM-1 and Tm PMM-2, were found in T. monococcum. The coding region of Tm PMM-1 was intact and highly conserved. In contrast, two main Tm PMM-2 alleles were identified, with Tm PMM-2a possessing an intact coding sequence and Tm PMM-2b being a pseudogene. The transcript level of Tm PMM-2a was much higher than that of Tm PMM-2b, and a bacterially expressed Tm PMM-2a recombinant protein displayed relatively high PMM activity. In general, the total transcript level of PMM was substantially higher in accessions carrying Tm PMM-1 and Tm PMM-2a than those harboring Tm PMM-1 and Tm PMM-2b. However, total PMM protein and activity levels did not differ drastically between the two genotypes. This work provides new information on PMM genes in T. monococcum and expands our understanding on Triticeae PMM genes, which may aid further functional and applied studies of PMM in crop plants. | Chunmei Yu Xinyan Liu Qian Zhang Xinyu He Wan Huai Baohua Wang Yunying Cao Rong Zhou | 2015 | The Crop Journal2015，3，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Tetrapioid induction of Crassostrea hongkongensis and C.sikamea by inhibiting the polar body 1 release in diploid fertilized eggs显示文摘The production of an all-triploid population by mating tetrapioid males with diploid females is the best and most fundamental method for the large-scale production of triploid oysters.Obtaining a stable tetrapioid population is essential for guaranteed production in industrialized triploid cultivation.C.hongkongensis and C.sikamea are important oyster breeding species in southern China,and have great economic value.However,there are not any published data on inducing tetrapioid C.hongkongensis or C.sikamea.Therefore,we investigated tetrapioid induction in these two oyster species by inhibiting the PB1 release in diploid fertilized eggs using Cytochalasin B(CB)under 31℃,15%o salinity.The results confirmed that the optimal tetrapioid induction conditions for C.hongkongensis were a CB concentration of 0.50 mg/L with induction starting at 9.0 min after fertilization,and stopping at 21.0 min after fertilization;the induction efficiency index reached 0.123 under these conditions.The optimal tetrapioid induction conditions for C.sikamea were a CB concentration of 0.50 mg/L,with induction starting at 7.5 min after fertilization and stopping at 18 min after fertilization;the induction efficiency index could be as high as 0.281 under these conditions.However,we confirmed that the tetrapioid rate decreased with larval growth,and no tetrapioids were detected in the juvenile period of either C.hongkongensis or C.sikamea.This may be attributed to the very low survival of the tetrapioid larvae induced by this method,especially as most tetrapioid larvae died during the first three days.In summary,it is simple to directly induce tetrapioid C.hongkongensis and C.sikamea larvae by inhibiting the PB1 release of diploid zygotes,but the low survival rate makes it challenging to obtain viable juvenile tetrapioids. | Yanping Qin Zohaib Noor Xingyou Li Yuehuan Zhang Ziniu Yu Haitao Ma Jun Li Yinyin Zhou Riguan Mo | 2021 | Marine Life Science & Technology2021，3，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Effect of cell cycle inhibitor p19ARF on senescence of human diploid cell显示文摘To investigate the effect of cell cycle inhibitor p19ARF on replicative senescence of human diploid cell, recombinant p19ARF eukaryotic expression vector was constructed and p19ARF gene was transfected into human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38 cells) by liposome-mediated transfection for overexpression. Then, the effects of p19ARF on replicative senescence of WI-38 cells were observed. The results re- vealed that, compared with control cells, the WI-38 cells in which p19ARF gene was introduced showed significant up-regulation of p53 and p21 expression level, decrease of cell generation by 10 12 generations, decline of cell growth rate with cell cycle being arrested at G1 phase, increase of positive rate of senescent marker SA-β-gal staining, and decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. The morphology of the transfected fibroblasts presented the characteristics changes similar to senescent cells. These results indicated that high expression of p19ARF may promote the senescent process of human diploid cells. | BAI XueYuan, CHEN XiangMei, HOU Kai, ZHANG Ping, FENG Zhe & FU Bo Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Military Medical Postgraduate College, Beijing 100853, China | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，2： | 1 |
| 12 | 人二倍体细胞2BS株制备三价脊髓灰质炎活疫苗免疫原性研究 | 杜桂枝 闻仲权 郝荣宽 李虹 刘敬文 阎淑琴 江崇祥 孙敬熙 张爱华 | 1989 | 中国公共卫生学报1989，8，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Microsatellite Analysis of Genetic Diversity Between Loach with Different Levels of Ploidy显示文摘We used microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic parameters of three different polyploidy populations of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus from Honghu City, Hubei Province. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis banding patterns of diploid(2n), triploid(3n) and tetraploid loaches(4n) were analyzed with Pop Gen software. A total of 68 alleles were obtained from seven microsatellite loci and the polymorphism information content(PIC) indices were all above 0.5. The average expected mean heterozygosity values(He) were 0.8420, 0.7186 and 0.8521; the average observed mean heterozygosity values(Ho) were 0.9674, 0.9785 and 0.8928; and the HardyWeinberg P values were 0.3078, 0.3151 and 0.3762, for diploid, triploid and tetraploid individuals, respectively. The results indicated that the three populations were highly polymorphic, with no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium observed at all the seven microsatellite loci. This indicated a high level of genetic diversity within the populations. A cluster analysis diagram showed that the shortest genetic distance was between diploid and tetraploid loaches and they shared a close phylogenetic relationship. The triploid and tetraploid individuals had the most distant phylogenetic relationship. | Li Ya-juan Qi Hong-rui Ma Hai-yan Zhou He Xu Wen Sui Yi Li Jia-qi | 2014 | Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)2014，21，4： | 1 |
| 14 | PRELIMINARY STUDY ON CHROMOSOMES OF INDUCED TRIPLOID IN THE RED SEA BREAM, PAGROSOMUS MAJOR显示文摘Triploidy red sea bream were induced by cold shock techniques (0 3℃) in Qingdao in April 1994, May 1995 and May 1996. Normal diploidy and triploidy chromosome metaphases were produced by chromosome spreads from the gastrula. Counts of 104 chromosome metaphases of normal diploid showed each of them consisted of 2 acrocentric (st) and 46 telocentric (t) chromosomes. Based on the relative lengths and arm ratios, the 48 chromosomes were matched into 24 pairs. Counts of 107 chromosome metaphases of induced triploid showed that each metaphase consisted of 3 acrocentric (st) and 69 telocentric (t) chromosomes. The 72 chromosomes were easily matched into three sets of chromosomes, based on the relative lengths and arm ratios. | 刘静 尤锋 | 2000 | Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2000，18，2： | 1 |
| 15 | GENETIC ACTIVITY OF CHLOROQUINE IN FUNGI显示文摘The exposure of both stationary and exponential pha-se cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae diploid strainD6 to 0.15-1.5mg/ml chloroquine (ClQ) produced adose-related increase of putative monosomic,whitecycloheximide resistant colonies,and no increase ofmitotic recombinants (cross-overs).The effect obser-ved was specifically induced in strain D6.In fact, | FranekiJ. Crebelli R. BratuliN. AlaeviM. | 1991 | 癌变.畸变.突变1991，3，S1： | 0 |
| 16 | GENOTOXIC EFFECT OF CIGARETTE SMOKE CONDENSATE (CSC) ON HUMAN DIPLOID CELL 2BS STRAIN显示文摘A series of bioassays such as sister chromatid exchange frequencies ( SCE.), chromosomal aberration ( CA ), micronuclel rate (MN) and cell-cycle delay have been used to detecting the genotoxic effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on human diploid cell 2BS strain. The results suggested that a higher SCE, ( 17. 0/ cell) was observed In 2BS cells treated with CSC at 100 μg/ml, as compared with 6. 9/cell of the background (P<0. 001). CA rate was significantly increased from 4% to 36% In cells treated with 10 μg/ml CSC (P< 0.001). MN rate varied from 9 -26‰ In cells treated with CSC compared to that of control (6‰). Meanwhile, the cell-cycle of cells was markedly delayed by CSC. The survival rate of 2BS cells declined to 59. 6% for treatment with CSC at 200 μg/ ml. There was a dose-effect response In SCE., CA, MN rate. We proposed that active oxygen might responsible for genotoxiclty of CSC on cells. | 谷梅 胡国刚 罗贤懋 | 1992 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research1992，4，2： | 0 |
| 17 | Genetic Variation Analysis of Watermelon Genomes with Different Ploidy显示文摘120 pairs of SSR primers and 63 pairs of In Del primers were used to determine genetic variation among diploid,triploid and tetraploid watermelon genomes. The results showed that 113 pairs of SSR primers and 63 pairs of In Del primers could be successfully amplified.There was slight difference between diploid and tetraploid watermelon genomes in the aspect of SSR. Among 120 pairs of SSR primers,2 showed obvious polymorphism with polymorphic rate of 1. 67%,corresponding to 34047313-34063581 intervals on chromosome 9. 1 gene encoding zinc finger protein was predicted in polymorphic interval which could regulate the expression of other genes at the level of transcription and translation. There was no significant difference in the aspect of In Del among watermelon genomes with different ploidy which indicated that the genomic insertion and deletion site was not changed before and after chromosome doubling. The results indicated that watermelon genomic structure had no significant change in the process of polyploidization. The difference of traits between tetraploidy and diploid parent might be closely related with epigenetic regulation. This study could provide scientific basis for ploidy breeding,new variety improvement and germplasm innovation. | Ziji LIU Yuanfeng ZHAN Jie ZHU Huang HE Xuanmin DANG | 2016 | Asian Agricultural Research2016，8，10： | 0 |
| 18 | THE MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME PREPARATION IN MOUSE OOCYTES显示文摘Meiosis is a kind of special cell division, occurring in the diploid germ cell before the gamete formation. During meiosis, in the germ cells the homologous chromosomes pair, same of the genetic substances become exchanged and the chromosome number reduces from diploid to haploid and so on. If the germ cells are subjected to | 苏瑞珍 何建 | 1983 | Chinese Science Bulletin1983，28，8： | 0 |
| 19 | INDUCTION OF PLANTLET FROM FLORAL BUD OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS VULGARIS SCHRAD) IN VITRO显示文摘The technique of plant tissue culture has been developed rapidly and applied more widely in recent years. There is a considerable advance either in the rapid reproduction of flower clones or in the improvement of trees and sugareane(1,2)Besides, it is also reported that the plantlet of Chrysanthemum was obtained by means of floral bud culture(3)In 1978—1979, the author began to study the induction of plantlet | 宋宗淼 | 1980 | Chinese Science Bulletin1980，25，8： | 0 |
| 20 | PRODUCTION OF TETRAPLOID AND ANDROGENETIC DIPLOID ADULTS OF Xenopus laevis BY SUPPRESSION OF FIRST CLEAVAGE显示文摘We had already produced androgenetic haploid of Xenopus laevis in previous expriments, but could not obtain the complete metamorphosis. So far it has not been known that in anuran amphibia, fertilized egg with only paternal genetic material can be developed into adult. Through the use of hydrostatic pressure we have got diploid androgenetic adults of Xenopus laevis.The following is a brief account of our expriments. | 于豪建 史长平 梁金华 | 1986 | Chinese Science Bulletin1986，31，10： | 0 |
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