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| 1 | 植物多肽信号分子RALF的研究进展显示文摘多肽信号分子调控生物体的生长发育过程,在动物、细菌、真菌中广泛存在,而植物多肽成分的信号分子直到1991年才首次报道,但随后即从植物中陆续分离出多种多肽类生长调节因子。快速碱化因子(rap id alkalin ization factor,RALF)就是其中的一种,它广泛存在于植物中。被证明在植物多个器官的不同发育时期都表达,具有使植物组织生长的培养基碱化、抑制根生长等多种作用。现对RALF同源基因的特征以及表达情况、RALF多肽的结构及生理功能等进行介绍,为RALF的进一步研究提供参考。 | 李焰焰 曹家树 黄鹂 | 2006 | 生物学杂志2006，23，5： | 6 |
| 2 | 巴西橡胶树RALF基因家族的鉴定及其表达分析显示文摘快速碱化因子(rapid alkalinization factors, RALFs)是一种植物多肽类激素,参与胞内MAPK信号传递、细胞伸长调控、花器官发育及免疫应答等植物重要生理过程。本研究利用生物信息学方法对橡胶树RALF基因家族进行全基因组鉴定,对其序列特性、基因结构、保守基序、系统进化及表达特性进行系统研究。通过同源比对在橡胶树基因组中共鉴定到16个RALF基因,分别命名为HbRALF1~HbRALF16。序列分析结果表明,这些基因编码氨基酸数目介于108~149 aa之间,分子量和等电点分别介于11.92~16.88 kD和5.41~9.33。多序列比对结果表明,HbRALFs含有S1P蛋白酶识别位点、受体蛋白识别位点YISY保守序列和四个保守半胱氨酸。基于转录组数据的组织和乙烯刺激表达特性分析显示,16个橡胶树RALF基因至少在一个组织中表达,8个胶乳中高表达的RALF还参与乙烯刺激响应。本研究为进一步研究RALF基因家族在橡胶树关键农艺性状调控中的作用提供参考依据。 | 杨洪 王立丰 代龙军 赵溪竹 | 2021 | 分子植物育种2021，19，19： | 3 |
| 3 | Nematode-Encoded RALF Peptide Mimics Facilitate Parasitism of Plants through the FERONIA Receptor Kinase显示文摘The molecular mechanism by which plants defend against plant root-knot nematodes(RKNs)is largely unknown.The plant receptor kinase FERONIA and its peptide ligands,rapid alkalinization factors(RALFs),regulate plant immune responses and cell expansion,which are two important factors for successful RKN parasitism.In this study,we found that mutation of FERONIA in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in plants showing low susceptibility to the RKN Meloidogyne incognita.To identify the underlying mechanisms associated with this phenomenon,we identified 18 novel RALF-likes from multiple species of RKNs and showed that two RALF-likes(i.e.,MiRALF1 and MiRALF3)from M.incognita were expressed in the esophageal gland with high expression during the parasitic stages of nematode development.These nematode RALF-likes also possess the typical activities of plant RALFs and can directly bind to the extracellular domain of FERONIA to modulate specific steps of nematode parasitism-related immune responses and cell expansion.Genetically,both MiRALF1/3 and FERONIA are required for RKN parasitism in Arabidopsis and rice.Collectively,our study suggests that nematode-encoded RALFs facilitate parasitism via plant-encoded FERONIA and provides a novel paradigm for studying host-pathogen interactions. | Xin Zhang Huan Peng Sirui Zhu Junjie Xing Xin Li Zhaozhong Zhu Jingyuan Zheng Long Wang Bingqian Wang Jia Chen Zhenhua Ming Ke Yao Jinzhuo Jian Sheng Luan Devin Coleman-Derr Hongdong Liao Yousong Peng Deliang Peng Feng Yu | 2020 | Molecular Plant2020，13，10： | 3 |
| 4 | The LRXs-RALFs-FER module controls plant growth and salt stress responses by modulating multiple plant hormones显示文摘Salt stress is a major environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity.We recently discovered an important new salt tolerance pathway,where the cell wall leucine-rich repeat extensins LRX3/4/5,the RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR(RALF)peptides RALF22/23 and receptor-like kinase FERONIA(FER)function as a module to simultaneously regulate plant growth and salt stress tolerance.However,the intracellular signaling pathways that are regulated by the extracellular LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module to coordinate growth,cell wall integrity and salt stress responses are still unknown.Here,we report that the LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module negatively regulates the levels of jasmonic acid(JA),salicylic acid(SA)and abscisic acid(ABA).Blocking JA pathway rescues the dwarf phenotype of the lrx345 and fer-4mutants,while disruption of ABA biosynthesis suppresses the salt-hypersensitivity of these mutants.Many salt stress-responsive genes display abnormal expression patterns in the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants,as well as in the wild type plants treated with epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG),an inhibitor of pectin methylesterases,suggesting cell wall integrity as a critical factor that determines the expression pattern of stress-responsive genes.Production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)is constitutively increased in the lrx345 and fer-4mutants,and inhibition of ROS accumulation suppresses the salt-hypersensitivity of these mutants.Together,our work provides strong evidence that the LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module controls plant growth and salt stress responses by regulating hormonal homeostasis and ROS accumulation. | Chunzhao Zhao Wei Jiang Omar Zayed Xin Liu Kai Tang Wenfeng Nie Yali Li Shaojun Xie Yuan Li Tiandan Long Linlin Liu Yingfang Zhu Yang Zhao Jian-Kang Zhu | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，1： | 3 |
| 5 | 快速碱化因子类基因在茄科植物中的研究进展显示文摘植物在调控生长发育、响应外界胁迫时,细胞内外的pH变化是及时、重要的反应之一。快速碱化因子类基因(RALF)属于植物多肽类信号分子,是一类大的家族基因,它的活动引起胞外pH值快速升高,有关RALF类基因的研究在几种茄科植物中开展的较多,包括RALF蛋白信号分子的结构及加工、基因表达、受体研究以及功能等方面。最近我们在白菜和紫菜薹中的研究发现有一些RALF类基因与植物的育性有关,本文就茄科植物中的这些研究进展进行介绍,为RALF的进一步研究提供参考。 | 李焰焰 聂传朋 | 2009 | 云南植物研究2009，31，2： | 3 |
| 6 | 植物类LORELEI糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚定蛋白研究进展显示文摘类LORELEI糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚定蛋白(LLG)定位于细胞质膜外表面,作为CrRLK1L家族类受体激酶的分子伴侣,参与其转运和胞外信号转导,从而调控植物生殖发育以及免疫与逆境应答等过程。LLG2/3与ANX和BUPS互作,调控花粉管顶端生长与爆裂。LLG1与FER(FERONIA)互作,调控下游的NADPH氧化酶产生活性氧(ROS),促进根部细胞伸长和根毛生长。此外,LLG1作为FER的共受体,与快速碱化因子(RALFs)互作,调节G蛋白β亚基(AGB1)和质膜H+-ATPase功能、胞内ROS稳态以及Ca2+瞬变,引起根部和气孔的盐应答反应。LLG1与FLS2和EFR互作激活下游RbohD,调节ROS产生,调控植物免疫应答。该文综述了植物LLG的相关研究进展,可为深入理解LLG的生物学功能提供重要信息。 | 李思佳 张咏雪 贾明生 李莹 戴绍军 | 2020 | 植物学报2020，55，5： | 1 |
| 7 | RALF signaling pathway activates MLO calcium channels to maintain pollen tube integrity显示文摘Pollen tube tip growth requires intricate Ca^(2+)signaling.Recent studies have also identified rapid alkalization factor(RALF)-family peptides and their receptors as critical components for pollen tube tip growth and integrity.The functional relationship of RALF and calcium signaling modules remains largely unclear.Here we report that disruption of RALF signaling pathway abolished the cytosolic Ca^(2+)gradient in the pollen tube,indicating that Ca^(2+)signaling is downstream of the RALF signaling pathway.We identified MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O(MLO)family proteins MLO1,5,9,15,as Ca^(2+)channels required for Ca^(2+)influx and pollen tube integrity.We further reconstituted the biochemical pathway in which signaling via RALF and RALF receptors activated MLO1/5/9/15 calcium channels.Together,we conclude that RALF peptides derived from pollen tube bind to their receptors to establish pollen tube Ca^(2+)gradient through activation of the MLO channels.Our finding has thus provided a mechanistic link between the RALF signaling pathway and Casignaling in controlling pollen tube integrity and growth.^(2+) | Qifei Gao Chao Wang Yasheng Xi Qiaolin Shao Congcong Hou Legong Li Sheng Luan | 2023 | Cell Research2023，33，1： | 1 |
| 8 | 蛇毒纤溶酶Alfimeprase在毕赤酵母中的优化表达及活性鉴定显示文摘alfimeprase(ALF)是蛇毒纤溶酶fibrolase的N端突变体,有纤溶活性而无出血活性。通过双酶切从克隆载体上获取目的基因alf,将其克隆至毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPICZαA,经高效电转化、Zeocin筛选鉴定及培养条件pH、每天甲醇流加终浓度、菌体生长密度和甲醇诱导时间的优化,获得了重组ALF(rALF)高表达菌株pPICZαA-alf/GS115,且在优化条件下rALF的最高产量达425mg/L。通过His.bind柱纯化后,rALF纯度高达95%。SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析表明rALF的分子量约为24kDa,且能与一抗特异结合。纤维蛋白平板法纤溶活性鉴定结果说明rALF获得了高活性分泌表达,即确立了一种优化表达体系,为ALF的深入研究和工业化生产应用奠定了重要基础。 | 史婧 张守涛 齐亚飞 郭蔼光 | 2007 | 中国生物工程杂志2007，27，5： | 1 |
| 9 | 植物多肽激素显示文摘近几年研究表明,植物体内存在类似动物和酵母的多肽信号分子,调控植物生长发育以及调节植物对环境的响应。本文介绍了植物中的系统素、RALF、ENOD40、PSK、SCR、SLV3的特点和功能研究进展。 | 彭丽桃 蒋跃明 杨书珍 | 2002 | 生命的化学2002，22，3： | 0 |
| 10 | 十字花科多肽激素类基因RALF的同源基因克隆及进化分析显示文摘多肽激素类基因是对植物生长发育起重要作用的一类基因,RALF是其中的重要一员,而十字花科在中国蔬菜作物中是重要的一大类群。为了摸清十字花科多种蔬菜作物的RALF同源基因信息,该文根据前期研究从油菜中扩增到的多肽激素类基因RALFbn的序列设计引物,从提取的十字花科芸薹属、萝卜属、蔊菜属、山芥属的7份重要蔬菜作物的基因组DNA中分别克隆到了RALF的同源序列。结果表明:7种蔬菜作物的RALF同源基因编码区均在300 bp左右,且无内含子,编码的蛋白质由79个氨基酸组成,说明RALF在十字花科4个属内的保守性较强;对RALF同源基因在十字花科4个属中的表达分析表明,该类基因在根、茎、叶、花序轴等营养器官中不表达或弱表达,但主要在生殖器官中表达,其中在总花蕾和开放花中的表达量普遍高于嫩角果中的表达量,表明该类基因在十字花科中的生理活跃期是花发育时期。同时,构建了十字花科4个属中RALF同源基因的系统树,芸薹属的油菜、甘蓝和芥蓝形成一个分支,而茎瘤芥和分蘖芥形成另外一个分支,且与萝卜属、山芥属、蔊菜属的材料聚在一支,该基因的进化途径在一定程度上也反映出这几种作物的遗传背景关系。该研究结果丰富了RALF家族信息,增添了十字花科植物的分子进化数据。 | 聂传朋 李尚擘 刘瑞姣 李焰焰 | 2015 | 广西植物2015，35，2： | 0 |
| 11 | 成就德国技术与中国市场的完美结合——访山东荷德鲁美特表计有限公司总经理 Ralf Krutzsch先生显示文摘自2003年7月《关于城镇供热体制改革试点工作的指导意见》出台后,户用热量表进入中国数以千万计平民百姓家庭就成为大势所趋。一旦国家供热价格标准出台,热计量仪表产业将出现雪崩式增长,成为一个产值几百亿元的新兴产业,并且它的持续发展期将在10年以上。据资料显示,目前中国市场上生产热计量用具的厂家有200多家,分布在16个省市,近几年投入社会的产品大约10万台左右,还远远不能满足社会的需求。目前,热计量仪表市场处于一个平稳调整期。厂商如何看待这一时期的市场特点,并在产品、技术、市场方面有哪些独到见解?近期《供热制冷》与山东荷德鲁美特表计有限公司总经理Ralf Krutzsch先生进行了探讨。 | 何远嘉 | 2007 | 供热制冷2007，0，6X： | 0 |
| 12 | PbrRALF2-elicited reactive oxygen species signaling is mediated by the PbrCrRLK1L13-PbrMPK18 module in pear pollen tubes显示文摘Rapid alkalinization factors(RALFs)are cysteine-rich peptides that play important roles in a variety of biological processes,such as cell elongation and immune signaling.Recent studies in Arabidopsis have shown that RALFs regulate pollen tube growth via plasma membrane receptor-like kinases(RLKs).However,the downstream signal transduction mechanisms of RLKs in pollen tubes are unknown.Here,we identified PbrRALF2,a pear(Pyrus bretschneideri)pollen RALF peptide that inhibits pollen tube growth.We found that PbrRALF2 interacts with a malectin-like domain-containing RLK,PbrCrRLK1L13.The relative affinity between PbrRALF2 and PbrCrRLK1L13 was at the submicromolar level,which is consistent with the values of ligand–receptor kinase pairs and the physiological concentration for PbrRALF2-mediated inhibition of pollen tube growth.After binding to its extracellular domain,PbrRALF2 activated the phosphorylation of PbrCrRLK1L13 in a dose-dependent manner.We further showed that the MAP kinase PbrMPK18 is a downstream target of PbrCrRLK1L13 that mediates PbrRALF2-elicited reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.The excessive accumulation of ROS inhibits pollen tube growth.We show that MPK acts as a mediator for CrRLK1L to stimulate ROS production,which might represent a general mechanism by which RALF and CrRLK1L function in signaling pathways. | Xiaobing Kou Jiangmei Sun Peng Wang Danqi Wang Peng Cao Jing Lin Youhong Chang Shaoling Zhang Juyou Wu | 2021 | Horticulture Research2021，8，1： | 0 |
| 13 | 应时之变 大展雄风 访伍尔特中国装配技术、汽车和建筑部总经理Ralf Kircher显示文摘以前瞻性目光看待中国市场的伍尔特集团于25年前迈入中国,就此开启深耕本土市场的旅程。近期,伍尔特中国25周年庆典暨家庭日活动在伍尔特集团大中华区供应链中心二期开启。过去的25年,恰恰是中国经济腾飞之时,伍尔特集团不仅亲历这一过程,也享受到中国市场迅速发展所带来的巨大机遇。在变化万千的世界中,伍尔特集团能做到主动、快速适应市场,并积极推动多渠道销售模式,通过线上、线下联动营销来满足客户所需。 | 陈琦 | 2019 | 汽车与配件2019，0，14： | 0 |
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