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| 1 | A/O生物脱氮工艺处理生活污水中试(一)短程硝化反硝化的研究显示文摘应用A/O生物脱氮中试试验装置处理实际生活污水,从pH、污泥浓度(MLSS)、自由氨(FA)、温度、污泥龄(SRT)、溶解氧(DO)和水力停留时间(HRT)等方面系统的分析了A/O工艺实现短程硝化反硝化的主要影响因素.结果表明,DO浓度是A/O工艺实现短程硝化反硝化的主要因素,由FISH检测发现长期控制低DO浓度(0.3~0.7 mg·L^-1)可以导致亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的淘洗,从而实现稳定的亚硝酸盐积累率,试验获得平均亚硝酸氮积累率为85%,有时甚至超过95%.提高DO浓度,1周内亚硝酸氮积累率从85%降到10%,继续维持低DO浓度,大约需要2个污泥龄时间才可重新恢复到较高的亚硝酸氮积累率(>75%).低DO浓度下,试验初期污泥沉淀性能随着亚硝酸氮积累率的增加而变差,而在试验后期,无论亚硝酸氮积累率多高,污泥沉淀性能一直很好,SVI值处于80~120 mL·g^-1。 | 马勇 王淑莹 曾薇 彭永臻 周利 | 2006 | 环境科学学报2006，26，5： | 52 |
| 2 | 活性污泥微生物菌群研究方法进展显示文摘活性污泥是活性污泥法处理污水系统的功能主体。人类对活性污泥微生物菌群的认识随着其研究方法的发展而逐步深入。传统培养方法只能检测到活性污泥中1%~15%的微生物。随着一系列基于免培养的分子生物学技术的出现,活性污泥中菌群的复杂性和多样性以惊人的速度被人们认识,大量依靠传统检测方法未能发现却在活性污泥中起关键作用的微生物逐渐被发现。许多模拟活性污泥菌群生存环境条件的现代培养技术开始发展,且已成功培养了一部分传统培养方法不能培养的细菌类群,这为研究基于免培养方法发现的大量新的微生物菌群的生理特性和作用机制提供了可能,也无疑将把人们对活性污泥菌群的认识推向一个新的层次.主要介绍活性污泥微生物菌群研究的一系列方法,从传统培养方法到基于免培养的现代分子生物学技术,再到现代培养技术,着重论述了现代分子生物学技术及其在活性污泥微生物菌群研究中的进展。 | 朱海霞 陈林海 张大伟 赵现方 杨天佑 陈洪卫 闫亚娟 汪杏莉 秦广雍 李宗义 | 2007 | 生态学报2007，27，1： | 33 |
| 3 | 小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21的分子鉴定和标记辅助选择显示文摘利用小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21的RAPD标记(OPH17(1400))、SCAR标记(SCAR(1400)和SCAR(1265))和荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)对小麦抗病育种材料中的抗白粉病Pm21基因进行了分子鉴定和标记辅助选择。利用随机引物OPH17进行RAPD分析结果表明,在3~5次重复共372次RAPD扩增中,有28次(7.53%)未获得扩增产物,有21次(5.64%)扩增结果难以判断目标片段OPH17(1400)的有无,说明RAPD标记检测结果的可靠性和重现性较差,在育种中应用有一定局限性。而在利用SCAR标记共488次PCR扩增中,均可以扩增出与Pm21基因连锁的多态性SCAR(1400)或SCAR(1265)目标片段,说明SCAR标记是稳定、准确、可靠的DNA分子标记,可应用于育种群体中Pm21基因的分子鉴定和标记辅助选择。利用RAPD和SCAR标记对具有不同遗传背景的'滚动式加代回交转育'抗白粉病育种群体中抗病基因Pm21分子标记检测结果表明,DNA分子标记与植株的白粉病抗性表现一致,并在此基础上进行了标记辅助的向农艺亲本的回交转育。荧光原位杂交结果表明,经多代回文改良,未发现簇毛麦6VS染色体臂与普通小麦染色体的重组。 | 刘志勇 孙其信 李洪杰 倪中福 杨作民 唐伯让 杨爱东 贾旭 | 1999 | Acta Genetica Sinica1999，26，6： | 34 |
| 4 | Evaluation of the suitability of a partially defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae meal as ingredient for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) diets显示文摘Background: Two trials were performed to evaluate a partially defatted Hermetia illucens(HI) larvae meal as potential feed ingredient in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) diets. In the first trial, 360 trout(178.9 ± 9.8 g of mean initial body weight) were randomly divided into three experimental groups(4 tanks/treatment, 30 fish/tank). The fish were fed for 78 days with isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic diets containing increasing levels of HI, on as fed basis: 0%(HI0, control diet), 25%(HI25) and 50%(HI50) of fish meal substitution, corresponding to dietary inclusion levels of 0, 20% and 40%. In the second trial, 36 trout(4 tanks/treatment, 3 fish/tank) were used to evaluate the in vivo apparent digestibility coefficients(ADC) of the same diets used in the first trial.Results: Survival, growth performance, condition factor, somatic indexes, and dorsal fillet physical quality parameters were not affected by diet. The highest dietary inclusion of HI larvae meal increased dry matter and ether extract contents of trout dorsal fillet. The use of HI larvae meal induced a decrease of valuable polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) even if differences were only reported at the highest level of HI inclusion. The insect meal worsened the lipids health indexes of the same muscle. Dietary inclusion of insect meal did not alter the villus height of the fish. No differences were found among treatments in relation to ADC of ether extract and gross energy, while ADC of dry matter and crude protein were higher in HI25 if compared to HI50.Conclusions: The obtained results showed that a partially defatted HI larvae meal can be used as feed ingredient in trout diets up to 40% of inclusion level without impacting survival, growth performance, condition factor, somatic indexes, dorsal fillet physical quality parameters, and intestinal morphology of the fish. However, further investigations on specific feeding strategies and diet formulations are needed to limit the observed negative effects of the insect meal on the FA composition of dorsal muscle. | M. Renna A. Schiavone F. Gai S. Dabbou C. Lussiana V. Malfatto M. Prearo M. T. Capucchio I. Biasato E. Biasibetti M. De Marco A. Brugiapaglia I. Zoccarato L. Gasco | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，4： | 32 |
| 5 | Integration mechanisms of transgenes and population fitness of GH transgenic fish显示文摘It has been more than 20 years since the first batch of transgenic fish was produced. Five stable germ-line transmitted growth hormone (GH) transgenic fish lines have been generated. This paper reviews the mechanisms of integration and gene targeting of the transgene, as well as the viability, reproduction and transgenic approaches for the reproductive containment of GH-transgenic fish. Further, we propose that it should be necessary to do the following studies, in particularly, of the breeding of transgenic fish: to assess the fitness of transgenic fish in an aqueous environment with a large space and a complex structure; and to develop a controllable on-off strategy of reproduction in transgenic fish. | HU Wei & ZHU ZuoYan* State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，4： | 27 |
| 6 | Kinematics Modeling and Experiments of Pectoral Oscillation Propulsion Robotic Fish显示文摘A robotic fish driven by oscillating fins, 'Cownose Ray-I', is developed, which is in dorsoventrally flattened shape withouta tail. The robotic fish is composed of a body and two lateral fins. A three-factor kinematic model is established and used in thedesign of a mechanism. By controlling the three kinematic parameters, the robotic fish can accelerate and maneuver. Forwardvelocity is dependent on the largest amplitude and the number of waves in the fins, while the relative contribution of fin beatfrequency to the forward velocity of the robotic fish is different from the usual result. On the other hand, experimental results onmaneuvering show that phase difference has a stronger effect on swerving than the largest amplitude to some extent. In addition,as propulsion waves pass from the trailing edge to the leading edge, the robotic fish attains a backward velocity of 0. 15 m·s-1. | Shao-bo Yang,Jing Qiu,Xiao-yun HanInstitute of Mechatronical Engineering and Automatization,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,P.R.China | 2009 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2009，6，2： | 25 |
| 7 | 高氮城市生活垃圾渗滤液短程生物脱氮显示文摘采用“两级UASB-缺氧-好氧系统”处理高COD与高NH4^+-N的城市生活垃圾渗滤液.180天的试验结果表明:UASB1(一级UASB)与UASB2(二级UASB)最大COD去除速率分别为12.5、8.5 kg·m^-3·d-1,UASB1的NOx--N的最大去除速率为3.0 kg·m^-3·d^-1.系统COD去除率为80%~92%,出水COD为800~1500 mg·L^-1.原渗滤液的NH+4-N为1100~2000 mg·L^-1,A/O工艺的最大NH4^+-N去除速率为0.68kg·m^-3·d^-1;在17~30℃,通过NO-2-N累积率为90%~99%的短程硝化,NH4^+-N的去除率在99%左右,出水NH4+-N小于15 mg·L^-1.回流处理水和二沉池回流污泥中的NOx^--N分别在UASB1和A/O工艺的缺氧段实现完全反硝化,使系统无机氮TIN去除率达80%~92%.同时高效的反硝化为硝化提供了充足的碱度,使A/O工艺pH大于8.5,维持较高的游离氨浓度,结果表明,高游离氨(FA)是导致短程硝化的主要因素.以pH作为控制参数调控A/O工艺的曝气时间,可以有效的抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的增长,实现种群优化和稳定的短程硝化. | 张树军 彭永臻 曾薇 郑淑文 周利 | 2006 | 环境科学学报2006，26，5： | 25 |
| 8 | 生物除磷系统启动期聚磷菌的FISH原位分析与聚磷特性显示文摘应用FISH对以乙酸钠为碳源的强化生物除磷(EBPR)SBR反应器启动期的微生物进行原位分析,考察除磷生态系统形成过程中聚磷菌种群结构、空间分布关系动态变化及其聚磷特性.结果表明,以异养菌为主的活性污泥经过厌氧/好氧驯化后,聚磷菌大量富集,在全菌中的比例由11.5%增加到40.48%.启动过程中,生物系统内菌群竞争持续进行:首先,聚磷菌淘汰异养菌,历时5 d;聚磷菌种群内选择过程历时19 d;经过优势聚磷菌群的二次增长后,共计34 d完成生物除磷系统的启动.富集过程中快速增殖的聚磷菌不能立刻行使除磷能力,要有一段'积累期'形成一定的PHA和poly-P储备.表现为污染物去除效率滞后于聚磷菌的增殖,经过4~8 d的'积累期'后上升出现峰值.二次增长的优势聚磷菌群也经过'积累期'后才发挥作用.FISH图片显示,快速增殖期的聚磷菌菌体小,菌群结构松散.经过'积累期'之后,菌体不断增大,并开始紧密聚集形成致密的团状,此时反应器处理效率较高. | 亢涵 王秀蘅 李楠 任南琪 | 2009 | 环境科学2009，30，1： | 25 |
| 9 | 环境污染条件下生物体内DNA损伤的生物标记物研究进展显示文摘在正常条件下生物体内的基因组是稳定的;但在环境污染条件下,其DNA容易遭受伤害,主要损伤形式为:碱基改变、脱碱基位点、碱基错配、插入或缺失片段、嘧啶联合、DNA加合物、DNA链断裂、甲基化损伤、DNA链内和链间交联等. 这些受损的DNA对生物细胞产生遗传毒性或细胞毒性. 利用生物标记物进行DNA损伤的检测和定量分析是可行的方法. 本文重点介绍了一些典型的DNA损伤(如DNA加合物、断裂、DNA序列改变等)的生物标记物及其检测方法;认为这些生物标记物在环境污染物的早期诊断和评价方面具有广阔的应用前景. | 刘宛 李培军 周启星 孙铁珩 许华夏 | 2005 | 应用与环境生物学报2005，11，2： | 24 |
| 10 | Numerical simulations of self-propelled swimming of 3D bionic fish school显示文摘Numerical simulations of self-propelled swimming of a three dimensional bionic fish and fish school in a viscous fluid are carried out. This is done with the assistance of a parallel software package produced for 3D moving boundary problems. This computational fluid dynamics package combines the adaptive multi-grid finite volume method, the immersed boundary method and VOF (volume of fluid) method. By using the package results of the self-propelled swimming of a 3D bionic fish and fish school in a vis- cous fluid are obtained. With comparison to the existing experimental measurements of living fishes, the predicted structure of vortical wakes is in good agreement with the measurements. | WU ChuiJie1 & WANG Liang2 1 State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China 2 Research Center for Fluid Dynamics, People’s Liberation Army University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101, China | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，3： | 23 |
| 11 | Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Multi-body Systems Using the Udwadia-Kalaba Theory显示文摘Laboratory experiments were conducted for falling U-chain,but explicit analytic form of the general equations of motion was not presented.Several modeling methods were developed for fish robots,however they just focused on the whole fish's locomotion which does little favor to understand the detailed swimming behavior of fish.Udwadia-Kalaba theory is used to model these two multi-body systems and obtain explicit analytic equations of motion.For falling U-chain,the mass matrix is non-singular.Second-order constraints are used to get the constraint force and equations of motion and the numerical simulation is conducted.Simulation results show that the chain tip falls faster than the freely falling body.For fish robot,two-joint Carangiform fish robot is focused on.Quasi-steady wing theory is used to approximately calculate fluid lift force acting on the caudal fin.Based on the obtained explicit analytic equations of motion(the mass matrix is singular),propulsive characteristics of each part of the fish robot are obtained.Through these two cases of U chain and fish robot,how to use Udwadia-Kalaba equation to obtain the dynamical model is shown and the modeling methodology for multi-body systems is presented.It is also shown that Udwadia-Kalaba theory is applicable to systems whether or not their mass matrices are singular.In the whole process of applying Udwadia-Kalaba equation,Lagrangian multipliers and quasi-coordinates are not used.Udwadia-Kalaba theory is creatively applied to dynamical modeling of falling U-chain and fish robot problems and explicit analytic equations of motion are obtained. | ZHAO Han ZHEN Shengchao CHEN Ye-Hwa | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2013，26，5： | 22 |
| 12 | 采用FISH、DGGE和Cloning对短程脱氮系统中硝化菌群的比较分析显示文摘针对4种不同的实际污水短程生物脱氮系统(SBR大型中试反应器、UASB-A/O小型反应器、A/O中试反应器和SBR小型反应器),采用Fish、PCR-DGGE和PCR-Cloning-Sequencing分子生物学方法对系统中硝化菌群AOB和NOB进行定性与定量化分析.Fish结果表明,在4种短程脱氮系统中,AOB相比于NOB已成为明显的优势菌群,占总菌群的3%~12%;在SBR中试和小试反应器中没有检测出NOB;A/O中试反应器中存在极少量的Nitrospira(<0.2%),而UASB-A/O小型反应器中存在极少量的Nitrobacteria(<0.2%).PCR-DGGE结果表明SBR中试、A/O和UASB-A/O 3种短程脱氮系统中的AOB均以Nitrosomonas-like为主.SBR大型中试反应器中污泥样品的PCR-Cloning-Sequencing结果表明,所有的克隆相似于Nitrosomonas,其中60%以上的克隆相似于Nitrosomonas europaea. | 曾薇 杨庆 张树军 马勇 刘秀红 彭永臻 李军 | 2006 | 环境科学学报2006，26，5： | 22 |
| 13 | 土壤微生物多样性及其研究方法综述显示文摘围绕土壤微生物多样性的内涵,可将土壤微生物多样性分为遗传多样性、功能多样性、物种多样性和生态多样性4个研究层面;另将土壤微生物多样性的主要研究方法归为3类,即:传统平板培养法、生物化学方法和分子生物学方法,并分别对各方法进行介绍和评述,最后提出该领域研究的发展趋势。 | 蔡晨秋 唐丽 龙春林 | 2011 | 安徽农业科学2011，39，28： | 22 |
| 14 | Design and Experiments of a Robotic Fish Imitating Cow-Nosed Ray显示文摘The cow-nosed ray is studied as natural sample of a flapping-foil robotic fish.Body structure, motion discipline, and dynamicfoil deformation of cow-nosed ray are analyzed.Based on the analysis results, a robotic fish imitating cow-nosed ray,named Robo-ray Ⅱ, mainly composed of soft body, flexible ribs and pneumatic artificial muscles, is developed.Structure andswimming morphology of the robotic prototype are as that of a normal cow-nosed ray in nature.Key propulsion parameters ofRobo-ray Ⅱ at normal conditions, including the St Number at linear swimming, thrust coefficient at towing are studied throughexperiments.The suitable driving parameters are confirmed considering the efficiency and swimming velocity.Swimmingvelocity of 0.16 m·s-1’and thrust coefficient of 0.56 in maximum are achieved in experiments. | Yueri Cai,Shusheng Bi,Licheng Zheng Robotics Institute,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,P.R.China | 2010 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2010，7，2： | 20 |
| 15 | 高效厌氧产甲烷颗粒污泥微生物多样性及定量化研究显示文摘以小试高效厌氧反应器不同运行阶段的颗粒污泥为对象,利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)、荧光原位杂交(FISH)和实时定量链式聚合酶反应(RTQ-PCR)等技术研究了其中微生物种群的多样性、特征微生物的空间分布和定量关系,结果表明:随着反应器有机负荷逐渐提高,颗粒污泥中古菌的群落结构的变化较细菌更为明显;细菌多分布在颗粒外层,而古菌则主要分布在颗粒内层;古菌含量略少于细菌,但有逐渐增多的趋势;产甲烷丝菌在古菌中的含量增加明显. | 孙寓姣 左剑恶 邢薇 李建平 鲁颐琼 | 2006 | 环境科学2006，27，11： | 20 |
| 16 | 金属离子对厌氧氨氧化反应器效能的影响显示文摘以序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)实现厌氧氨氧化,考察了铁、锰离子对厌氧氨氧化效能和细菌混培物生长的影响。经过180 d的培养发现,增加金属离子浓度可以提高反应器的脱氮效率,铁离子浓度为0.08 mmol/L或锰离子浓度达到0.05 mmol/L时,反应器对NH4+-N和NO2--N的去除率均稳定在95%以上;两反应器的VS值分别提高了1.33倍和1.57倍。表明添加金属离子可以促进厌氧氨氧化菌混培物的生长,这对于厌氧氨氧化工艺的运行有着重要的指导意义。 | 彭厦 高大文 黄晓丽 | 2012 | 中国给水排水2012，28，21： | 19 |
| 17 | 绒毛染色体培养和荧光原位杂交技术应用于自然流产原因分析显示文摘目的分析自然流产与染色体异常的关系,探讨传统的细胞培养法和荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)在临床诊断中的可行性。方法对89例自然流产患者绒毛同时进行传统细胞遗传学分析和荧光原位杂交分析。结果 89例绒毛细胞培养成功59例,检出染色体数目异常25例,结构异常3例,嵌合体3例;89例FISH实验成功率100%,检出13、16、18、21、22和性染色体数目异常29例。结论胎儿染色体异常是导致自然流产的重要原因,其中数目异常是最主要的类型,流产绒毛染色体分析和FISH技术在临床应用上各有优势,两种技术的结合可优势互补,提高诊断效率,在流产查因、产前诊断等领域应用前景广泛。 | 方小武 李红艳 干志峰 梁少霞 | 2012 | 中国优生与遗传杂志2012，20，4： | 19 |
| 18 | 基于PFC2D不同细观参数对生态混凝土宏观破坏分析显示文摘采用PFC2D离散元软件通过内嵌的Fish语言创建了不规则骨料,通过建立的生态混凝土数值模型利用控制变量法从不同细观力学参数对其双轴压缩破坏的影响进行了分析。研究结果表明:平均强度和标准差主要影响混凝土材料的不均匀性,不均质度越高,强度越低,裂纹空间分布越分散;摩擦系数主要影响应力应变曲线的形状和材料强度,摩擦系数越大,颗粒之间的咬合力越大,曲线下降段的残余强度也就越大;刚度比值和接触模量的增大均会造成颗粒之间形成刚性接触,平行黏接的作用会被削弱导致高抗拉应力和更多的张拉裂纹,最终宏观表现为张拉破坏。对混凝土数值模型的力学细观参数进行探究能够更好地对其进行参数的选择,为以后建立数值模型提供参考依据。 | 宿辉 唐阳 聂汉江 | 2014 | 科学技术与工程2014，22，28： | 19 |
| 19 | Fish sauce and gastric cancer:an ecological study in Fujian Province,China显示文摘AIM To explore the relationship betweenconsumption of fish sauce and the risk of gastriccancer in Fujian Province.METHODS An ecological study was carriedout.A total of 11000 subjects from 55 townshipswere randomly selected from 10 counties withinFujian Province.All subjects were localresidents who had been living in Fujian Provincefor more than 20 years,within the age group of45-74 years.Trained interviewers conductedface-to-face interviews with a standardizedquestionnaire,which covered the frequency andamount of food intake,dietary habit,tobaccoand alcohol consumption and history of chronicgastric diseases.Univariate and multivariateanalyses were performed using Epi-info and SASstatistical packages,respectively.RESULTS A significant correlation betweenmonthly consumption of fish sauce and mortalityof gastric cancer was found.Pearson’scoefficient of correlation was statisticallysignificant with r=0.7356 for males,r=0.5246for females(P<0.01).In the multivariateanalysis,consumption of fish sauce still showedan association with the risk of gastric cancer.No significant positive correlation betweenesophagus cancer,liver cancer,colon cancerand consumption of fish sauce were observed.CONCLUSION Long-term intake of fish saucemay be related to high mortality of gastriccancer.Consumption of fish sauce might be oneof important and unique etiologic factors ofgastric cancer in Fujian Province.Furtherstudies are needed to confirm this ecologicalstudy. | Lin Cai Shun Zhang Yu Wei Min Ye Ying Nan Yi | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，5： | 18 |
| 20 | 525例肺癌中ALK阳性病例临床病理特征研究及检测方法探讨显示文摘背景与目的间变性淋巴瘤激酶(anaplastic lymphoma kinase,ALK)融合基因的产生对肺癌的发生、发展起重要作用。ALK酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitors,TKIs)对ALK阳性肺癌患者具有较好的疗效。提高ALK阳性病例的检出率对患者有重要意义。本研究旨在探讨ALK阳性病例的临床病理特征、免疫组化(immunohistochemistry,IHC)方法在筛查ALK阳性病例中的意义,以及荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)在检测流程中的作用。方法应用IHC方法检测525例肺癌患者组织标本中ALK的表达,并对其中34例进行FISH验证。结果肺癌病例中ALK IHC阳性率为5.14%(27/525)。ALK阳性组中年轻患者、女性患者比例高于ALK阴性组(P<0.05);实体型肺腺癌在ALK阳性组中比例明显增高,而腺泡型与贴壁型比例明显降低,与阴性组相比有差异(P<0.05)。34例病例进行FISH验证,IHC与FISH符合率随IHC阳性程度的增加递增。伴或不伴有EGFR突变的ALK IHC阳性病例,都必须进行ALK FISH验证。结论 IHC可以作为可靠的ALK筛查手段,提高ALK的检出率。FISH检测对确诊ALK阳性肺癌具有重要意义。 | 朱翔 李红威 曹宝山 柳晨 梁莉 王玉湘 由江峰 高菲 马晓龙 刘岩 王华 张燕 陈剑 张波 | 2014 | 中国肺癌杂志2014，17，3： | 18 |
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