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| 1 | Thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transformation in rare earth–magnesium alloys:A critical review显示文摘Magnesium and its alloys are significant superior metallic materials for structural components in automobile and aerospace industries due to their excellent physicomechanical properties.The Mg–rare earth(RE)systems have attracted great interests because RE additions can improve both the deformability and the strength of Mg alloys through solid solution strengthening and precipitation hardening mechanisms.This paper focuses on the interface stability,together with thermodynamics and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the key phases and matrix phases in Mg–RE alloys.In this paper,the theory and recent advances on Mg–RE alloys,especially for the interface stability,thermodynamics and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the key phases and matrix phases,together with their relationships with micro-structures,and macroscopic properties,are reviewed.By combining the thermodynamics/kinetics integrated simulations with various advanced experimental techniques,“reverse”design of Mg–RE alloys starting from the target service performance is put forward as a kind of scientific paradigm with rational design. | Qun Luo Yanlin Guo Bin Liu Yujun Feng Jieyu Zhang Qian Li Kuochih Chou | 2020 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2020，44，9： | 26 |
| 2 | Removal of Cd and Pb with biochar made from dairy manure at low temperature显示文摘Biochar(BC) derived from waste products is a cost-effective sorbent for remediation of metal-contaminated soils.We studied the kinetics and adsorption mechanisms for removal of metal ions,such as lead(Pb^(2+)) and cadmium(Cd^(2+)) with biochar.The adsorption capacities of BC for Pb^(2+) and Cd^(2+) increased after alkaline treatment.The highest sorption capacities were 175.53 and 68.08 mg g^(–1),for Pb and Cd,respectively.The Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo second kinetic equation could well fit the adsorption processes,revealing that the sorption mechanisms of Pb^(2+) and Cd^(2+) by BC are complex and predominantly controlled by chemisorption.BC has a higher affinity for Pb than Cd,due to easy hydrolysis of Pb at low pH.Furthermore,precipitation as carbonate minerals(2PbCO_3·Pb(OH)_2 and CdCO_3) and complexation with functional groups(carboxyl and hydroxyl) were also important for adsorption of Pb and Cd by BC. | CHEN Zhi-liang ZHANG Jian-qiang HUANG Ling YUAN Zhi-hui LI Zhao-jun LIU Min-chao | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，1： | 19 |
| 3 | Kinetics of Hydrothermal Reactions of Minerals in Near-critical and Supercritical Water显示文摘This work presents new experimental results on the kinetics of mineral dissolution in near-critical and supercritical water in a temperature range (T) from 25 to 400℃ and a constant pressure of 23 MPa. Kinetic experiments were carried out by using a flow reactor (packed bed reactor) of an open system. The dissolution rates of albite and magnetite were measured under these experimental conditions. Na, Al and Si release rates for albite dissolution in water were measured as a function of the temperature and flow velocity in the reaction system. The maximum release rates of Na, AI and Si of albite dissolution in the hydrothermal flow systems under different flow velocities were always obtained at 300℃, that is to say, the maximum albite dissolution rates in the flow systems, regardless of different flow rates, were repeatedly measured at 300℃. Results indicate a wide fluctuation in albite dissolution rates occurring close to the critical point of water. The dissolution rates increased when the | ZHANG Ronghua HU Shumin ZHANG Xuetong | 2000 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2000，74，2： | 18 |
| 4 | 氧化铈纳米粒子光催化降解亚甲基蓝的动力学和机理(英文)显示文摘CeO2 nanocrystals were synthesized by a simple precipitation method and calcination at 600℃.(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 and ammonia were used as precursors.The CeO2 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and N2 adsorption.The photodegradation of methylene blue catalyzed by CeO2 nanoparticles was studied under UV and sunlight irradiation.The highest degradation was obtained with 1.0 g/L CeO2 at pH 11 within 125 min.The pseudo first order rate constants of dye bleaching were calculated as 16.2×10-3 and 15.7×10-3 min-1 under UV and sunlight irradiation,respectively.The effect of iso-PrOH,iodide ion,and H2O2 was studied to predict the pathway of dye degradation.The obtained results indicate the effect of photogenerated holes in the degradation mechanism of the dye.Also,the photocatalytic activity of the prepared photocatalyst was studied in the presence of several negative ions. | H.R.POURETEDAL A.KADKHODAIE | 2010 | 催化学报2010，31，11： | 16 |
| 5 | Extraction of Alumina from Coal Fly Ash with Sulfuric Acid Leaching Method显示文摘Coarse γ-Al2O3 powder was prepared through acid leaching,solid-liquid separation,crystallizing and aluminum sulfate decomposing processes using coal fly ash and concentrated sulfuric acid as raw materials.The metallurgy level Al2O3 can be obtained by disposing coarse γ-Al2O3 powder with Bayer process.The optimum conditions of acid leaching process were determined by experiments.The extraction rate of Al2O3 can be stabilized at about 87% under these conditions.The thermodynamics and kinetics of sulfuric acid leaching process were studied with irreversible thermodynamics. | 李来时 吴玉胜 刘瑛瑛 翟玉春 | 2011 | 过程工程学报2011，11，2： | 16 |
| 6 | Experiments and reaction characteristics of liquid phase simultaneous removal of SO_2 and NO显示文摘Experiments of simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO from simulated flue gas,using NaClO2 solution as the absorbent,were carried out in a self-designed bubble reactor,and high simultaneous removal effi-ciencies of SO2 and NO were obtained under the optimal experimental conditions.The mechanism of simultaneous removal based on NaClO2 acid solutions was proposed by analyzing the removal prod-ucts.Possibility and limitation of the desulfurization and denitrification using NaClO2 acid solutions were calculated by thermodynamic methods.Experimental results of reaction kinetics for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification indicated that the oxidation-absorption processes of SO2 and NO were divided into two zones,namely the fast and slow reaction zones.In the slow reaction zones both were zero order reactions,and in the fast reaction zones,the reaction order,rate constant and activa-tion energy of SO2 reaction with absorbent were 1.4,1.22(mol.L-1)-0.4.s-1 and 66.25kJ.mol-1,respec-tively,and 2,3.15×103(mol.L-1)-1.s-1,and 42.50 kJ.mol-1 for NO reaction,respectively. | ZHAO Yi,LIU Feng,GUO TianXiang & ZHAO Yin School of Environmental Science and Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003,China | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，6： | 15 |
| 7 | Study on the adsorption of lanthanum(Ⅲ) from aqueous solution by bamboo charcoal显示文摘The adsorption behaviors of La(Ⅲ) ion on bamboo charcoal were investigated with various chemical methods and IR spectrometry. Parameters studied include the effects of pH,average particle size,initial ion concentration,contact time and temperature by batch method. The results showed that bamboo charcoal could remove La(Ⅲ) ions effectively from aqueous solution. The loading of La(Ⅲ) ions was strongly dependent on pH of the medium and the optimal adsorption condition was in HNO3-TEA medium with pH value of 7.20. In the batch system,the modified bamboo charcoal exhibited the highest La(Ⅲ) ion uptake as 120 mg/g at 298 K,at an initial pH value of 7.20. The adsorption kinetics were tested with Lagergren-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption data were conformed to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms,and the correlation coefficients had been evaluated. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy(ΔG) ,which were all negative,indicated that the adsorption of La(Ⅲ) ion onto bamboo charcoal was spontaneous and the positive value of enthalpy(ΔH) showed that the adsorption was endothermic in nature. Thomas model was applied to experimental column data to determine the characteristic parameters of column useful for process design. The characterization of both before and after adsorption of La(Ⅲ) ion on bamboo charcoal was undertaken using IR spectroscopic technique. The results revealed that bamboo charcoal was a good choice as a biosorbent for the recovery of lanthanum from aqueous solution. | 陈青 | 2010 | Journal of Rare Earths2010，28，S1： | 15 |
| 8 | Kinetics in Mg-based hydrogen storage materials:Enhancement and mechanism显示文摘Mg-based materials have been intensively studied for hydrogen storage applications due to their high energy density up to 2600 Wh/kg or 3700 Wh/L.However,the Mg-based materials with poor kinetics and the necessity for a high temperature to achieve 0.1 MPa hydrogen equilibrium pressure limit the applications in the onboard storage in Fuel cell vehicles(FCVs).Over the past decades,many methods have been applied to improve the hydriding/dehydriding(H/D)kinetics of Mg/MgH 2 by forming amorphous or nanosized particles,adding catalysts and employing external energy field,etc.However,which method is more effective and the intrinsic mechanism they work are widely differing versions.The hydrogenation and dehydrogenation behaviors of Mg-based alloys analyzing by kinetic models is an efficient way to reveal the H/D kinetic mechanism.However,some recently proposed models with physical meaning and simple analysis method are not known intimately by researchers.Therefore,this review focuses on the enhancement method of kinetics in Mg-based hydrogen storage materials and introduces the new kinetic models. | Qun Luo Jianding Li Bo Li Bin Liu Huaiyu Shao Qian Li | 2019 | Journal of Magnesium and Alloys2019，7，1： | 15 |
| 9 | Microsatellite instability,MMR gene expression and proliferation kinetics in colorectal cancer with famillial predisposition显示文摘INTRODUCTIONGenetic instability is a conunon property of manyhuman cancers,including those of HNPCC.A novel form of genetic instability involving somaticalterations,such as deletions and insertions insimple repeated sequences,has been found.Microsatellitcs are relatively short runs of tandemlyrepeated sequences scattered throughout | Bao Ping Wu Ya Li Zhang Dian Yuan Zhou Chun Fang Gao Zhuo Sheng Lai | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，6： | 14 |
| 10 | KINETICS OF REACTION BETWEEN PbS AND PbO显示文摘The rate equation of reaction between PbS and PbO is dα/dt=kxPbS3 xPbO-2.A transition product,PbSO4·2PbO,is found by X-ray diffraction analysis.The reaction mechanism was dis-cussed on the basis of electron transfer. | LI Cheng Beijing Central Design and Research Institute for Non-Ferrous Metallurgical Industry,Beijing,ChinaLIU Chunpeng,Kunming Institute of Technology,Kunming,China LI Cheng,Metallurgical Dept.No.l,Beijing Central Design and Research Institute for Non-Ferrous Metallurgical Industry,Beijing 100038,China | 1990 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)1990，3，11： | 12 |
| 11 | Modified activated carbon with interconnected fibrils of iron-oxyhydroxides using Mn^(2+) as morphology regulator, for a superior arsenic removal from water显示文摘The arsenic removal efficiency of iron-modified activated carbons depends greatly on the number of available iron oxide surface sites, which are given by the surface area of the anchored particles. In this sense, aiming the generation of an adsorbent with superior arsenic adsorption capacity, we developed a protocol to anchor interconnected fibrils of iron oxyhydroxides, using Mn^(2+) as a morphology regulator. The protocol was based on a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, using bituminous based activated carbon and both Fe^(2+) and Mn^(2+) ions in the hydrolysis solution. The elemental analysis of modified carbons revealed that Mn does not anchor to the carbon. However, when Mn is included in the hydrolysis solution, the iron content in the activated carbon increased up to 3.5 wt%,without considerable decreasing the adsorbent surface area. Under specific hydrothermal conditions, the Mn^(2+) promoted the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles shaped as interconnected fibrils. This material showed a superior arsenic adsorption capacity in comparison to similar iron modified activated carbons(5 mg As/g carbon, at 2 mg As/L),attributed to the increase in quantity and availability of active sites located on the novel interconnected fibrils of iron oxyhydroxides nanostructures. | Cesar Nieto-Delgado Joel Gutiérrez-Martínez J.Rene Rangel-Méndez | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，2： | 12 |
| 12 | Thermal decomposition kinetics of titanium hydride and Al alloy melt foaming process显示文摘A temperature programmed decomposition (TPD) apparatus with metal tube struc- ture, in which Ar is used as the carrier gas, is established and the TPD spectrum of titanium hy- dride is acquired. Using consulting table method (CTM), spectrum superposition method (SSM) and differential spectrum technique, TPD spectrum of titanium hydride is separated and a set of thermal decomposition kinetics equations are acquired. According to these equations, the rela- tionship between decomposition quantity and time for titanium hydride at the temperature of 940 K is obtained and the result well coincides with the Al alloy melt foaming process. | YANG Donghui*1, HE Deping*1& YANG Shangrun*2 1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China 2. Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China | 2004 | Science China Chemistry2004，47，6： | 12 |
| 13 | Kinetics of indium dissolution from marmatite with high indium content in pressure acid leaching显示文摘The kinetics of oxygen pressure acid leaching marmatite with high indium content was studied. The effects of particle size, agitation rate, temperature, H_2SO_4 concentration, and oxygen partial pressure on leaching rate of indium were investigated. The results show that when the agitation rate is above 600 r-min^(-1), its influence on indium leaching rate is insignificant. It is determined that the leaching rates increase with the increase in sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, partial oxygen pressure, and the decrease in particle size. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the process of indium leaching is controlled by interface chemical reaction, with apparent activation energy of 65.7 k J-mol^(-1). The apparent reaction orders of sulfuric acid and oxygen partial pressure are determined to be 0.749 and 1.260, respectively. The leaching reaction process follows shrinking unreacted core model. And finally, the kinetics model equation is established for indium. | Lei Tian Yan Liu Ting-An Zhang Guo-Zhi Lv Shuang Zhou Guo-Quan Zhang | 2017 | Rare Metals2017，36，1： | 11 |
| 14 | Clinical utility of hepatitis B surface antigen kinetics in treatment-na?ve chronic hepatitis B patients during longterm entecavir therapy显示文摘AIM To investigate the utility of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) kinetics in chronic hepatitis B patients during long-term entecavir treatment.METHODS This retrospective study included treatment-na?ve chronic hepatitis B patients who received at least 2 years of consecutive entecavir treatment. Patients were followed up at three to six month intervals with liver biochemistry, hepatitis B virus DNA, and abdominal sonography. In hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive patients, HBeAg levels were assessed every three to six month until results became negative. Serum HBsAg levels were determined at the baseline, oneyear and five-year time points. Liver cirrhosis was diagnosed through liver biopsy, imaging examinations, or clinical findings of portal hypertension. Hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed by histological examination or dynamic image studies.RESULTS A total of 211 patients were enrolled. The median treatment time was 5.24(2.00-9.62) years. Multivariate analysis showed that lower baseline HBsAg levels were associated with an earlier virological response, earlier hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg) seroconversion, and earlier biochemical response in HBeAg-positive patients(cut-off value: 4 log IU/mL) and an earlier virological response in HBeAg-negative non-cirrhotic patients(cut-off value: 2.4 log IU/mL). Although HBsAg levels decreased slowly during long-term entecavir treatment, higher HBsAg decrease rates were found in the first year for HBeAg-positive non-cirrhotic patients, and patients with higher baseline HBsAg levels. More favorable clinical outcomes were not observed by a rapid HBsAg decline per se, but depended on lower baseline HBsAg levels.CONCLUSION Baseline HBsAg can be used to predict treatment responses. HBsAg levels and decrease rates should be considered together according to disease status while interpreting HBsAg changes. | Tien-Ching Lin Yen-Cheng Chiu Hung-Chih Chiu Wen-Chun Liu Pin-Nan Cheng Chiung-Yu Chen Ting-Tsung Chang I-Chin Wu | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，6： | 11 |
| 15 | 基于智能手机磁性传感器测量重力加速显示文摘介绍了利用智能手机测量重力加速度的方法.该方法利用智能手机的磁性传感器和Sensor Kinetics App研究了双线摆的运动规律,通过Sensor Kinetics App绘制出“磁场强度-时间”图像,通过该图像计算出振动周期,并使用Origin对振动周期和摆长使用最小二乘法进行线性拟合处理,最终通过拟合直线斜率求出重力加速度. | 李立 张皓晶 张雄 邱龙斌 姚蕊 吴杨峰 | 2019 | 物理实验2019，39，9： | 10 |
| 16 | Synthesis of novel adsorbent by intercalation of biopolymer in LDH for the removal of arsenic from synthetic and natural water显示文摘This study focuses on the synthesis of nanocomposites named CCA and CZA that were prepared by the incorporation of cellulose(CL)in the Ca/Al and Zn/Al layered double hydroxide(LDH),respectively.These materials were then used for the uptake of As(Ⅲ)and As(V)from aqueous medium.Characterization of both nanocomposites(CCA and CZA)was done using FTIR and Raman analysis to identify the functional groups,N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms to determine the specific surface area and pore geometry and XPS analysis to obtain the surface atomic composition.Some other characters were investigated using simultaneous TGA and DTA and elemental chemical analysis(CHNS/O).The crystallinity of the prepared nanocomposites was displayed by XRD patterns.Furthermore,the sheet-like structure of the LDHs and the irregularity of surface morphology with porous structure were observed by TEM and SEM microphotographs.Optimization of maximum adsorption capacity was adjusted using different parameters including pH,contact time and adsorbent dosage.The pseudo-second-order model was in good fitting with kinetics results.The adsorption isotherm results showed that CZA exhibits better adsorption capacity for As(Ⅲ)than CCA and the Langmuir isotherm model described the data well for both nanocomposites.Thermodynamic studies illustrated the endothermic nature of CCA and exothermic nature on CZA,as well as the fact that the adsorption process is spontaneous.A real water sample collected from well located in Gabes(Tunisia),has also been treated.The obtained experimental results were confirmed that these sorbents are efficient for the treatment of hazardous toxic species such as. | Hanen Bessaies Sidra Iftekhar Bhairavi Doshi Jamel Kheriji Mohamed Chaker Ncibi Varsha Srivastava Mika Sillanpaa Bechir Hamrouni | 2020 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2020，32，5： | 10 |
| 17 | Kinetics of Hydrogen Absorption in Hydrogen Storage Alloy显示文摘Hydrogenation kinetics of MLNi3.8(Co,Mn,Al)1.2 and MLNi3.7(Co,Mn,Al)1.2Cu0.1 alloy in α + β phase at the temperatUre range of 30 ~70 ℃ has been studied. The kinetic mechanism of hydrogen absorption is not affected by initial hydrogen pressure. Temperature does not influence the rate of hydrogen absorption obviously. In the prior and later period of hydrogen absorption the rate-controlling step is chemical reaction and hydrogen diffusion in the hydride phase respectively for MLNi3.8(Co,Mn,Al)1.2 alloy. Adding Cu, the rate-controlling step changes from chemical reaction to the nucleation and growth of β phase in the prior period and the process of hydrogen absorption still controlled by diffusion in the later period. | LIN Qin CHEN Ning YE Wen LIU Renmin(Applied Science School, USTB, Beijing 100083, China) (General Research Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals Beijing, 100088) | 1997 | International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials1997，11，2： | 10 |
| 18 | Biomass-derived porous carbon highly efficient for removal of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ)显示文摘The utilization of abundant and renewable biomass to fabricate advanced functional materials is considered a promising route for environmental applications.Herein,Lignin-based porous carbon with layered graphene-like structure(LPC)is successfully synthesized and applied to efficiently remove Pb(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ).The as-synthesized LPC materials are systematically characterized and these results show that LPC has a porous graphene-like structure,facilitating the diffusion and immobilization of heavy metal ions.The influence of different reaction parameters(solution pH,initial concentration of metal ions,contact time and adsorbent amount)on the adsorption performance is investigated in details.The results demonstrate that LPC can achieve superior adsorption capacities of 250.5 mg·g^-1 for Pb(Ⅱ)and 126.4 mg·g^-1 for Cd(Ⅱ),which are far superior to the previously reported adsorbents.Pseudo-second order kinetics model and Freundlich isotherm model describe the adsorption process well.Furthermore,the exhausted LPC can be regenerated easily and exhibits the removal efficiency of 96%and 92%for Pb(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)after five continuous runs,respectively.This study shows a sustainable strategy for the design of porous carbon material from na?ve biomass and highlights the great potential in wastewater treatment. | Anqi Wang Zhikeng Zheng Ruiqi Li Di Hu Yiran Lu Huixia Luo Kai Yan | 2019 | Green Energy & Environment2019，4，4： | 10 |
| 19 | A short review on natural gas hydrate, kinetic hydrate inhibitors and inhibitor synergists显示文摘Gas hydrate-caused pipeline plugging is an industrial nuisance for petroleum flow assurance that calls for technological innovations.Traditional thermodynamic inhibitors such as glycols and inorganic salts suffer from high dosing,environmental unfriendliness,corrosiveness,and economical burden.The development and use of kinetic hydrate inhibitors(KHIs),mostly polymeric compounds,with their inhibiting effects on hydrate nucleation and growth are considered an effective and economically viable chemical treatment for hydrate prevention.However,the actual performance of a KHI candidate is dependent on various factors including its chemical structure,molecular weight,spatial configuration,effective concentration,pressure and temperature,evaluation methods,use of other additives,etc.This review provides a short but systematic overview of the fundamentals of natural gas hydrates,the prevailing categories of polymeric kinetic hydrate inhibitors with proposed inhibition mechanisms,and the various synergists studied for boosting the KHI performance.Further research endeavors are in need to unveil the KHI working modes under different conditions.The conjunctive use of KHIs and synergists may facilitate the commercial application of effective KHIs to tackle the hydrate plugging problem in the oil and gas flow assurance practices. | Wei Ke Daoyi Chen | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2019，27，9： | 10 |
| 20 | Reaction kinetics modeling for lithium and cobalt recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries using acetic acid显示文摘Lithium and cobalt recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) is a major focus because of their increased production and usage. The conventional method for recycling spent LIBs using inorganic acids produces harmful byproducts. In this work, the leaching agent was substituted with a less expensive and more environmentally friendly alternative—acetic acid—and a mathematical model was developed to describe the kinetics of the recovery process. The variables used were the pH value, temperature, H_2O_2 concentration, and the solid-to-liquid(S/L) ratio. The mathematical model used was the shrinking core model, which was modified to accommodate an equilibrium reaction. The experimental results show that the rate of recovery of Li and Co over time was only affected by temperature. The leaching behaviors of Li and Co were found to oppose each other. An increase in temperature resulted in increased recovery of Li but decreased recovery of Co because of the product-favoring endothermic reaction of Li and the reactant-favoring exothermic reaction of Co. The product of Li has a lower entropy value than the reactant as a free-moving ion, whereas the product of Co leaching has a higher entropy value as a stiff crystal complex. Thus, temperature conditioning is a pivotal factor in the leaching of spent LIBs. | Hendrik Setiawan Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus Indra Perdana | 2019 | International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials2019，26，1： | 9 |
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