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| 1 | 实验性家兔脊髓空洞症发病机制研究显示文摘目的 探讨实验性脊髓空洞症发病机制。方法 取中国白兔 2 4只 ,其中Kaolin组 (12只 )经皮枕大池穿刺注入Kaolin制作动物模型 ,生理盐水组和假手术组 (各 6只 )作对照。术后行Kaolin组MRI扫描并与光镜、电镜组织学对比。结果 2周时MRI发现上颈髓呈水肿、缺血性改变。 4~ 6周 ,90 %动物形成空洞。空洞随观察时间延长而逐渐增大、受累节段增多。组织学证实了MRI发现。 | 张庆俊 孙国柱 张更申 赵华东 | 2000 | 中华神经外科杂志2000，16，6： | 25 |
| 2 | APPLICATION OF CLAYS TO REMOVAL OF RED TIDE ORGANISMS Ⅲ.THE COAGULATION OF KAOLIN ON RED TIDE ORGANISMS显示文摘This article reports studies on the coagulation of kaolin(from Wuxian,Jiangsu,China)on various red tide organisms,and the observation for the first time that the coagulation of kaolin is much greaterthan that of montmorillonite so that kaolin is a more effective clay for removing red tide organisms.The authors’theoretical explanation and analysis by a mathematical-physical model prove that comparedto montmorillonite,kaolin has greater attraction for organism cells and therefore greater coagulation capabil-ity.This project’s studies on the effects of pH and acid-treatment show that the acid-treatment does not have much influence on the kaolin system;whereas the effect of pH on the kaolin system is the same asthat on the montmonrillonite system. | 俞志明 邹景忠 马锡年 | 1995 | Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology1995，13，1： | 15 |
| 3 | 实验性脊髓空洞MRI动态观察及演变分析显示文摘目的 :应用 MRI动态观察经皮枕大池穿刺注入 Kaolin诱导的家兔实验性脊髓空洞症模型 ,结合光镜、电镜组织学对比 ,对脊髓空洞症演变过程加以探讨。方法 :取中国白兔 32只 ,16只动物经皮枕大池穿刺注入 Kaolin制作动物模型 ,生理盐水组和假手术组 (各 8只 )作对照。术后行 MRI扫描并与光镜、电镜组织学对比。结果 :2周时 MRI发现上颈髓呈水肿、缺血性改变。 4~ 6周 ,90 %动物形成空洞。空洞随观察时间延长而逐渐增大且受累节段增多。组织学证实了 MRI发现。结论 :Kaolin性肉芽肿引起的上颈髓缺血、水肿和脑脊液循环障碍在脊髓空洞形成中发挥重要作用。其中 ,前者在髓内空洞进展中起主要作用 ,后者在中央管扩张中起主要作用。 | 孙国柱 张庆俊 张更申 王增智 | 2001 | 脑与神经疾病杂志2001，9，4： | 7 |
| 4 | 聚丁二酸丁二酯/聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯)/纳米高岭土熔融共混力学性能、流变及降解行为研究显示文摘用熔融共混挤出法制备的聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)/聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯)[poly(3HB-co-4HB)]/纳米高岭土(nano Kaolin)复合降解材料;利用万能拉力机、旋转流变仪和SEM对其力学性能、流变行为、微观结构及降解性能进行研究。结果表明,PBS/poly(3HB-co-4HB)/nano Kaolin(100/10/8)复合降解材料的缺口冲击强度、断裂伸长率达到最大,此后随着nano Kaolin质量百分比增加,而呈下降趋势;在室外自然条件下,经过土埋一段时间后的降解实验,PBS/poly(3HB-co-4HB)/nano Kaolin(100/10/12)复合材料发生了明显的降解,复合降解材料的失重率也已经降到64%左右,说明材料的降解性能较好;纳米复合降解材料熔融剪切储能模量(G′),剪切损耗模量(G″)随着频率的增大呈单增趋势。 | 唐义祥 孙万里 何宏 梁多平 | 2013 | 功能材料2013，44，1： | 6 |
| 5 | A FCC Catalyst Prepared by in situ Technique Based on Application of Filter Residue and Kaolin显示文摘This paper has provided an effective method to utilize the filter residue. A Y zeolite-containing composite and a fluid catalytic cracking(FCC) catalyst had been successfully prepared by an in-situ crystallization technology using filter residue and kaolin as raw materials. The samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and N_2 adsorption-desorption techniques and evaluated in a bench FCC unit. In comparison to the reference samples synthesized from single kaolin,the silica/alumina molar ratio, the external surface area, and the total pore volume of the composite increased by 16.2%,14.5%, and 16.2%, respectively. The catalyst possessed more meso-and macro-pores and more acid sites than the reference catalyst, and exhibited better coke selectivity. The prepared catalyst had the optimum isomerization and aromatization performance. The olefin content in the cracked gasoline obtained over this catalyst was reduced by 5.05 percentage points with the research octane number of gasoline increased by 0.5 units. | Zheng Shuqin He Lijun Yao Hua Ren Shao Zhang Jiance | 2017 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2017，19，1： | 3 |
| 6 | Effect of kaolin on tensile strength and humidity resistance of a water-soluble potassium carbonate sand core显示文摘Water soluble cores(WSCs) have been widely applied in manufacture of complex metal components with hollow configurations or internal channels. However, the WSCs without any additons have low tensile strength and low humidity resistance. The purpose of this study is to prepare a water-soluble potassium carbonate sand core with addition of kaolin by the hot-temping method. The effects of kaolin on tensile strength, humidity resistance, fracture mechanism, as well as the gas evolution and collapsibility of WSCs were investigated. Results show that both the crystal morphology and the fracture mechanism of the inorganic salt are changed under the participation of kaolin, contributing to the increase of the tensile strength and the humidity resistance of the core. With the addition of 3wt.% kaolin, the tensile strength could be increased by a factor of 2, reached 1.50 MPa and the hygroscopic rate could be decreased by 14%, achieved 0.559%(after stored for 8 h), respectively. As the addition amount of kaolin increases from 0wt.% to 3wt.%, the main fracture mechanism changes from a adhesive to a cohesive fracture mechanism. The water-soluble potassium carbonate core obtained has the low gas evolution and excellent collapsibility, which makes it suitable for casting low melting metal with complex cavities and crooked channels. | Long Zhang Li-na Zhang Yuan-cai Li | 2016 | China Foundry2016，13，1： | 3 |
| 7 | Fabrication and characterization of affordable hydrophobic ceramic hollow fibre membrane for contacting processes显示文摘Affordable hydrophobic hollow fibre membranes were prepared using kaolin and alumina based ceramic powders via a combined phase inversion and sintering technique,followed by a grafting with fluoroalkylsilane(FAS).The crux of the matter in this paper is to study the changes in the properties of the hollow fibre membranes(gas permeation,mechanical strength,pore size,porosity,tortuosity,morphology,and contact angle)by the addition of alumina(Al2O3)to the pure kaolin with mono or multiparticle sizes.By varying the overall loading and particle size of alumina addition,different morphologies of the membranes were obtained due to the differences in the path lengths during phase inversion process for each solvent and nonsolvent exchange.The successful grafting with FAS was evidenced by the increase in contact angle from nearly equal to zero degree before grafting to 140°after grafting.Kaolin-alumina-4,one of the hollow fibres fabricated in this work,achieved a mean pore size of 0.25μm with the bending strength of 96.4 MPa and high nitrogen permeance of 2.3×10^(-5) mol·m^(-2)·Pa^(-1)·s^(-1),which makes the hollow fibre most suitable for the membrane contactor application. | Mohammed Abdulmunem ABDULHAMEED Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan OTHMAN Haider Nadhom Azziz Al JODA Ahmad Fauzi ISMAIL Takeshi MATSUURA Zawati HARUN Mukhlis A.RAHMAN Mohd Hafiz PUTEH Juhana JAAFAR | 2017 | Journal of Advanced Ceramics2017，6，4： | 3 |
| 8 | Dry Separation of Iron Minerals from Low-Grade Coal-series Kaolin显示文摘Dry separation of iron mineral from low-grade coal-series kaolin in Hubei Province of China was investigated. The structure and chemical composition of the kaolin ore were determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence(XRF) analyses. The narrow particle size range classification, dry magnetic separation and calcination were carried out to evaluate the particle size distribution, and the relation between the content of iron and the whiteness. Experimental results revealed that the highest content of iron(3.70%) in kaolin ore was in the particle size range from 60 to 74 μm, and pyrite was the main occurrence of iron in the kaolin ore. Dry magnetic separation showed that the removal rate of iron in kaolin ore could be increased obviously after calcination, and the rate of iron removal was 60% in the particle size range from 60 to 74 μm. As pyrite can be transformed into hematite through calcination, thermodynamic studies and XRD analysis showed that the maximum content of hematite was obtained at 900 ℃, which would be more beneficial to magnetic separation. | 黄腾 雷绍民 LIU Mochou JI Mengjiao LIU Yuanyuan YIN Xudong PENG Yongjun | 2015 | Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)2015，30，5： | 2 |
| 9 | Engineering property test of kaolin clay contaminated by diesel oil显示文摘Engineering property of kaolin clay contaminated by diesel oil was studied through a series of laboratory experiments.Oil contents(mass fraction) of 4%,8%,12%,16% and 20% were selected to represent different contamination degrees,and the soil specimens were manually prepared through mixing and static compaction method.Initial water content and dry density of the test kaolin clay were controlled at 10% and 1.58 g/cm^3,respectively.Test results indicate that since part of the diesel oil will be released from soil by evaporation,the real water content should be derived through calibration of the quasi water content obtained by traditional test method.As contamination degree of the kaolin clay increases,both liquid limit and plastic limit decrease,but there's only a slight increase for plasticity index.Swelling pressure of contaminated kaolin clay under confined condition will be lowered when oil-content gets higher.Unconfined compressive strength(UCS) of the oil-contaminated kaolin clay is influenced by not only oil content but also curing period.Increase of contamination degree will continually lower UCS of the kaolin clay specimen.In addition,electrical resistivity of the contaminated kaolin clay with given water content decreases with the increase of oil content.However,soil resistivity is in good relationship with oil content and UCS.Finally,oil content of 8% is found to be a critical value for engineering property of kaolin clay to transit from water-dominated towards oil-dominated characteristics. | 刘志彬 刘松玉 蔡奕 | 2015 | Journal of Central South University2015，22，12： | 2 |
| 10 | 德语中的汉语借词显示文摘 | 华昶 国强 | 2001 | 德语人文研究2001，，4： | 2 |
| 11 | Salinity effects on soil shrinkage characteristic curves of fine-grained geomaterials显示文摘Fine-grained clayey soils are prone to substantial volume changes during desiccation in response to the dynamics of their moisture regime,and are of critical importance in several geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering applications. As such, the complex interactions between the fraction of soil solids and the ionic pore fluid play a critical role in governing such volume changes, and have been the focus in studies dealing with marine geotechnology, mine-tailing ponds, engineered barrier systems, etc.With this in mind, the present investigation evaluates the volume changes and accompanying densification from a saturated slurry state to a constant volume state of a reference fine-grained geomaterial,kaolin, subjected to evaporative dewatering. For this purpose, several parametric studies involving determination of soil shrinkage characteristic curves(SSCCs) of kaolin under the influence of varied salt constituents and concentrations of pore fluid are performed. Furthermore, a critical assessment of SSCCs depicting progressive shrinkage and volume change behaviour of geomaterials is provided, followed by the analysis of experimentally obtained SSCCs of the kaolin to explore the impacts of pore fluid salinity.Moreover, the SSCCs are parameterised with a predictive model and the fitting parameters are used to quantitatively demonstrate the salinity-dependent volume change response of a representative finegrained porous system. | Partha Narayan Mishra Alexander Scheuermann Thierry Bore Ling Li | 2019 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2019，11，1： | 1 |
| 12 | INTERFACIAL MOLECULAR DESIGN OF A RIGID- PARTICLE TOUGHENED POLYAMIDE 6 COMPOSITE显示文摘The effects of interfacial modifier on the mechanical properties of kaolin-filled polyamide 6 (PA6) have been studied. The interracial interaction between polyamide 6 and kaolin has been character ized by means of infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the role of the interracial modifier lies in forming an elastic interlayer with good adhesion between kaolin and PA 6. A composite with high impact strength, high tensile strength and high elastic modulus can be obtained by inserting the elastic interfacial modifier into the rigid-particle-filled polymer system. | 欧玉春 于中振 冯宇鹏 方晓萍 | 1993 | Chinese Journal of Polymer Science1993，11，1： | 1 |
| 13 | 一种实验性脊髓空洞前状态动物模型的建立显示文摘目的:建立一种新西兰兔脊髓空洞前状态动物模型。方法:新西兰兔64只,随机分为Kaolin组、生理盐水组和假手术组,其中Kaolin组48只,经皮枕大池穿刺注入25%Kaolin混悬液0.6ml,分别于Kaolin注射后第1d、3d、7d、14d、21d、28d后常规行MRI观察后处死,取出上颈髓行组织学观察。结果:Kaolin组动物自Kaolin注入后3d出现缺血水肿(72.78±0.88%),7~14d达高峰(72.94±0.64%),21d减轻(70.21±0.49%);在T1WI表现为略低信号,T2WI为高信号且不能为FLAIR序列所抑制。至28d动物出现上颈髓空洞。结论:经皮枕大池Kaolin注射法可以制作出一种稳定性好、可重复率高的脊髓空洞前状态动物模型。 | 孙国柱 赵宗茂 张更申 张庆俊 | 2008 | 脑与神经疾病杂志2008，16，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Influence of Replacement Level of Coal-series Kaolin on Hydration of Ordinary Portland Cement by X-ray Diffraction/Rietveld Method显示文摘The influence of replacement level of calcined coal-series kaolin (CCK) on hydration of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD)/Rietveld method. X-ray diffraction/ Rietveld method was used to quantify the crystalline phase composition of the hydrated samples. Additionally, the morphology of hydrated samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that, calcium hydroxide (CH), ettringite (AFt) and amorphous phase content in hydrated samples decreased as the replacement level of CCK increased, while AFm and stratiingite increased, which was caused by the combination of dilute, physical and pozzolanic effects. The hydration of anhydrous cement phases was accelerated by physical effect but hindered by the retardation effect of CCK. The role of each effects was discussed in detail to analyze the mechanism of OPC hydration with CCK addition. The SEM images showed that the shortening of AFt at 1 day and the denser texture at 28 days was observed with CCK addition, which was caused by the physical and pozzolanic effects, respectively. | 刘园圆 雷绍民 LI Yang XIE Feixiang LI Bo | 2019 | Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)2019，34，3： | 1 |
| 15 | The Hizeh-Jan Kaolin Deposit of NW Iran:the Tetrad Effect in REE Distribution Patterns显示文摘The Hizeh-Jan kaolin deposit(northwest of Varzeghan, East-Azarbaidjan Province, NW Iran) is a product of the alteration of Eocene andesitic rocks. Based on mineralogical examinations, kaolinite, quartz, smectite, pyrophyllite, muscovite-illite, alunite, calcite, diaspore, goethite and hematite are the most abundant mineral phases in this deposit. The geochemical indicators, such as Y/Ho and Zr/Hf, indicate the non-CHARAC(non-Charge-radius control) behavior of these pairs, which are likely to be due to the occurrence of the tetrad effect phenomenon in this deposit. Simultaneous concave and convex shapes in the chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns are a remarkable feature of the kaolin samples. Bivariate diagrams of the size of the third tetrad effect(T_3) versus geochemical parameters such as Y/Ho, Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios display two distinct populations for the kaolin samples. The first population is characterized by high T_3 values(>0.13), which are near or on the fault zone. The second population is characterized by low T_3 values(<0.13), and are farther from the fault zone. The obtained results from the geochemical data have furnished compelling evidence that fluidrock interaction, overprint of hypogene processes by supergene ones, and structural control, are key controlling factors for the occurrence of tetrad effects in REE distribution patterns in the Hizeh-Jan kaolin deposit. | ABEDINI Ali REZAEI AZIZI Mansour | 2019 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2019，93，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Ultimate bearing capacity of strip footing resting on clay soil mixed with tire-derived aggregates显示文摘This study investigated the use of recycled tire-derived aggregate(TDA)mixed with kaolin as a method of increasing the ultimate bearing capacity(UBC)of a strip footing.Thirteen 1g physical modeling tests were prepared in a rigid box of 0.6 m×0.9 m in plan and 0.6 m in height.During sample preparation,0%,20%,40%,or 60%(by weight)of powdery,shredded,small-sized granular(G 1–4 mm)or large-sized granular(G 5–8 mm)TDA was mixed with the kaolin.A strip footing was then placed on the stabilized kaolin and was caused to fail under stress-controlled conditions to determine the UBC.A rigorous 3D finite element analysis was developed in Optum G-3 to determine the UBC values based on the experimental test results.The experimental results showed that,except for the 20%powdery TDA,the TDA showed an increase in the UBC of the strip footing.When kaolin mixed with 20%G(5–8 mm),the UBC showed a threefold increase over that for the unreinforced case.The test with 20%G(1–4 mm)recorded the highest subgrade modulus.It was observed that the UBC calculated using finite element modeling overestimated the experimental UBC by an average of 9%. | Ali AREFNIA Ali DEHGHANBANADAKI Khairul Anuar KASSIM | 2021 | Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering2021，15，4： | 0 |
| 17 | TGF-β1在脊髓空洞前状态的表达变化研究显示文摘目的用免疫组化技术动态观察新西兰白兔脊髓空洞症模型中TGF-β1的表达情况,探讨其在脊髓空洞前状态形成中的作用机制。方法将90只健康、体重1. 5~2 kg的新西兰白兔(雌雄不限),随机分为Kaolin组、0. 9%氯化钠溶液组和对照组,每组30只。于术后第1、3、7、10、14天后处死,迅速完整取出C1-2节段4 mm,置4%多聚甲醛后固定48 h,供TGF-β1免疫组织化学染色检查。用HPIAS-1000高清晰度彩色病理图文分析系统对TGF-β1阳性反应物积分光密度值(IOD)进行半定量检测,进行统计分析。结果 TGF-β1免疫组织化学检测发现,对照组和0. 9%氯化钠溶液组动物颈髓灰质和白质神经元及胶质细胞均有弱阳性表达。Kaolin组动物于术后第1天上颈髓组织神经元表达有明显升高,神经胶质细胞亦可见阳性表达,主要为胞浆表达;第3天、7天、10天在上颈髓灰质及白质神经元、神经胶质细胞呈强阳性表达,胞浆可见粗的棕黄色颗分布,以第10天最为显著。第14天则TGF-β1表达稍微减弱。0. 9%氯化钠溶液组和对照组TGF-β1表达的IOD测定差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05); Kaolin组动物颈髓组织中TGF-β1表达与0. 9%氯化钠溶液组和对照组相比明显升高,其中以第10天最为显著(P <0. 01)。结论本实验结果显示在脊髓空洞形成早期,脊髓组织TGF-β1表达上调,提示其在脊髓空洞前状态病理生理形成过程中可能发挥重要作用。 | 王浩 陈东 胡继良 | 2019 | 河北医药2019，41，2： | 0 |
| 18 | APPLICATION OF MICROBIAL OXIDATION OF PYRITE显示文摘Thiobacillus ferrooxidans can be self-cultured in the acidic mine water after nourishing treatment.The mine water containing Thiobacillus ferrooxidans has been used in the heap leaching of pyritic-coal-bearing kaolin ore.The kaolin ore has been purified through the oxidation leaching of pyrite to remove the sulfur and iron impurities. | 雷绍民 | 2000 | Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)2000，15，1： | 0 |
| 19 | KAOLIN CLAY PURIFICATION BY DRY HIGH GRADIENT MAGNETIC SEPARATION显示文摘A new method-dry High Gradient Magnetic Separation (HGMS)-to remove iron from ultrafine kaolin powder is described. A new kind of disperser, which breaks down the particle clusters in the powder by high speed gas flow from an air compressor, is used to completely disperse the powders. The dispersed particles are passed through vibrating HGMS by a vacuum pump to remove the iron. The magnetic and nonmagnetic fractions are separately collected by cloth collectors. Dry HGMS laboratory experiments are carried out. A product containing 0.90% Fe2O3 was obtained, and the recovery was 70%. | Zhu, Dehua Sun, Zhongyuan Chen, Jin Central South University of Technology, Changsha 410083, China Chen, Zhengxue Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | 1993 | 中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版1993，3，1： | 0 |
| 20 | Insight into leaching of rare earth and aluminum from ion adsorption type rare earth ore:Adsorption and desorption显示文摘Clay minerals are inferred to be the primary host materials for ion-exchangeable rare earth in ion adsorption type rare earth ore(IAREO).During the rare earth leaching process,the adsorption and desorption reactions of the cations controlling the leaching process continue to occur at the clay minerals-leaching agent solution interface.In order to understand the leaching mechanism and behavior of rare earth and co-leached aluminum,adsorption,competitive adsorption,and desorption experiments were carried out using kaolin as a typical clay mineral.The powerful electrostatic attraction and concentration driving forces facilitate the adsorption of cations.The adsorption ability and competitive adsorption ability of cations depend on their charge,hydration radius,and hydrolysis properties,and decrease in the order of La^(3+),Y^(3+),Al^(3+),Mg^(2+),and NH_(4)^(+).The desorption of rare earth and aluminum is positively affected by the concentration-driving force exerted by high concentrations of Mg^(2+) and NH_(4)^(+),with the order of the desorption ability being opposite to the adsorption ability.However,unspecified interactions between clay mineral particles enhanced by high-concentration desorbents,especially by Mg^(2+) than NH_(4)^(+),will adversely affect desorption reactions,which result in lower desorption efficiencies of rare earth and aluminum obtained with magnesium sulfate compared to those obtained with ammonium sulfate at high concentrations.Solid-phase Al(OH)_(3) generated at a high peak aluminum concentration leads to a considerably delayed aluminum efflux,thereby partially separating the rare earth from aluminum during the actual column leaching process.To advance the mining technology of IAREO by selectively improving the rare earth leaching efficiency with minimal leaching agent consumption,higher charged cations with concentrations limited to suitable levels should be preferred as leaching agents. | Qiang He Jinfa Chen Limei Gan Menglan Gao Miaomiao Zan Yanfei Xiao | 2023 | Journal of Rare Earths2023，41，9： | 0 |
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