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1Reconstruction of the diagenesis of the fluvial-lacustrine-deltaic sandstones and its influence on the reservoir quality evolution——Evidence from Jurassic and Triassic sandstones, Yanchang Oil Field, Ordos Basin显示文摘The reservoir quality of Jurassic and Triassic fluvial and lacustrine-deltaic sandstones of the Yanchang Oil Field in the Ordos Basin is strongly influenced by the burial history and facies-related diagenetic events. The fluvial sandstones have a higher average porosity (14.8%) and a higher permeability (12.7×10?3 ?m2) than those of the deltaic sandstones (9.8% and 5.8 ×10?3 ?m2, respectively). The burial compaction, which resulted in 15% and 20% porosity loss for Jurassic and Triassic sandstones, respectively, is the main factor causing the loss of porosity both for the Jurassic and Triassic sandstones. Among the cements, carbonate is the main one that reduced the reservoir quality of the sandstones. The organic acidic fluid derived from organic matter in the source rocks, the inorganic fluid from rock-water reaction during the late diagenesis, and meteoric waters during the epidiagenesis resulted in the formation of dissolution porosity, which is the main reason for the enhancement of reservoir-quality.罗静兰 S.Morad 张晓莉 闫世可 武富礼 李玉宏 薛军民 2002Science China Earth Sciences2002,45,7:20
2A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION AND FLUVIAL PROCESSES显示文摘This paper consists of two parts: mechanism of non-equilibrium transport of non-uniform sediment and its application in the mathematical model. Based on a statistic approach of sediment transport proposed by the authors, a 1 - D equation of non-e- quilibrium transport for various size group of sediment particles is developed. Then equations to predict change of sediment concentration and the corresponding changes in size distribution of suspended load and bed material are also derived. The conception that changes in size distribution are interrelated to sediment-carrying capacity is expounded. These results reveal the essence of sediment transport of non-uniform sediment particles. In the second part a mathematical model incorporating the mentioned equations to compute deposition and scouring in reservoirs as well as the fluvial processes of river channels has been developed. Verification of the model agrees well with field data.Han Qiwei and He Mingmin (Senior Research Engineers, Dept. of Sedimentation Eng. Inst. of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Research.) (The English text is abridged, altered and edited by Ding Lianzhen) 1990International Journal of Sediment Research1990,5,2:10
3EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON INCIPIENT MOTION OF SEDIMENT PARTICLES ON GENERALIZED SLOPING FLUVIAL BEDS显示文摘This paper presents an experimental investigation on incipient motion of non-cohesive uniform sediment under a steady-uniform stream flow on generalized sloping fluvial beds (combined lateral and stream-wise slope). The characteristic parameters affecting the incipient motion of sediment particles, identified based on the physical reasoning and dimensional analysis, are the threshold shear stress ratio (ratio of threshold shear stress for sloping bed to that for horizontal bed), lateral slope, stream-wise slope and angle of repose of sediment particles. Experiments were carried out in two ducts (closed-conduit flow) having section of semicircular invert with three types of sediments. In an open channel flow (laboratory flume study), the uniform flow is a difficult, if not impossible, proposition for a steeply sloping channel and is impossible to obtain in an adversely sloping channel. To avoid this problem, the tests were conducted with a closed-conduit flow. Equation of critical bed shear stress for the initial movement of sediment particles on generalized sloping beds was obtained using the experimental data.Subhasish DEY Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engrg., Indian Inst. of Tech., Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India. Fax: +91 3222 82254 2001International Journal of Sediment Research2001,16,3:8
4Hyperconcentrated flows as influenced by coupled wind-water processes显示文摘Using data from more than 40 rivers in the middle Yellow River basin, a study has been made of the influence of coupled wind-water processes on hyperconcentrated flows. A simple “vehicle” model has been proposed to describe hyperconcentrated flows. The liquid phase of two-phase flows is a “vehicle”, in which coarse sediment particles are carried as solid-phase. The formation and characteristics of hyperconcentrated flows are closely related with the forma-tion and characteristics of this liquid-phase and solid-phase. Surface materials and geomorphic agents of the middle Yellow River basin form some patterns of combination, which have deep influence on the formation and characteristics of liquid- and solid-phases of hyperconcentrated flows. The combination of high percentages of relatively coarse material with low percentages of fine material appears in the area predominated by the wind process, where the supply of rela-tively coarse sediment is sufficient, but the supply of relatively coarse sediment is not. The com-bination of low percentages of relatively coarse material with high percentages of fine material appears in the area predominated by the water process, where the supply of fine sediment is sufficient, but the supply of fine sediment is not. In the area predominated by coupled wind-water processes appears the combination of medium percentages of coarse and fine materials, and thus both coarse and fine sediments are in relatively sufficient supply. The manner in which the mean annual sediment concentrations of liquid- and solid-phases vary with total suspended sediment concentration is different. With the increased total suspended sediment concentration, mean annual sediment concentration of liquid-phase increased to a limit and then remained constant; however, mean annual sediment concentrations of solid-phase in-creased continuously. Thus, the magnitude of total suspended sediment concentration depends on the supply conditions of relatively coarse sediment and the ability of the flow to carry these relatively coarse sediment particles. In the area predominated by wind process, both the liquid- and the solid-phases cannot develop well, and their concentrations are low. In the area pre-dominated by the water process, the mean annual sediment concentrations of liquid- and solid-phases are also low. Only in the area predominated by coupled wind-water processes, can the conditions most favor the development of both the liquid- and solid-phases, and then the peaks of mean annual sediment concentrations of liquid- and solid-phases appear. Low values of suspended sediment concentrations appear in the areas predominated by the wind process or by the water process, a fact indicating that the predominating wind process or water process does not favor the development of hyperconcentrated flows. Peak values appear in the area where the coupled wind-water processes are predominated, indicating that the cou-pled wind-water processes most favor the development of hyperconcentrated flows.XU Jiongxin Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2005Science China Earth Sciences2005,48,11:8
5Equations and their physical interpretation in numerical modeling of heavy metals in fluvial rivers显示文摘Based on the previous work on the transport-transformation of heavy metal pollutants in fluvial rivers, this paper presented the formulation of a two-dimensional model to describe heavy metal transport-transformation in fluvial rivers by considering basic principles of environmental chemistry, hydraulics, mechanics of sediment transport and recent developments along with three very simplified test cases. The model consists of water flow governing equations, sediment transport governing equations, transport-transformation equation of heavy metal pollutants, and convection-diffusion equations of adsorption-desorption kinetics of particulate heavy metal concentrations on suspended load, bed load and bed sediment. The heavy metal transport-transformation equation is basically a mass balance equation, which demonstrates how sediment transport affects transport-transformation of heavy metals in fluvial rivers. The convection-diffusion equations of adsorption-desorption kinetics of heavy metals, being an extension of batch reactor experimental results and a major advancement of the previous work, take both physical transport, i.e. convection and diffusion and chemical reactions, i.e. adsorption-desorption into account. Effects of sediment transport on heavy metal transport-transformation were clarified through three examples. Specifically, the transport-transformation of heavy metals in a steady, uniform and equilibrium sediment-laden flow was calculated by applying this model, and results were shown to be rational. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation indicated that the transport-transformation of heavy metals in sediment-laden flows with clay-enriched riverbed possesses not only the generality of common tracer pollutants, but also characteristics of transport-transformation induced by sediment motion. Future work will be conducted to present validation/application of the model with available data.HUANG SuiLiang Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China 2010Science China(Technological Sciences)2010,53,2:5
6From fluvial dynamics to eco-fluvial dynamics显示文摘Sediment plays a very important role in the functioning of river ecosystems.It is the basic substance for the survival of benthic animals and aquatic plants.On the other hand,the growth of biofilms and biodisturbance of benthos affect the sediment transport characteristics.With the increasing attention to protect aquatic ecosystems,the importance of habitats has become increasingly researched.The need to study the interactions among sediment,flow,riverbed deformation,and aquatic ecosystems naturally leads to the proposed discipline of eco-fluvial dynamics.In this paper,the basic concept and main research content of eco-fluvial dynamics is introduced with the Yarlung Tsangpo River as the research example.This case study is an example of an aquatic ecosystem in an ever-changing environment because of the effects of climate change.The results of analysis of eco-fluvial dynamics will provide a scientific basis for decision support for the government.Guojian He Hongwei Fang Jianyu Wang Tao Zhang 2019International Journal of Sediment Research2019,34,6:4
7A reservoir skeleton-based multiple point geostatistics method显示文摘Traditional stochastic reservoir modeling,including object-based and pixel-based methods,cannot solve the problem of reproducing continuous and curvilinear reservoir objects. The paper first dives into the various stochastic modeling methods and extracts their merits,then proposes the skeleton-based multiple point geostatistics(SMPS) for the fluvial reservoir. The core idea is using the skeletons of reservoir objects to restrict the selection of data patterns. The skeleton-based multiple point geostatistics consists of two steps. First,predicting the channel skeleton(namely,channel centerline) by using the method in object-based modeling. The paper proposes a new method of search window to predict the skeleton. Then forecasting the distributions of reservoir objects using multiple point geostatistics with the restriction of channel skeleton. By the restriction of channel centerline,the selection of data events will be more reasonable and the realization will be achieved more really. The checks by the conceptual model and the real reservoir show that SMPS is much better than Sisim(sequential indicator simulation) ,Snesim(Single Normal Equation Simulation) and Simpat(simulation with patterns) in building the fluvial reservoir model. This new method will contribute to both the theoretical research of stochastic modeling and the oilfield developments of constructing highly precise reservoir geological models.YIN YanShu1,WU ShengHe2,ZHANG ChangMin1,LI ShaoHua1 & YIN TaiJu1 1 Faculty of Geosciences,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,China 2 Faculty of Resource and Information,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 2009Science China Earth Sciences2009,52,S1:4
8Developing policy for the Yellow River sediment sustainable control显示文摘The Yellow River of China is one exception where erosion and sediment delivery have successfully been reduced[1].This river was once the world’s largest carrier of fluvial sediment load and peaked at about 1.6 Gt yr-1in the middle of the last century[1-3].TheShuai Wang Bojie Fu Wei Liang 2016National Science Review2016,3,2:3
9FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ANASTOMOSING FLUVIAL SYSTEM ON COMPLEX DELTAIC PLAIN显示文摘The anastomosing fluvial system was considered as the same term of the braided fluvial system. Smith and others have recognized the difference between them. They described the anastomosing fluvial system as 'a low energy complex of several interconnected channels of variable sinuosity crossing a wetland and forming many elongate vegetated islands', and established a depositional model of anastomosing fluvial system based on their彭苏萍 1990Chinese Science Bulletin1990,35,10:2
10Fluvial sediments in the Alagxa Plateau as a dust source: iron mineralogical and geochemical evidence显示文摘The Alagxa Plateau, in the margin of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most important dust source areas in East Asia, and the widespread sandy desert in the area is important both as a reservoir and a source of eolian silty. The northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is one of the most actively-growing mountain belt on earth, and has large amounts of debris, with masses of fine grained material, which were continuously mobilized and deposited in the Alagxa Plateau by rivers, forming broad alluvial fans. It is possible that the role of fluvial sediments as a source of silty dust in the Alagxa Plateau has been underestimated. In this study, we test this hypothesis by investigating the iron mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the fluvial sediments and the surface material of the sandy desert in the Alagxa Plateau, and comparing them with paleo-eolian dust deposits(loess) in the adjacent Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP) to investigate the possible linkages among the fluvial sediments, sandy desert and the last glacial loess of the CLP. The results show that sandy desert typically have high contents of goethite, and high ratios of goethite to hematite, similar to the fluvial sediments in the Alagxa Plateau. Based on the major element characteristics, field investigations and the results of previous studies, we found a genetic link between the silt component of the fluvial sediments and the sandy desert in the Alagxa Plateau with high value of Gt(goethite) and similarity of the Gt/(Hm(hematite)+Gt) ratio. But the silt component of the sandy desert main come from the adjacent fluvial sediments. The iron mineralogical characteristics(χ(magnetic susceptibility), χARM(anhysteretic susceptibility), SIRM(saturation isothermal remanent magnetization) and SIRM_(AF100 mT)(SIRM demagnetized at 100 mT)) of the CLP samples overlap with those of the fluvial sediments in the Alagxa Plateau, but there is a mismatch with the sandy desert samples. This suggests that the fluvial sediments are the source of a large amount of silty material which could be transported to the CLP. Therefore, we conclude that the fluvial sediment in the Alagxa Plateau is an important source of eolian silt, which is deposited in downwind region, and that this source has been previously underestimated.WANG Youjun JIA Jia LU Hao LU Caichen XIA Dunsheng 2019Journal of Arid Land2019,11,2:2
11Ecological function regionalization of fluvial corridor landscapes and measures for ecological regeneration in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang of China显示文摘The middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River are currently one of the main regions of ecological restoration in the arid areas of western China.Using the principles and method of landscape ecology,this study has chosen the fluvial corridor landscape in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River,and discusses the region's ecologically functional regionalization system and issues related to its practical classification.On this basis the corresponding regionalizing principles and standards were developed which were used to qualitatively divide the three main landscapes as the ecologically functional areas in the drainage basin.The paper has also analyzed the characteristic of the study areas,and has put forward the measures for its ecological restoration.Zhou, HuaRong Xia, DuNing 2010Journal of Arid Land2010,2,2:2
12RIVER PATTERNS AND SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL TRANSFORMATION MODES显示文摘Five main modes of spatial transformation of the river patterns and various factors influencing the river systems are discussed in the paper. Representative rivers in China and other countries demonstrate the river pattern transformation in response to some controlling factors. Furthermore, the fluvial processes are studied with historic fluvial deposits in ancient rivers. It is found that there are certain relationships between the modern spatial transformation and the ancient temporal evolution in some river systems. The anastomosing river pattern and its deposits are analyzed with the drilled core samples. Various spatial transformation modes of river patterns have been reported and different temporal evolution modes have been recorded in sediments of the ancient rivers. The braided-meandering transformation, either spatial or temporal, is found to occur more often than other modes. The main factors controlling the spatial transformation and temporal evolution of the river patterns are geotectonic characteristics, sea level fluctuation, climate change, vegetation, composition of sediment in banks and floodplains, flow discharge and sediment load. The order of these factors differs for transformation modes under different conditions.NI Jinren1,4, WANG Suiji2, 4 and WANG Guangqian3,4 (Prof., Center for Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China Asso. Researcher and DL, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, 100101, Beijing, China 2000International Journal of Sediment Research2000,15,4:2
13High-precision geochronological constraints on the duration of ‘Dinosaur Pompeii’ and the Yixian Formation显示文摘The Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota,renowned for its exceptionally wellpreserved volcanic-influenced ecosystem, was buried in lacustrine and occasionally fluvial sediments. This includes, notably, the Huajiying, Yixian and Jiufotang Formations in northern Hebei and western Liaoning and equivalent ash-interbedding sediments in neighboring areas [1–3](Fig. 1). It harbors many evolutionarily significant taxonomies, e.g. feathered dinosaurs,early birds, mammals and flowering plants, representing one of the most diversified terrestrial biotas of the Mesozoic [1,2,4].Yuting Zhong Magdalena H.Huyskens Qing-Zhu Yin Yaqiong Wang Qiang Ma Yi-Gang Xu 2021National Science Review2021,8,6:2
14RIVER BED DYNAMICS AND BED SEDIMENT TRANSPORTIN MOUNTAIN TORRENTS IN MOUNTAIN TORRENTS显示文摘Undoubtfully there is a strong interrelationship between sediment transport and river bed dynamics. Instable river beds are the result and the reason for erosion, transport and for accumulation of bed sediments. Since the investigations of Simons & Richardson (1962) the interpretation on flow regime, bed roughness and resistance to flow is well investigated for Sandy bed material. In contrast there is a certain neglect of knowledge in the case of coarser material. The big difference between these river beds are caused by the distinctive erodibility of the coarse materials and their restricted availability. Nevertheless the regime concept is a good tool not only for the classification of many phenomena but will help to understand the dynamics of both river beds and transports of mountain torrents.Peter Ergenzinger Carmen de Jong Berlin Environmental Research Group Institut fur Geographische Wissenschaften Freie Universitut Berlin Grunewaldstr. 35, 12165 Berlin, Germany 1997International Journal of Sediment Research1997,12,3:1
15Bank erosion in an Andean páramo river system: Implications for hydro-development and carbon dynamics in the neotropical Andes显示文摘The páramo of the Northern Andes provide critically important ecosystem services to the Northern Andean region in the form of water provisioning and carbon sequestration, both of which are a result of the páramo?s organic-rich soils. Little is known, however, about the hydro-geomorphic characteristics of the rivers that drain these ecosystems. With impending plans for widespread hydro-development and increasing implementation of carbon-sequestering compensation for ecosystem services programs in the region it is imperative that we develop a thorough understanding of the hydrogeomorphic role that rivers play in this unique ecosystem. The objective of this study was to quantify bank erosion along an Amazonian headwater stream draining a small, relatively undisturbed páramo catchment to gain a better understanding of the natural erosion regime and the resulting sediment contributions from this unique ecosystem. This study implemented a combination of field, laboratory, and Geographic Information Systems techniques to quantify bank erosion rates and determine a bank erosion sediment yield from the Ningar River, a small páramo catchment(22.7 km^2) located in the eastern Andean cordillera of Ecuador. Results show that bank erosion rates range from 3.0 to ≥ 390.0 mm/yr, are highly episodic, and yield at least 487 tons of sediment annually to the Ningar River. These results imply that 1) páramo ecosystems substantially contribute to the sediment load of the Amazon River basin; 2) bank erosion is a potentially significant flux component of basin-scale carbon cycles in páramo ecosystems; and 3) hydrologic alteration campaigns(dam building) will likely critically alter these contributions and concomitantly disconnect a critical source of sediment and nutrients to downstream ecosystems.Derek J.MARTIN Christopher ELY Beverley C.WEMPLE 2019Journal of Mountain Science2019,16,2:1
16The Late Palaeozoic Rifting on Hainan Island, China显示文摘There occurred rifting on Hainan Island in the Late Palaeozoic. Bimodal volcanic rocks composed ofbasalt and rhyolite developed in the Carboniferous. Widespread in the Late Palaeozoic formations are severallayers of fluvial intermontane conglomerates whose distribution is controlled by rift faults. The Late Palaeozoicdeposits dominaled by clastic rocks are, for a major part, of marine facies and of continental facies in the lowerand upper parts. Lithological and lithochemical studies indicate that the detrital rocks were formed in atectonic setting of continental rifting. The evolution of the rifting terminated at the stage of transition form anintra continental rift to an intercontinental one and the rift basin was a bay opening westward to the sea.Xia Bangdong Shi Guangyu Fang Zhong Yu Jinhai Wang Ciyin Tao Xiancong Li Huimin Department of Earth Sciences,Nanjing University, Nanjng Jiang Minxi 1991Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)1991,65,4:1
17Fan-Delta,Braid Delta and the Classification of Delta Systems显示文摘This paper mainly discusses the origin and deposhional features of fan-deltas and braid deltas. Fan-del-tas are storm discharge-dominated, while braid deltas are usually flashy flood-dominated. The two types ofdelta, like common deltas, were reworked by marine processes. Delta systems are classified into nine deltatypes on the basis of the subaerial depositional processes and the nature of marine reworking. Fan-deltas and braid deltas are of great significance for petroleum exploration. In divergent-marginforeland and intraplate rift-subsided basin settings fan-deltas often form combination traps for petroleum ac-cumulation.W.E.Galloway 1991Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)1991,65,4:1
18FLUVIAL PROCESSES IN THE LOWER YELLOW RIVER AFTER LEVEE BREACHING AT TONGWAXIANG IN 1855显示文摘In studying the fluvial processes of an alluvial river one cannot but take the river’s historical background into consideration. China has kept on recording the changes of its major river systems in detail since ancient times, and these records are the most valuable historical heritage in the field of river engineering studies. In 1855 a serious levee breaching occurred at Tongwaxiang,Henan Province in the Lower Yellow River, and the main river channel was relocated entirely, causing important changes in reaches both upstream and downstream of the breach. The influence is so profound that some characteristics of the fluvial processes in the Lower Yellow River are closely related to it to this day. In the following the writer will explain the relations between the past and the present in four aspects: 1. Channel changes in the flooded area after the breaching and their impacts; 2. Evolution of the Daqing River after invasion by the Yellow River; 3. Influence of the levee breaching on the upstream river channel; 4. Features of geographical location of levee breaching spots in the last hundred years so as to learn the experiences and lessons in the historical historical fluvial processes and to benefit the work of river improvement in the Lower Yellow River.Qian Ning (N. Chien) (Late professor of Tsinghua University.) 1990International Journal of Sediment Research1990,5,2:1
19Bedload transport from analytical and turbulence phenomenological perspectives显示文摘In this paper,we present the dynamics of bedload transport from two different perspectives.They are the analytical perspective and the turbulence phenomenological perspective.In bedload transport from the analytical perspective,we highlight the systematic advances in the analytical modelling of bedload transport over the decades.These advances are principally classified into three broad foundations,namely,the deterministic foundation,that includes the bed shear stress concept,stream power concept,force balance concept and bedform concept,and the probabilistic foundation and the turbulence phenomenological foundation of bedload transport.The bedload transport from the turbulence phenomenological perspective brings into focus the bedload-induced turbulence phenomenology,including the hydrodynamics of mobile-bed and water-worked bed flows.We also discuss the recent advances in the biofilm-coated bedload transport.Finally,conclusion is drawn,highlighting the major research challenges.Subhasish Dey Sk Zeeshan Ali Ellora Padhi 2019International Journal of Sediment Research2019,34,6:1
20Sediment dynamics and temporal variation of runoff in the Yom River,Thailand显示文摘The Yom River is one of the four major sediment sources to the Chao Phraya River in Thailand.Human activities and changes in climate over the past six decades may have affected the discharge and sediment load to some extent.In the current study,the river discharge and sediment characteristics in the mainstream of the Yom River were investigated using the field observation data from 2011 to 2013 and the historical river flow and sediment data from 1954 to 2014 at six hydrological stations operated by the Royal Irrigation Department of Thailand(RID).The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and double mass curve were used to analyze the sediment dynamics and temporal changes in the discharge of the Yom River.The results revealed that the sediment was mainly transported in suspension,and the bed-tosuspended sediment loads ratio varied between 0 and 0.05.The daily suspended sediment load(SSL)in the upper and middle basins had a strong correlation with the daily discharge and could be represented by power equations with coefficients of determination higher than 0.8.The daily suspended sediment load in the lower basin did not directly depend on the corresponding discharge because of the reduction in river slope and water diversion by irrigation projects.It also appeared that the river discharges and sediment loads were mainly influenced by climate variation(floods and droughts).Moreover,the average sediment transport of the upper,middle,and lower reaches were 0.57,0.71,and 0.35 million t/y,respectively.The sediment load in the lower basin decreased more than 50%as a result of changes in the river gradient(from mountainous to floodplain areas).The results from sediment analysis also indicated that the construction of the Mae Yom Barrage,the longest diversion dam in Thailand,and land-use changes did not significantly affect the sediment load along the Yom River.Matharit Namsai Butsawan Bidorn Seree Chanyotha Ruetaitip Mama Nathamon Phanomphongphaisarn 2020International Journal of Sediment Research2020,35,4:1
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