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| 1 | Role of mantle-derived magma in genesis of early Yanshanian granites in the Nanling Range, South China: in situ zircon Hf-O isotopic constraints显示文摘Although a number of petrographic observations and isotopic data suggest that magma mixing is common in genesis of many granite plutons, it is still controversial whether the mantle-derived magmas were involved in granites. We carried out in this study a systematic analysis of in situ zircon Hf-O isotopes for three early Yanshanian intrusions dated at ca. 160 Ma from the Nanling Range of Southeast China. The Qinghu monzonite has very homogeneous zircon Hf-O isotopic compositions, εHf(t) =11.6±0.3 and δ18O=5.4‰±0.3‰. In combination with whole-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic data, the parental magma of the Qinghu monzonite were likely derived from the partial melting of recently-metasomatized, phlogopite-bearing lithospheric mantle without appreciable crustal contamination. The Lisong and Fogang granites and the mafic microgranular enclaves (MME) within the Lisong granites have a wide range of zircon Hf-O isotopic compositions, with Hf and O isotopes being negatively correlated within each pluton. The Lisong MMEs were crystallized from a mantle-derived magma, similar to the parental magma of the Qinghu monzonite, with small amount of crustal assimilation. The Lisong and Fogang granites were formed by reworking of meta-sedimentary materials by mantle-derived magmas and mixing of the mantle-and sediment-derived melts to varying degrees. It is thus concluded that these two Yanshanian granites in the Nanling Range were formed associated with growth and differentiation of continental crust. | LI XianHua LI WuXian WANG XuanCe LI QiuLi LIU Yu TANG GuoQiang | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，9： | 101 |
| 2 | Postcollisional mantle-derived magmatism, underplating and implications for basement of the Junggar Basin显示文摘The late Paleozoic postcollisional granitoids, mafic-ultramafic complexes, and volcanic rocks are extensively distributed around the Junggar Basin; they are generally characterized by positive εNd(t) values, implying that the magmas were mantle-derived and contaminated with crustal materials to some extents. The emplacement of mantle-derived magmas and their differentiates in the upper crust is the expression of deep geological processes at shallow level, while much more mantle-derived magmas were underplated in the lower crust and the region near the crust-mantle boundary, being component part of basement of the Junggar Basin. The postcollisional mafic-ultramafic complexes would not be generated by re-melting of residual oceanic crust, which was considered as the basement of the Junggar Basin, unless very high degrees of partial melting occurred. Even if old continental crust had been present before collision, it would have been strongly modified by the mantle-derived magma underplating. This | 韩宝福 何国琦 王式洸 | 1999 | Science China Earth Sciences1999，42，2： | 77 |
| 3 | Subduction zone geochemistry显示文摘Crustal recycling at convergent plate boundaries is essential to mantle heterogeneity.However,crustal signatures in the mantle source of basaltic rocks above subduction zones were primarily incorporated in the form of liquid rather than solid phases.The physicochemical property of liquid phases is determined by the dehydration behavior of crustal rocks at the slab-mantle interface in subduction channels.Because of the significant fractionation in incompatible trace elements but the full inheritance in radiogenic isotopes relative to their crustal sources,the production of liquid phases is crucial to the geochemical transfer from the subducting crust into the mantle.In this process,the stability of specific minerals in subducting crustal rocks exerts a primary control on the enrichment of given trace elements in the liquid phases.For this reason,geochemically enriched oceanic basalts can be categorized into two types in terms of their trace element distribution patterns in the primitive mantle-normalized diagram.One is island arc basalts(IAB),showing enrichment in LILE,Pb and LREE but depletion in HFSE such as Nb and Ta relative to HREE,The other is ocean island basalts(OIB),exhibiting enrichment in LILE and LREE,enrichment or non-depletion in HFSE but depletion in Pb relative to HREE.In either types,these basalts show the enhanced enrichment of LILE and LREE with increasing their incompatibility relative to normal mid-ocean ridge basalts(MORB).The thermal regime of subduction zones can be categorized into two stages in both time and space,The first stage is characterized by compressional tectonism at low thermal gradients.As a consequence,metamorphic dehydration of the subducting crust prevails at forearc to subarc depths due to the breakdown of hydrous minerals such as mica and amphibole in the stability field of garnet and rutile,resulting in the liberation of aqueous solutions with the trace element composition that is considerably enriched in LILE,Pb and LREE but depleted in HFSE and HREE relative to normal MORB.This provides the crustal signature for the mantle sources of IAB.The second stage is indicated by extensional tectonism at high thermal gradients,leading to the partial melting of metamorphically dehydrated crustal rocks at subarc to postarc depths.This involves not only the breakdown of hydrous minerals such as amphibole,phengite and allanite in the stability field of garnet but also the dissolution of rutile into hydrous melts.As such,the hydrous melts can acquire the trace element composition that is significantly enriched in LILE,HFSE and LREE but depleted in Pb and HREE relative to normal MORB,providing the crustal signature for the mantle sources of OIB.In either case,these liquid phases would metasomatize the overlying mantle wedge peridotite at different depths,generating ultramafic metasomatites such as serpentinized and chloritized peridotites,and olivine-poor pyroxenites and hornblendites.As a consequence,the crustal signatures are transferred by the liquid phases from the subducting slab into the mantle. | Yong-Fei Zheng | 2019 | Geoscience Frontiers2019，10，4： | 47 |
| 4 | 太行山南段符山高镁闪长岩的成因——拆沉陆壳物质熔融的熔体与地幔橄榄岩反应的结果显示文摘本文对太行山南段符山高镁闪长岩进行了年代学与地球化学研究,结合其中地幔橄榄岩包体的研究,对符山高镁闪长岩的成因和中生代岩石圈地幔的性质进行了探讨。研究表明,符山闪长岩体是由一套含橄榄石角闪闪长岩-角闪闪长岩-闪长岩构成。含橄榄岩包体的寄主岩——角闪闪长岩中的锆石可划分为两种:一是代表寄主岩浆结晶的锆石:内部结构均匀、呈条带状吸收、自形-半自形晶形,具有较高的Th/U比值(1.10~4.08),其^(206)Pb/^(238)U年龄介于123~128Ma之间,12个点的加权平均值为125±1Ma,这表明岩体的形成时代为早白垩世;二是捕获或继承锆石:具有核边结构、吸收程度不均匀、呈浑圆状和自形-半自形两种,它们的Th/U比值介于0.32~2.03之间,构成了3组^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb加权平均年龄:2503±11Ma、2181±26Ma和1778±36Ma。该类岩石的SiO_2和MgO含量分别介于56.69%~59.21%和3.60%~6.33%之间;且以高Mg~#(0.51~0.64)、富Na(Na_2O/K_2O大于1)、高Cr(93.1×10^(-6)~420×10^(-6))、Ni(35.1×10^(-6)~137×10^(-6))为特征。该类岩石强烈富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素、明显亏损高场强元素,(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_i、ε_(Nd)(t)值和(^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb)_i分别变化于0.70581~0.70641、-8.30~-16.56和17.052~17.512之间。综合上述特征,同时结合地慢橄榄岩包体的特征和古元古代捕获锆石的大量存在,认为符山高镁闪长岩的原始岩浆起源于拆沉陆壳物质的部分熔融,其后经历了与地幔橄榄岩的反应过程。 | 许文良 杨德彬 裴福萍 于洋 | 2009 | 岩石学报2009，25，8： | 39 |
| 5 | Geochemistry of Two Types of Basalts in the Emeishan Basaltic Province: Evidence for Mantle Plume-Lithosphere Interaction显示文摘Based on the temporal-spatial distribution and geochemical characteristics, the Emeishan basalts can be divided into two types: high-P2O-TiO2 basalt (HPT) and low-P2O5-TiO2 basalt (LPT), which differ distinctly in geochemistry: the LPTs are characterized by relatively high abundances of MgO, total FeO and P2O5 and compatible elements (Cr, Ni, Sc), and relatively low contents of moderately compatible elements (V, Y, Yb, Co), LREE and other incompatible elements compared with the HPT. On the diagrams of trace element ratios, they are plotted on an approximately linear mixing line between depleted and enriched mantle sources, suggesting that these two types of basalts resulted from interactions of varying degrees between mantle plume and lithospheric mantle containing such volatile-rich minerals as amphibole and apatite. The source region of the LPT involves a smaller proportion of lithospheric components, while that of the HTP has a larger proportion of lithospheric components. Trachyte is generated by partial melting of the basic igneous rocks at the base of the lower continental crust. Both the two types of magmas underwent certain crystal fractionation and contamination of the lower crust at high-level magma chambers and en route to the surface. | ZHANG Zhaochong (张招崇) WANG Fusheng(王福生) | 2002 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2002，76，2： | 31 |
| 6 | Seismic anisotropy of upper mantle in eastern Tibetan Plateau and related crust-mantle coupling pattern显示文摘By using the polarization analysis of teleseismic SKS waveform data recorded at 116 seismic stations which respectively involved in China National Digital Seismograph Network, and Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu and Qinghai regional digital networks, and portable broadband seismic networks deployed in Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet, we obtained the SKS fast-wave direction and the delay time between fast and slow waves of each station by use of the stacking analysis method, and finally acquired the fine image of upper mantle anisotropy in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent regions. We analyzed the crust-mantle coupling deformation on the basis of combining the GPS observation results and the upper mantle anisotropy distribution in the study area. The Yunnan region out of the plateau has dif-ferent features of crust-mantle deformation from the inside plateau. There exists a lateral transitional zone of crust-mantle coupling in the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, which is located in the region between 26° and 27°N in the west of Sichuan and Yunnan. To the south of transitional zone, the fast-wave direction is gradually turned from S60°―70°E in southwestern Yunnan to near EW in south-eastern Yunnan. To the north of transitional zone in northwestern Yunnan and the south of western Sichuan, the fast-wave direction is nearly NS. From crust to upper mantle, the geophysical parameters (e.g. the crustal thickness, the Bouguer gravity anomaly, and tectonic stress direction) show the feature of lateral variation in the transitional zone, although the fault trend on the ground surface is inconsis-tent with the fast-wave direction. This transitional zone is close by the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, and it may play an important role in the plate boundary dynamics. | Paul SILVER Lucy FLESCH | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，8： | 33 |
| 7 | Major element,trace element,and Sr,Nd and Pb iso-tope studies of Cenozoic basalts from the South China Sea显示文摘The whole rock K-Ar ages of basalts from the South China Sea basin vary from 3.8 to 7.9 Ma, which suggest that intra-plate volcanism after the cessation of spreading of the South China Sea (SCS) is comparable to that in adjacent regions around the SCS, i.e., Leiqiong Peninsula, northern margin of the SCS, Indochina block, and so on. Based on detailed petrographic studies, we selected many fresh ba-saltic rocks and measured their major element, trace element, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope compositions. Geochemical characteristics of major element and trace element show that these basaltic rocks belong to alkali basalt magma series, and are similar to OIB-type basalt. The extent of partial melting of mantle rock in source region is very low, and magma may experience crystallization differentiation and cu-mulation during the ascent to or storing in the high-level magma chamber. Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data of these basaltic rocks imply an inhomogeneous mantle below the South China Sea. The nature of magma origin has a two end-member mixing model, one is EM2 (Enriched Mantle 2) which may be originated from mantle plume, the other is DMM (Depleted MORB Mantle). Pb isotopic characteristics show the Dupal anomaly in the South China Sea, and combined with newly found Dupal anomaly at Gakkel ridge in Arctic Ocean, this implies that Dupal anomaly is not only limited to South Hemisphere. In variation diagrams among Sr, Nd and Pb, the origin nature of mantle below the SCS is similar to those below Leiqiong peninsula, northern margin of the SCS and Indochina peninsula, and is different from those below north and northeast China. This study provides geochemical constraints on Hainan mantle plume. | YAN QuanShu SHI XueFa WANG KunShan BU WenRui XIAO Long | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，4： | 33 |
| 8 | 内蒙古克什克腾旗小东沟斑岩型钼矿床成岩成矿机制探讨显示文摘本文选取内蒙古克什克腾旗的小东沟斑岩型钼矿区作为研究区,它位于西拉沐伦钼矿带的西南部。对小东沟岩体进行了主微量元素、SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年等地球化学方面的研究;对岩体中的钾长石和含矿矿物辉钼矿进行了普通铅同位素分析。小东沟岩体具有高硅富钾、REE含量低、Zr含量高、无负铕异常、高ε_(Nd)(t)、低Sr_i等特点,指示岩浆起源于加厚新生下地壳的熔融,同时具有高温、快速熔融、快速析离逃离源区的特点;小东沟岩体的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果为142±2Ma,对应140Ma左右主应力场由南北向转为东西向的构造体制大转折时期,这个时期大兴安岭处于伸展的构造环境下,底侵作用发育,地幔物质可以添加到下地壳熔融形成的岩浆中;对岩体钾长石和辉钼矿进行的普通铅同位素分析显示前者具有从造山带-地幔过渡的特征,后者则显示有地幔特征,说明成岩、成矿物质来自两个不同的源区,下地壳的岩浆和地幔含矿流体发生了混合。通过以上的分析,结合水-岩浆物理反应的实验结果,本文提出小东沟斑岩型钼矿床的成矿模式:大兴安岭地区在早白垩世伸展的构造背景下,地幔含矿流体加入受底侵作用加热的下地壳中使之熔融形成岩浆,随后更多的地幔含矿流体进入岩浆房,促使其迅速析离逃逸出源区,二者一起上升侵位。在岩浆温度较高时,地幔含矿流体和岩浆大致以较稳定的液态不混溶的状态共存;当岩浆和流体侵位到较浅深度时,压力下降,温度降低,晶体增多,流体-岩浆体系变得不稳定,岩浆被流体分割成许多很小的岩浆团。流体中H^+、K^+和各种成矿元素的存在使之必然会和岩浆或冷却后形成的岩石发生蚀变反应,并晶出成矿矿物,形成现在我们看到的具有浸染状矿化现象的小东沟斑岩型钼矿床。 | 覃锋 刘建明 曾庆栋 罗照华 | 2009 | 岩石学报2009，25，12： | 29 |
| 9 | Origin of ore-forming fluids of the Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore deposit: Evidence from helium isotopes显示文摘The ore genesis model for the Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore deposit has long been in dispute, and the major debate focuses on whether the stratiform and massive orebodies formed during the Yanshanian magmatic-hydro-thermal event or they were products of Devonian syn-sedi-mentary exhalative-hydrothermal event. This note presents new helium isotope data from fluid inclusions of four pyrites and one fluorite. The pyrites were collected from the stratiform and massive orebodies in the deposit, and their 3He/4He ratios are significantly higher than 1, ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 Ra, which indicates a mantle component in the responsible hydrothermal fluids. It is suggested that the ore-forming fluids were a mixture of deep circulating seawater and a mantle-derived fluid, which are similar to many of those modern submarine hydrothermal fluids. In contrast, the fluorite, collected from a granite-related hydrothermal vein in the deposit, shows a low 3He/4He ratio of 0.7 Ra, which indicates no mantle component | Kuidong Zhao Shaoyong Jiang Hongquan Xiao Pei Ni | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，12： | 28 |
| 10 | Post-collisional lithosphere delamination of the Dabie-Sulu orogen显示文摘The consistence between the first rapid cooling time (226-219 Ma) of the untrahigh pressure metamorphic (UHPM) rocks in the Dabie Mountains and the formation time (205-220 Ma) of the syncollisional granites in the Qinling and Sulu areas suggests that the first rapid cooling and uplift of the UHPM rocks may be related to breakoff of subducted plate. Therefore the second rapid cooling and uplift (180-170 Ma) of the UHPM racks needs a post-colli-sional lithosphere delamination which resulted in the granitic magmatism with an age of about 170 Ma. In addition, the rapid rising of the Dabie dome in the early Cretaceous (130-110 Ma) and the corresponding large-scale magmatism in the Dabie Mountains need another litho-sphere delamination. The geochronology of the post-collis-ional mafic-ultramafic intrusions and geological relationship between the mafic-ultramafic intrusions and granites suggest that partial melting was initiated in the mantle, and then progressively developed in the crust, suggesting a mantle | Shuguang Li Fang Huang Hui Li | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，3： | 22 |
| 11 | Seismic anisotropy of upper mantle in eastern China显示文摘Based on the polarization analysis of teleseismic SKS waveform data recorded at 65 seismic stations which respectively involved in the permanent and temporary broadband seismograph networks deployed in eastern China, the SKS fast-wave direction and the delay time between the fast and slow shear waves at each station were determined by use of SC method and the stacking analysis method, and then the image of upper mantle anisotropy in eastern China was acquired. In the study region, from south to north, the fast-wave polarization directions are basically EW in South China, gradually clockwise rotate to NWW-SEE in North China, then to NW-SE in Northeast China. The delay time falls into the interval [0.41 s, 1.52 s]. Anisotropic characteristics in eastern China indicate that the upper mantle anisotropy is possibly caused by both the collision between the Indian and Eurasian Plates and the subduction from the Pacific and Philippine Sea Plates to the Eurasian Plate. The collision between two plates made the crust of western China thickening and uplifting and the material eastwards extruding, and then caused the upper mantle flow eastwards and southeastwards. The subduction of Pacific Plate and Philippine Sea Plate has resulted in the lithosphere and the asthenosphere deformation in eastern China, and made the alignment of upper mantle peridotite lattice parallel to the deformation direction. The fast-wave polarization direction is consistent with the direction of lithosphere extension and the GPS velocity direction, implying that the crust-upper mantle deformation is possibly a vertically coherent deformation. | CHANG LiJun WANG ChunYong Ding ZhiFeng | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，6： | 21 |
| 12 | Process of Rifting and Collision along Plate Margins of the Qinling Orogenic Belt and Its Geodynamics显示文摘The Qinling erogenic belt underwent complicated processes of rifting and collision, as shown by the coexistence of (1) ocean extension and plate margin rifting and (2) subduction of the frontal oceanic crust and extension of the rear plate margin. These resulted in a basin-mountain framework characterized by the coexistence of plates separated by the ocean basin and continental blocks demarcated by the rifting sea trough in the marginal region and the coexistence of subduction orogeny and ocean extension. Generally speaking, the plate marginal area between the North China plate and Yangtze plate continually rifted from north to south and the rifted micro-plates continually accreted northwards. This especial orogenic process was probably controlled by two events of deep mantle geody-namic adjustment and mantle plume activities, which occurred in the Shangdan suture belt and Mianlue suture belt from north to south respectively. | LIU Shaofeng ZHANG Guowei | 1999 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)1999，73，3： | 20 |
| 13 | Characteristics of mantle degassing and deep-seated geological structures in different typical fault zones of China显示文摘In this paper a comprehensive tracing study is conducted on mantle degassing and deep-seated geological structures in different types of fault zones in the continent of China based on the helium isotope data, coupled with some indices such as CO2/3He, CH4/3He and 40Ar/36Ar, and geological tectonics data. There are four representative types of fault zones: (1) Lithospheric fault zones in the extensional tectonic environment are characterized by a small Earth’s crust thickness, a lower CH4/3He-high R and lower CO2/3He-high R system, the strongest mantle de- gassing, and the dominance of mantle fluid, as is represented by the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone. (2) The lithospheric fault zones or the subduction zone in the strongly compresso-tectonic envi- ronment, for instance, the Bangonghu-Nujiang fault zone, are characterized by a huge thick Earth’s crust, with the R/Ra values within the range of 0.43―1.13, and weak mantle degassing with mantle-source helium accounting for 5%―14% of the total. (3) The deep-seated fault zones at the basinal margins of an orogenic belt are characterized by R values being on order of mag- nitude of 10?7, and the CH4/3He values, 109―1010, CO2/3He values, 106―108; as well as much weak mantle degassing. (4) The crustal fault zones in the orogenic belt, such as the Yaojie fault zone (F19), possess a high CH4/3He-low R (10?8) and high CO2/3He-low R system, with no obvi- ous sign of mantle degassing. Studies have shown that the deep-seated huge fault zones are the major channel ways for mantle degassing, the main factors controlling the intensity of mantle degassing are fault depth, tectonic environment and crust thickness; the intensity of mantle de- gassing can reflect the depth and the status of deep-seated tectonic environment of fault, while the geochemical tracing studies of gases can open up a new research approach; upwelling ac- tivity of hydrothermal fluids from the deep interior of the Earth may be one of the driving forces for the formation and evolution of the huge deep fault zones. Piedmont fault zones are the locations where deep-seated tectonic activity and crust/mantle structure are transformed, which are of great significance in understanding the mechanisms of formation of orogenic belts and basins. | TAO Mingxin1,2, XU Yongchang1, SHI Baoguang1, JIANG Zhongti3, SHEN Ping1, LI Xiaobin1 & SUN Mingliang1 1. Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 3. The Practical Geologic Data Center, State Land Resource Department, Sanhe 065201, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，7： | 20 |
| 14 | 雷琼地区晚新生代玄武岩地球化学:EM2成分来源及大陆岩石圈地幔的贡献显示文摘对雷琼地区21个晚新生代玄武岩样品的主量、微量元素和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素分别用湿化学法、ICP-MS和MC-ICPMS进行了测定。这些玄武岩主要为石英拉斑玄武岩,其次为橄榄拉斑玄武岩和碱性玄武岩。大多数样品的微量元素和同位素成分与洋岛玄武岩(OIBs)相似,而且随着SiO_2不饱和度增加,不相容元素含量也增加。除R4-1可能受到地壳混染外,其他样品相对均一的Nd同位素(ε_(Nd)=2.5~6.0)以及变化明显但范围有限的Sr同位素(0.703106~0.704481),可能继承了地幔源区的特征。^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr与^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb的正相关和^(143)Nd/^(144)Nd与^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb的负相关特征暗示DM(软流圈地幔)与EM2(岩石圈地幔)的混合。地幔捕虏体的同位素特征暗示EM2成分不可能存在于尖晶石橄榄岩地幔,而La/Yb和Sm/Yb系统表明岩浆由石榴石橄榄岩部分熔融产生,这意味着EM2成分可能存在于石榴石橄榄岩地幔。雷琼地区玄武岩的地球化学变化可以用软流圈地幔为主的熔体加入不同比例石榴石橄榄岩地幔不同程度熔融产生的熔体来解释:碱性玄武岩和橄榄拉斑玄武岩是软流圈熔体与石榴石橄榄岩地幔较低程度(7%~9%)熔融体混合,而石英拉斑玄武岩是软流圈熔体与石榴石橄榄岩地幔较高程度(10%~20%)熔融体的混合。 | 韩江伟 熊小林 朱照宇 | 2009 | 岩石学报2009，25，12： | 20 |
| 15 | Alkali-rich porphyry and its relation with intraplate deformation of north part of Jinsha River belt in western Yunnan, China显示文摘A suite of alkali rich porphyry with 26.5\37.6Ma occur along the Jinsha River suture zone in west Yunnan. They are characterized by LREE rich distribution patterns and no Eu anomaly. These porphyries have formed in post collisional environment; ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) i of porphyries, amphibolite xenolithes and associated basalts are 0.707 3, 0.706 5\0.707 1 and 0.705 8\0.706 5, ε Nd ( T ) are -3.4\-6.3, -2.1\-7.4 and -3.3 respectively. Pb isotope compositions of these rocks also show a little difference. The evidence shows that the porphyry could be derived from partial melting of the 'crust mantle mixed layer'. The relation between Cenozoic magmatism and intraplate deformation since Paleogene has been discussed. | 邓万明 黄萱 钟大赉 | 1998 | Science China Earth Sciences1998，41，3： | 19 |
| 16 | A planet in transition:The onset of plate tectonics on Earth between 3 and 2 Ga?显示文摘Many geological and geochemical changes are recorded on Earth between 3 and 2 Ga.Among the more important of these are the following:(1)increasing proportion of basalts with'arc-like'mantle sources;(2)an increasing abundance of basalts derived from enriched(EM)and depleted(DM)mantle sources;(3)onset of a Great Thermal Divergence in the mantle;(4)a decrease in degree of melting of the mantle;(5)beginning of large lateral plate motions;(6)appearance of eclogite inclusions in diamonds;(7)appearance and rapid increase in frequency of collisional orogens;(8)rapid increase in the production rate of continental crust as recorded by zircon age peaks;(9)appearance of ophiolites in the geologic record,and(10)appearance of global LIP(large igneous province)events some of which correlate with global zircon age peaks.All of these changes may be tied directly or indirectly to cooling of Earth's mantle and corresponding changes in convective style and the strength of the lithosphere,and they may record the gradual onset and propagation of plate tectonics around the planet.To further understand the changes that occurred between 3 and 2 Ga,it is necessary to compare rocks,rock associations,tectonics and geochemistry during and between zircon age peaks.Geochemistry of peak and inter-peak basalts and TTGs needs to be evaluated in terms of geodynamic models that predict the existence of an episodic thermal regime between stagnant-lid and plate tectonic regimes in early planetary evolution. | Kent C.Condie | 2018 | Geoscience Frontiers2018，9，1： | 18 |
| 17 | 华北克拉通晚中生代壳-幔拆离作用:岩石流变学约束显示文摘大陆岩石圈的流变学结构对于岩石圈深部过程(壳/幔过程)有着深刻的影响,直接表现在岩石圈壳-幔结构与浅部构造上。本文注意到华北克拉通晚中生代岩石圈减薄期间地壳的伸展、拆离与减薄在不同地区的宏观、微观构造及地壳岩石流变学等方面的差异表现与区域变化,以及现今和晚中生代时期岩石圈厚度的不均匀性。讨论了以水为主体的地质流体的存在对于岩石圈流变性的影响。综合克拉通东部与西部地壳/地幔厚度变化特点以及下地壳和上地幔含水性特点,阐述了晚中生代时期华北克拉通岩石圈内部壳幔耦合与解耦的规律,提出了华北岩石圈壳-幔拆离作用模型以解释华北克拉通晚中生代岩石圈减薄的基本现象与深部过程。提出区域性伸展作用是岩石圈减薄的主要动力学因素,东部地区在晚中生代伸展作用过程中壳-幔具有典型的解耦性,上部地壳、下部地壳和岩石圈地幔的变形具有显著差异性。而西部区壳幔总体具有耦合性,下地壳与岩石圈地幔共同构成流变学强度很高且难以变形的岩石圈根。 | 刘俊来 纪沫 夏浩然 刘正宏 周永胜 余心起 张宏远 程素华 | 2009 | 岩石学报2009，25，8： | 18 |
| 18 | Tectonic and geochemical characteristics and reserved conditions of a mantle source gas accumulation zone in eastern China显示文摘Along both sides of the Tancheng-Lujiang Fracture Zone in eastern China, a series of mantle source gas pools constitute a massive-scale tectonic accumulation zone in NNE direction, with the mantle geochemical characteristics of high concentrations of CO2 and He, high 3He/4He-40Ar/36Ar ratio system and high δ13Coo2 ratios (the mainfrequency, -3.4‰-4.6‰), showing no difference from the tectonic framework of the area. In the area, thetectonic environment is a rift formed as a result of diapiric mantle injection and crust thinning to form graben-type basins and lithospheric fractures. The mantle-derived volcanic rocks and inclusions are well-developed and a high geothermal zone (mantlesource) exists in the area. The characteristics of the three components (solid, liquid and gas) of mantle, concentrated all over the same tectonic space zone, show that the rift system is of a good tectonic environment or passage for mantle degassing and gas migration. The main types of the gas pools are volcano, | 陶明信 徐永昌 沈平 刘文汇 | 1997 | Science China Earth Sciences1997，40，1： | 18 |
| 19 | Shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle underneath the Tianshan orogenic belt显示文摘From April, 2003 to September, 2004, a passive broadband seismic array consisting of 60 stations was deployed over the Tianshan orogenic belt by State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration. Among them, 51 stations make up an about 500-km-long profile across the Tianshan Mountains from Kuytun to Kuqa. The receiver function profile and S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle down to 100 km deep are obtained by using the re-ceiver function method (Liu et al. 1996, 2000). The main results can be summarized as follows: (1) A clear mountain root does not exist beneath the Tianshan Mountains, and the crust-mantle boundaries underneath the stations mostly have transitional structures. This implies that the material differentia-tion between the crust and mantle is not yet accomplished and the orogenic process is still going on. (2) The crust beneath the Tianshan Mountains has laterally blocked structures in direction perpendicular to the mountain strike, and the crust-mantle boundary has a clear dislocation structure. Both of them correspond to each other. (3) The offsets of the Moho discontinuity are highly correlated to the tectonic borders on the surface and that corresponding to the frontal southern Tianshan fault reaches to 14 km. This manifests that large vertical divergent movement took place between different blocks. This sup-ports the discontinuous model of the Tianshan orogeny, and the Tarim block subduction is restricted only to the southern side of the South Tianshan. (4) Inside the upper and middle crust of the Tianshan Mountains exist several low-velocity bodies correlated with high seismicity located on the moun-tain-basin jointures on both sides of the mountain and between different blocks, and the low-velocity bodies on the mountain-basin jointures are inclined obviously to the mountain. This implies that the low-velocity bodies may be correlated closely to the thrust and subduction of the basins on both sides of the mountain, the splicing of adjacent blocks and the fast uplift of the Tianshan Mountains. | LI Yu LIU QiYuan CHEN JiuHui LI ShunCheng GUO Biao LAI YuanGen | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，3： | 16 |
| 20 | Seismic anisotropy of upper mantle in Sichuan and adjacent regions显示文摘Based on the polarization analysis of teleseismic SKS waveform data recorded at 94 broadband seis-mic stations in Sichuan and adjacent regions, the SKS fast-wave direction and the delay time between the fast and slow shear waves were determined at each station using the grid searching method of minimum transverse energy and the stacking analysis method, and the image of upper mantle anisot-ropy was acquired. The fast-wave polarization directions are mainly NW-SE in the study area, NWW-SEE to its northeast and NS to its west. The delay time falls into the interval [0.47 s, 1.68 s]. The spatial variation of the fast-wave directions is similar to the variation of GPS velocity directions. The anisotropic image indicates that the regional tectonic stress field has resulted in deformation and flow of upper mantle material, and made the alignment of upper mantle peridotite lattice parallel to the di-rection of material deformation. The crust-upper mantle deformation in Sichuan and adjacent regions accords with the mode of vertically coherent deformation. In the eastern Tibetan Plateau, the crustal material was extruded to east or southeast due to SE traction force of the upper mantle material. The extrusion might be obstructed by a rigid block under the Sichuan Basin and the crust has been de-formed. After a long-term accumulation of tectonic strain energy, the accumulative energy suddenly released in Yingxiu town of the Longmenshan region, and Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake occurred. | CHANG LiJun WANG ChunYong DING ZhiFeng | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，12： | 16 |
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