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| 1 | Laumontitization as an Exploration Indicator of Epithermal Gold Deposits: A Case Study of the Axi and Other Epithermal Systems in West Tianshan, China显示文摘In the light of field investigation, microscopic study, X\|ray phase analysis and mineral infrared spectral analysis, it is considered that laumontitization is of extensive occurrence in the Axi gold orefield. The development of laumontitization and its relationship to mineralization show that the laumontitization appeared mainly at the top of and in the periphery of orebodies, and occurred at the edge of the epithermal system or at the late stage of epithermal system evolution. Therefore, laumontitization can be used as an exploration indicator of epithermal gold deposits. The fluids responsible for laumontitization in the Axi gold orefield are similar to those producing hot spring\|type gold deposits or those from modern geothermal fields. Epithermal mineralization of the Axi gold deposit was dated at Carboniferous, indicating that the West Tianshan of China is a region favorable to epithermal\|type gold mineralization and preservation. Hence the West Tianshan of China is a target area for exploring epithermal gold deposits. | 陈衍 鲍景新 张增杰 陈华勇 刘玉琳 | 2003 | Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry2003，22，4： | 8 |
| 2 | Fluid flow and mineralization of Youjiang Basin in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi area, China显示文摘Comprehensive studies, based on isotope geochemistry of C, H, O, S and Sr, chronology, common element and trace element geochemistry of fluid inclusions for the epithermal Au, As, Sb and Hg deposits in the Youjiang Basin and its peripheral areas, suggested that the ore fluid was the basin fluid with abundant metallic elements and the large-scale fluid flow of the same source in the late Yenshan stage was responsible for huge epithermal mineralization and silicification. The ore fluid flowed from the basin to the platform between the basin and the platform and migrated from the inter-platform basin to the isolated platform in the Youjiang Basin. The synsedimentary faults and paleokast surface acted respectively as main conduits for vertical and lateral fluid flow. | 王国芝 胡瑞忠 苏文超 朱赖民 | 2003 | Science China Earth Sciences2003，46，z1： | 7 |
| 3 | Genesis of the Ciemas Gold Deposit and Relationship with Epithermal Deposits in West Java,Indonesia:Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotopes显示文摘The Ciemas gold deposit is located in West Java of Indonesia,which is a Cenozoic magmatism belt resulting from the Indo-Australian plate subducting under the Eurasian plate.Two different volcanic rock belts and associated epithermal deposits are distributed in West Java:the younger late Miocene-Pliocene magmatic belt generated the Pliocene-Pleistocene epithermal deposits,while the older late Eocene-early Miocene magmatic belt generated the Miocene epithermal deposits.To constrain the physico-chemical conditions and the origin of the ore fluid in Ciemas,a detailed study of ore petrography,fluid inclusions,laser Raman spectroscopy,oxygen-hydrogen isotopes for quartz was conducted.The results show that hydrothermal pyrite and quartz are widespread,hydrothermal alteration is well developed,and that leaching structures such as vuggy rocks and extension structures such as comb quartz are common.Fluid inclusions in quartz are mainly liquid-rich two phase inclusions,with fluid compositions in the NaCl-H20 fluid system,and contain no or little CO_2.Their homogenization temperatures cluster around 240℃-320℃,the salinities lie in the range of 14-17 wt.%NaCl equiv,and the calculated fluid densities are 0.65-1.00 g/cm^3.The values of δ^(18)O_(H2O-VSMOW)for quartz range from +5.5‰ to +7.7‰,the δD_(VSMOW) of fluid inclusions in quartz ranges from-70‰ to-115‰.All of these data indicate that mixing of magmatic fluid with meteoric water resulted in the formation of the Ciemas deposit.A comparison among gold deposits of West Java suggests that Miocene epithermal ore deposits in the southernmost part of West Java were more affected by magmatic fluids and exhibit a higher degree of sulfldation than those of Pliocene-Pleistocene. | ZHENG Chaofei ZHANG Zhengwei WU Chengquan YAO Junhua | 2017 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2017，91，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Epithermal gold deposits in China and potential assessment显示文摘THE epithermal gold deposit (epi-gold) is one of the most important types in various gold deposits all overthe world. The discovery of several superlarge deposits of this type around the circum-Pacific Rim duringthe 1980s, greatly stimulated the interest in searching for epi-golds in the world as well as in China. Theepi-gold has become a major target in gold exploration in China during last two-decade 'Golden Rush.The discovery of the Zijinshan Cu (Au) deposit in SE China and the Axi and other Au deposits in NWChina is the significant success in gold prospecting in this field. The author suggested that it is the timeto do an overview and the potential assessment of epi-golds in China Some people are holding an optimistic idea on this topic mainly based on the following considerations: (i) as a host rock, the subaerial volcanic rocks of Mesozoic are widespread in East China; (ii) | QIU Yuzhuo Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，S2： | 1 |
| 5 | The fluid regime of formation of epithermal ore mineralization in the eastern part of the Aldansky shield (Russian Far East)显示文摘IN the eastern part of the Aldansky shield, on the territory of volcanic and sedimentary basins of Proterozoic age, many deposits and ore occurrences of Au, Ag, Mo, U, V, Ni, Co, Ba and Th are revealed.Petrographic, geochemical and fluid inclusion study indicate their low temperature (epithermal) genesis.It is supposed that these ores were formed in the grenville metallogenic epoch (Upper Proterozoic). The epithermal ores in this region are connected with: (i) eisite (apatite-albite metasomatites)and (ii) argilliceous-white mica metasomatites (argillisites and beresites). Apatite-albite metasomatitesare associated with rare-earth ores. As a rule, metasomatite bodies are controlled by steeply-dipping fractures. Albite, quartz and fine-grained hematite form a typical mineral assiciation. The ore bearing metasomatites were formed at pH = 4 and T≤300℃. The beresite type argillaceous-white mica alterations are widespread in volcanic rocks of the Ulkansky basin and in the sedimentary suites of the Uchursky basin. They are distinguished on all stratigraphiclevels, but especially often in a zone of structural-stratigraphic unconformity (SSU) of AR-PR. Au, Ag,Mo, V and U deposits and occurrences are connected with this type of alterations. Their structural pos- | V. E. Kirillov N. V. Berdnikov | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，S2： | 1 |
| 6 | Geology of Gold Ore Deposits in Western Linyi of Shandong Province,China显示文摘Western Linyi of Shandong Province is one of the most important gold ore mineralization concentration areas. Mesozoic gold ore deposits in this area can be subdivided into two types: magmatic hydrothermal and epithermal gold deposits. The occurrences of gold ore bodies are controlled by structures. Related subvolcanic rocks can be subdivided into high potassium calc-alkali series and alkaline series. These two types of subvolcanic rocks are of different geochemical features and different sources. The high potassium calc-alkali rocks are derived from enriched mantle and contribute to the formation of magmatic hydrothermal gold ore deposits including skarn gold-copper ore deposit and porphyry gold ore deposit. Alkaline rocks are derived from lower crust and they host epithermal gold deposits. Comprehensive studies show that there is no evolutionary or transitional relationship temporally and genetically between the epithermal gold deposit and the high temperature magma hydrothermal gold deposit in the western Linyi. | Tiebing Liu Qingdong Zeng Yuanchao Shen Guangming Li | 2003 | Global Geology2003，8，1： | 0 |
| 7 | Petrogenesis of Quebrada de la Mina and Altar North porphyries (Cordillera of San Juan, Argentina): Crustal assimilation and metallogenic implications显示文摘We investigate the geology of Altar North(Cu-Au) and Quebrada de la Mina(Au) porphyry deposits located in San Juan Province(Argentina), close to the large Altar porphyry copper deposit(995 Mt,0.35% Cu, 0.083 g/t Au), to present constraints on the magmatic processes that occurred in the parental magma chambers of these magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Altar North deposit comprises a plagioclase-amphibole-phyric dacite intrusion(Altar North barren porphyry) and a plagioclaseamphibole-biotite-phyric dacite stock(Altar North mineralized porphyry, 11.98 ± 0.19 Ma). In Quebrada de la Mina, a plagioclase-amphibole-biotite-quartz-phyric dacite stock(QDM porphyry,11.91±0.33 Ma) crops out. High Sr/Y ratios(92-142) and amphibole compositions of Altar North barren and QDM porphyries reflect high magmatic oxidation states(fO_2= NNO+1.1 to+1.6) and high fH_2O conditions in their magmas. Zones and rims enriched in anorthite(An_(37-48))), SrO(0.22-0.33 wt.%)and FeO(0.21-0.37 wt.%) in plagioclase phenocrysts are evidences of magmatic recharge processes in the magma chambers. Altar North and Quebrada de la Mina intrusions have relatively homogeneous isotopic compositions(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr_(t)= 0.70450-0.70466, ε_(ND)(t) = +0.2 to +1.2) consistent with mixed mantle and crust contributions in their magmas. Higher Pb isotopes ratios(^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb=15.6276-15.6294) of these intrusions compared to other porphyries of the district, reflect an increase in the assimilation of high radiogenic Pb components in the magmas. Ages of zircon xenocrysts(297,210,204,69 Ma) revealed that the magmas have experienced assimilation of Miocene, Cretaceous, Triassic and Carboniferous crustal rocks.Fluids that precipitated sulfides in the Altar deposit may have remobilized Pb from the host rocks, as indicated by the ore minerals being more radiogenic(207Pb/204 Pb = 15.6243-15.6269) than their host intrusions. Au/Cu ratio in Altar porphyries(average Au/Cu ratio of 0.14 ×10^(-4)by weight in Altar Central)is higher than in the giant Miocene porphyry deposits located to the south: Los Pelambres, Rio Blanco and Los Bronces(Chile) and Pachon(Argentina). We suggest that the increase in Au content in the porphyries of this region could be linked to the assimilation of high radiogenic Pb components in the magmas within these long-lived maturation systems. | Laura Maydagán Marta Franchini Massimo Chiaradia Verónica Bouhier Noelia Di Giuseppe Roger Rey Luis Dimieri | 2017 | Geoscience Frontiers2017，8，5： | 0 |
| 8 | Unveil the Redox Evolution of Ore-forming Fluids using Sulfur Isotope:A Case Study of the Zhengguang Intermediate Sulfidation Epithermal Au-Zn Deposit,NE China显示文摘Oxygen fugacity(fO_(2))is a key intensity variable during the entire magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization courses.The redox state and its variations between different stages of the ore-forming fluids of intermediate sulfidation epithermal deposits are rarely deciphered due to the lack of appropriate approaches to determine fO_(2)of the fluids.Here,we reported theδ^(34)S of the sulfides from three different stages(stageⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ)of Zhengguang,an Early Ordovician Au-rich intermediate sulfidation(IS)epithermal deposit,to decipher the redox evolution of the ore-forming fluids.The increasingδ^(34)S values from stageⅠpyrite(pyl,average-2.6‰)through py2(average-1.9‰)to py3(average-0.2‰)indicates a decrease of the oxygen fugacity of the ore-forming fluids.A compilation ofδ^(34)S values of sulfides from two subtypes of IS deposits(Au-rich and Ag-rich)from NE China shows that theδ^(34)S values of sulfides from Au-rich IS deposits are systematically lighter than those of Ag-rich IS Ag-Pb-Zn deposit,indicating the ore-forming fluids of the former are more oxidized than the latter.We highlight that sulfur isotopic composition of hypogene sulfides is an efficacious proxy to fingerprint the oxygen fugacity fluctuations of epithermal deposits and could potentially be used to distinguish the subtypes of IS deposits. | WANG Le GAO Shen QIN Kezhang SONG Guoxue HAN Ri SU Shiqiang GUO Jihai PANG Xuyong LI Guangming | 2023 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2023，97，5： | 0 |
| 9 | Kinetics of ore-forming fluids in epithermal systems显示文摘As verified by the data of fluid inclusions in minerals in some paleo-hydrothermal systems, a lowering intemperature of the ore-forming fluids and a decrease in salinity occurred simultaneously from the centralzone (deep part) of the deposit profile to its outer zone (shallow part). The usual situation shown byexperimental data is that solubility rises with an increase in temperature, as shown by quartz and manyore minerals. However, the solubility of some minerals increases as the temperature decreases within acertain temperature range. Therefore, continuous deposition cannot be achieved as the temperature of thesystem decreases, as in the cases of calcite, fluorite, and anhydrite. In water and NaCl-H2O systems,the solubility of calcite (or anhydrite) decreases with a rise in temperature at < 300℃ (or < 450℃ | ZHANG Ronghua, ZHANG Xuetong and HU Shumin Open Research Laboratory of Geochemical Kinetics, Institute of Mineral Deposits, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，S2： | 0 |
| 10 | Erentaolegai silver deposit in Inner Mongolia as an example of epithermal deposit显示文摘1 Comparison with the characteristics of geology and geochemistry of typical epithermal silverdeposit Erentaolegai silver deposit is located to the west bank of Kelulun river in the Xibarhuyou Banner,south-west of Manzhouli. The geotectonic is the joint of Hailar basin and Manzhouli-Xinbarhuyou Banner’svolcanic mole track. The stratas in the mining area are upper Jurassic Tamolangou formation andShangkuli formation: the former consists of andesite mainly and the latter is divided into three parts fromtop to bottom, namely rhyolite, decite, trachyte. The types of igeous rock in the mining area are graniteand quartz porphyry, both with age (120 ±6) Ma as determined by the Rb-Sr isochron. The principalstructures in the mining areas are faults, trending SN, NW, NE, mainly SN. The ore bodies are controlledby faults. It is a large-scale silver deposit found recently. Many years’ research shows that it is a silverepithermal deposit. Table 1 lists a comparison with the typical silver epithermal deposits. | CHEN Xiang and XIAO Li Gold Geological Institute of State Economic and Trade Commission, Langfang 065000, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，S2： | 0 |
| 11 | Characteristics and metallogenesis of epithermal gold (copper)deposits in the middle-south parts of Tancheng-Lujiang deep fault zone and its vicinity, eastern China显示文摘EPITHERMAL gold (copper) deposits distributed in the middle-south parts of Tancheng-Lujiang deep faultzone and its vicinity have close relation to Mesozoic shoshonitic magmatism. According to their metallogenic features and ore-forming conditions, these deposits can be divided into three types; tellurium-goldtype Au deposit, quartz-adularia type Au deposit and quartz-manganoansiderite type Au-Cu deposit. Therepresentative deposits of them are Guilaizhuang, Dongxi and Tiantoushan. In this note, the general features of the three typical epithermal gold (copper) deposits are outlined and the relationship between mineralization and types of volcanic basins is discussed preliminarily. | QIU Jiansheng and XU Zhaowen Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，S2： | 0 |
| 12 | Regularities controlling the distribution of halogens in the Danzhai epithermal Hg-Au deposit in Guizhou and their significance显示文摘HALOGENS, as mineralizer elements, have been attracting ever increasing attention of geological workers inpetrogenetically experimental and ore-forming fluid geochemical studies. However, little research workhas been done on the contents, variation characteristics and significance of halogens in solid ores(rocks). It is found in the study of the Danzhai Hg-Au deposit that (i) variations in the contents ofhalogens and their distribution regularities in solid rocks and ores can shed light on the formation of thedeposit; and (ii) halogens can serve the function of indicator elements in search of buried orebodies. 1 Main characteristics of the ore | ZHANG Qian, PAN Jiayong and SHAO Shuxun Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，S2： | 0 |
| 13 | Tracer system on halogen mineralizer from the epithermal deposits in Guizhou Province显示文摘HALOGENS are typical mineralizer elements and play a very important role in remobilization and resettlement of the ore-forming mental elements in the hydrothermal deposits. Studies of tracer system on halogens mineralizer include the following aspects: (i) halogens’ role as mineralizer in ore-forming action;(ii) halogens importance as tracer elements in formation and evolution of the epithermal ore deposit;(iii) halogens’ significance as guidance in looking for the buried orebodies. Guizhou is a concentrated area of epithermal Hg, Sb and Au deposits, where are distributed famousepithermal deposits such as the Wanshan Hg deposit, the Banpo Sb deposit, the Danzhai Hg-Au depositand the Lannigou Au deposit. Many researches into geological and geochemical characteristics of thesedeposits have been done, but few study on halogen mineralizer. | PAN Jiayong, ZHANG Qian and SHAO Shuxun Open Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Geochemistry of Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，S2： | 0 |
| 14 | Fluid inclusion evidence for the involvement of organic matter in mineralization of Hg, Sb and Au deposits显示文摘1 Research significance and study area GEOCHEMISTRY of organic matter in metallic ore deposits and the role of organic matter in metallogenesisare the hot subjects of research in the field of ore deposits and also a weak link in this field. Widespreadin the areas of Tongren, Danzhai, etc. in eastern Guizhou (simplified as southeastern Guizhou or Qiandongnan below) are large-sized Hg (dominant), Sb, and Au deposits, while in the areas of Qinglong,Xingren, Zhenfeng, Anlong, etc. In southwestern Guizhou (simplified as southwestern Guizhou orQianxinan below) are a number of large-sized and extremely large-sized microfine disseminated gold deposits and Sb and Hg deposits. Studies have shown that their ore-forming temperatures are estimated al<150℃ for Hg deposits, about 180℃ for Sb deposits and<200℃ for most Au deposits, respectively, allof them belonging to the typical low-temperature deposits. Not a few researchers have found bitumens | SHI Jixi~1 and WANG Huayun~2 1. Open Laborator of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China 2. Institute of Guizhou Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resoarces, Guiyang 550001, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，S2： | 0 |
| 15 | Comparison of two end-member styles of epithermal Au-(Cu)deposits显示文摘EPITHERMA Au-(Cu) deposits occur largely in volcano-plutonic arcs (island arcs as well as continentalarcs) associated with subduction zones, with ages similar to those of volcanism. These deposits form atshallow depth,<1 km, and are hosted mainly by volcanic rocks. Modern volcanic-hydrothermal systems provide an analogue to the environment for the ancient intrusion-related and volcanic epithermal deposits. Recent studies also indicate that the volcanic epithennalore deposits are formed from magmatic fluids, although the magmatic signatures have been largely erasedby meteoric water. At depth (fig. 1), the magmatic fluid from the high-level intrusive magma will result in the formation of intrusion-related deposits (e.g. porphyry Cu, Au, Mo deposits). Detailed studies of fluid inclusions and stable isotopes indicate that the hydrothermal system that form these deposits are initially | FAN Hongrui and XIE Yihan Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，S2： | 0 |
| 16 | The relationship between epithermal and low temperature mineralizations显示文摘THE term epithermal as a kind of hydrothermal mineralization was first used by Lindgren in 1933. It describes those ore-forming systems occurring at depths mainly less than 1 km, and at temperatures less than300℃. Epithermal deposits of Cenozoic ages are widely distributed in the Circum-Pacific belt, especiallyin the Southwest Pacific area. From the 1980s on, the study of epithermal ore deposits became an important field of mineral deposit research. Hayba et al.and Hedenquist classified the epithermal systemas adularia-sericite or acid-sulphate types, and low sulphidation or high sulphidation types, respectively.The low temperature mineralization, which was exemplified by the deposits in southwest China, refers tothe system at temperature mainly less than 200℃. Besides the distinction in temperature, however, thereexist many differences between epithermal and low temperature mineralizations. | HUA Renmin State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，S2： | 0 |
| 17 | Alkalic-type epithermal gold mineralization associated with Tongshi complex in Pinyi County, Shandong Province显示文摘THE alkali-rich subvolcanic complex of Tongshi and the associated gold mineralization are located at thesouth boundary of Pinyi Mesozoic volcanic depression in western Shandong Province. There are morethan 30 gold deposits and mineralization locations around the complex, in which Guilaizhuang gold deposit and Zhuojiazhuang bonanza gold deposit with important economic value are included. This area isbecoming a perspective target of superlarge gold deposit. In the mine area, there crop out Archeangranitic gneisses, Paleozoic carbonates and Jurassic clastic rocks, which was intruded by Tongshi complexwith 30 km. The complex consists of K-high igneous rocks formed by two stages of magmatism. In thefirst stage, the monzonitic dioritic porphyrys, which belong to K-high calc-alkalic rocks, were formed andin the second stage, monzonitic-syenitic porphyrys, which belong to K-high alkalic rocks, were formed.Their Ar-Ar ages are 189 Ma and 188 Ma, respectively. At the end of the second stage, a lot of theexplosive breccias were formed. The gold mineralization in this area is closely associated in time andspace with the second stage monzonitic-syenitic porphyrys. Based on the characteristics of | XIONG Xiaolin, ZHAO Zhenhua and WANG Qiang Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，S2： | 0 |
| 18 | Geological Characteristics of Epithermal Ore Concentrated Areas and Epithermal Ore Deposits in China显示文摘INTRODUCTIONAccordingtopresentdata,theepithermaloredepositsdistributeovertheworld.However,thereisaspecialphe-nomenonwhichthee... | Li Chaoyang Pan Jiayong Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002 | 1999 | Journal of Earth Science1999，18，1： | 0 |
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