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| 1 | RNA-directed DNA methylation and demethylation in plants显示文摘RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a nuclear process in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) direct the cytosine methylation of DNA sequences that are complementary to the siRNAs. In plants, double stranded-RNAs (dsRNAs) generated by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2 (RDR2) serve as precursors for Dicer-like 3 dependent biogenesis of 24-nt siRNAs. Plant specific RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV) is presumed to generate the initial RNA transcripts that are substrates for RDR2. siRNAs are loaded onto an argonaute4-containing RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) that targets the de novo DNA methyltransferase DRM2 to RdDM target loci. Nascent RNA transcripts from the target loci are generated by another plant-specific RNA polymerase, Pol V, and these transcripts help recruit com- plementary siRNAs and the associated RdDM effector complex to the target loci in a transcrip- tion-coupled DNA methylation process. Small RNA binding proteins such as ROS3 may direct tar- get-specific DNA demethylation by the ROS1 family of DNA demethylases. Chromatin remodeling en- zymes and histone modifying enzymes also participate in DNA methylation and possibly demethylation. One of the well studied functions of RdDM is transposon silencing and genome stability. In addition, RdDM is important for paramutation, imprinting, gene regulation, and plant development. Lo- cus-specific DNA methylation and demethylation, and transposon activation under abiotic stresses suggest that RdDM is also important in stress responses of plants. Further studies will help illuminate the functions of RdDM in the dynamic control of epigenomes during development and environmental stress responses. | CHINNUSAMY Viswanathan | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，4： | 22 |
| 2 | Long non-coding RNAs in cancer显示文摘Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNA transcripts that exceed 200 nt in length, yet lack significant open reading frames (ORFs) [1–4]. In contrast | GONG ZhaoJian ZHANG ShanShan ZHANG WenLing HUANG HongBin LI Qiao DENG Hao MA Jian ZHOU Ming XIANG Juan Juan WU MingHua LI XiaYu XIONG Wei LI XiaoLing LI Yong ZENG ZhaoYang LI GuiYuan | 2012 | Science China(Life Sciences)2012，55，12： | 22 |
| 3 | CTLA4 Silencing with siRNA Promotes Deviation of Th1/Th2 in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients显示文摘To determine whether RNA interference (RNAi) could block cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) in human lymphocytes in vitro and promote IFN-γ and IL-2 secretions, three small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were selected based on target specificity sequences of human CTLA4 and transfected into human lymphocytes of chronic HBV patients. As a result, the expression of human CTLA4 mRNA was efficiently suppressed by all the three siRNAs. Compared with negative control (siRNA-co), siRNA-1 inhibited the expression of CTLA4 most efficiently and was used in the further study. The expressions of IFN-γ and IL-2 were upregulated and the level of IL-4 was almost unchanged in lymphocytes transfected with siRNA-1 compared with the blank control. These results indicated that siRNA-1 led to IFN-γ and IL-2 secretions, which is a main response of Th1/Th2. In a conclusion, RNAi significantly suppressed the expression of human CTLA4 mRNA in human lymphocytes in vitro, and could induce Th1/Th2 response. It could be a new therapeutic strategy for chronic HBV infection. | Yongsheng Yu Hao Wu Zhenghao Tang Guoqing Zang | 2009 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2009，6，2： | 14 |
| 4 | Inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 expression by siRNA in rat hepatic stellate cells显示文摘AIM:To explore the role of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein during liver fibrogenesis and investigate the functional effects of HMGB1 gene silencing in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) using siRNA.METHODS:Hepatic fibrosis in rats was induced through serial subcutaneous injections of dimethylnitrosamine,and expression of HMGB1 was detected by immunohistochemistry.HMGB1 siRNAs were developed and transiently transfected into HSC-T6 cells using Lipofectamine 2000.HMGB1 expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting analysis.Expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen typesⅠand Ⅲ was evaluated by real-time PCR.Cell proliferation and the cell cycle were determined using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium method.Finally,collagen content in HSC supernatant was evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS:The results showed that HMGB1 was upregulated during liver fibrosis and that its expression was closely correlated with the deposition of collagen.siRNA molecules were successfully transfected into HSCs and induced inhibition of HMGB1 expression in a time-dependent manner.Moreover,HMGB1 siRNA treatment inhibited synthesis of α-SMA and collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ in transfected HSCs.CONCLUSION:This study suggests a significant functional role for HMGB1 in the development of liver fibrosis.It also demonstrates that downregulation of HMGB1 expression might be a potential strategy to treat liver fibrosis. | Wen-Song Ge Jian-Xin Wu Jian-Gao Fan Ying-Wei Chen Yao-Jun Wang | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，36： | 14 |
| 5 | Small RNA Profiling Reveals Phosphorus Deficiency as a Contributing Factor in Symptom Expression for Citrus Huanglongbing Disease显示文摘Huanglongbing (HLB ) 是与类 Candidatus Liberibacter 的细菌被联系的破坏柠檬疾病(Ca。L.) 。强大的诊断工具和管理策略被需要控制 HLB。小 RNA (sRNA ) 玩的主人在调整主人回答到病原体感染的一个重要角色并且为许多人的疾病被用作早诊断的标记,包括癌症。决定是否柠檬 sRNAs 调整主人回答到 HLB, sRNAs 从柠檬 sinensis 被介绍有 Ca 的 10 和 14 星期柱子 grafting。L。asiaticus (Las ) 积极或健康的织物。十新 microRNAs (miRNAs ) , 76 保存 miRNAs,和许多小介入 RNA (siRNAs ) 被发现。几 miRNAs 和 siRNAs 被 Las 感染高度导致,并且能潜在地被开发进 HLB 的早诊断标记。miR399,被磷饥饿在另外的植物种类导致,被与类似于 HLB 的症状引起柠檬 stubborna 疾病的 Las 然而并非 Spiroplasma citri 的感染明确地导致。我们与健康的树相比在 Las 积极的柠檬树上发现了磷的 35% 减小。HLB 积极的香甜的橘子树的适用的磷 oxyanion 答案减少了 HLB 症状严厉并且显著地在西南佛罗里达在 3 年的地试用期间改进了水果生产。我们的分子,生理,并且地数据建议那磷缺乏被连接到 HLB 疾病 symptomology。 | Hongwei Zhao Ruobai Sun Ute Albrecht Chellappan Padmanabhan Airong Wanga Michael D. Coffey Thomas Girke Zonghua Wang Timothy J. Close Mikeal Roose Raymond K. Yokomi Svetlana Folimonova Georgios Vidalakis Robert Rouse Kim D. Bowman Hailing Jin | 2013 | Molecular Plant2013，6，2： | 12 |
| 6 | RNA干扰技术的研究进展显示文摘RNA干扰是一种由双链RNA引发的序列特异性的转录后基因沉默,它是沉默目的基因表达的一种有效手段。本文就RNA干扰相关的分子机制和特点,其制备方法,以及目前RNA干扰在生物技术中的应用情况作一综述。 | 徐俊 毛颖 苗荻 郝佳 | 2012 | 生物技术世界2012，，3： | 11 |
| 7 | Regulation of small RNA stability: methylation and beyond显示文摘作为 RNA silencing 的中央部件,小 RNA 在优核质在许多生物过程起多样、重要的作用。在小 RNA 的层次的异常减小或举起与许多发展、生理的缺点被联系。在里面小 RNA 的 vivo 层次精确通过 modulating 被调整他们的生物的续生说和周转的率。2 ′ 3 ′ 上的 -O-methylation;终端核糖是增加小 RNA 的稳定性的主要机制。在植物,在动物的交往 Piwi RNA (piRNAs ) ,和在果蝇的 siRNAs 的小 RNA methyltransferase HUA ENHANCER1 (HEN1 ) 和它的相当或相同的事物甲醇化物 microRNAs 和小介入 RNA (siRNAs ) 。3 ′核苷酸增加,特别 uridylation,和 3 ′ -5′exonucleolytic 降级是主要机制那周转小 RNA。影响小 RNA 稳定性的另外的机制包括互补 RNA,在小 RNA 序列的 cis 元素和 RNA 有约束力的蛋白质。调查是进行中的进一步理解小 RNA 稳定性怎么在 vivo 影响他们的累积以便在生物工学和治疗学的应用改进 RNA silencing 的利用。 | Lijuan Ji Xuemei Chen | 2012 | Cell Research2012，22，4： | 10 |
| 8 | Plant Small RNAs: Biogenesis, Mode of Action and Their Roles in Abiotic Stresses显示文摘Small RNAs (sRNAs) are 18-30 nt non-coding regulatory elements found in diverse organisms, which were initially identified as small double-stranded RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. With the development of new and improved technologies, sRNAs have also been identified and characterized in plant systems. Among them, micro RNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are found to be very important riboregulators in plants. Various types of sRNAs differ in their mode of biogenesis and in their function of gene regulation. sRNAs are involved in gene regulation at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. They are known to regulate growth and development of plants. Furthermore, sRNAs especially plant miRNAs have been found to be involved in various stress responses, such as oxidative, mineral nutrient deficiency, dehydration, and even mechanical stimulus. Therefore, in the present review, we focus on the current understanding of biogenesis and regulatory mechanisms of plant sRNAs and their responses to various abiotic stresses. | Praveen Guleria Monika Mahajan Jyoti Bhardwaj Sudesh Kumar Yadav | 2011 | Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics2011，9，6： | 10 |
| 9 | Inhibition of hepatitis B virus surface antigen expression by small hairpin RNA in vitro显示文摘AIM: To explore the anti-hepatitis B virus effect of RNA interference (RNAi) using small hairpin RNA (shRNA)expression vector.METHODS: Hepatitis B virus surface antigen green fluorescent protein (HBs-GFP) fusion vector and shRNA expression vectors were constructed and cotransfected transiently into HepG2 cells. mRNAs extracted from HepG2 cells were detected by real-time PCR. Fluorescence of HBs-GFP protein was detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The effective shRNA expression vector was transfected into HepG2.2.15 cells. HBsAg and HBeAg in HepG2.2.15 cells were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) method.RESULTS: FACS revealed that shRNA targeting at HBsAg reduced the GFP signal by 56% compared to the control.Real-time PCR showed that HBs-GFP mRNA extracted from HepG2 cells cotransfected with pAVU6+27 and HBs-GFP expression plasmids decreased by 90% compared to the empty vector control. The expressions of HBsAg and HBeAg were also inhibited by 43% and 64%, respectively.CONCLUSION: RNAi using shRNA expression vector can inhibit the expression of HBsAg, providing a fresh approach to screening the efficient small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). | Zheng-GangYang ZhiChen QinNi NingXu Jun-BinShao Hang-PingYao | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，4： | 8 |
| 10 | Down-regulation of Bcl-X_L by RNA interference suppresses cell growth and induces apoptosis in human esophageal cancer cells显示文摘AIM: To determine the inhibitory effect of the vector- generated small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) on the expression of the Bcl-XL gene in established human esophageal cancer cells, and to investigate the effect of the Bcl-XL siRNAs on cell growth and apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells. METHODS: Three siRNA-expressing vectors targeting different sites of the Bcl-XL gene were constructed from pTZ-U6+1 vector. Cultured esophageal cancer cells were transfected with the siRNA-expressing vector (or the control vector) using lipofectamine 2000. Bcl-XL gene expression was determined with semiquantitative RT- PCR assay and Western blotting. Among the three siRNA- expressing vectors, the most highly functional vector and its effect on cell growth and apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells was further analyzed. RESULTS: Of the three siRNA-expressing vectors, siRNA- expressing vector No.1 was the most potent one which suppressed Bcl-XL mRNA production to 32.5% of that in the untreated esophageal cancer cells. Western blotting analysis showed that siRNA-expressing vector No.1 markedly down-regulated the expression of Bcl-XL in human esophageal cancer cells. Treatment of esophageal cancer cells with siRNA-expressing vector No.1 resulted in inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of Bcl-XL by vector- generated small interfering RNAs can suppress cell growth and induce apoptosis in human esophageal cancer cells. | Yong-En Xie En-Jie Tang Da-Rong Zhang Bi-Xuan Ren | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，46： | 7 |
| 11 | 应用RNA干扰技术抑制K562细胞BCR-ABL基因表达及诱导细胞凋亡显示文摘目的运用RNAi技术,设计针对BCR-ABL基因融合位点的siRNAs,研究其干扰后细胞变化。方法针对BCR-ABL基因的融合位点设计siRNAs,用脂质体法转染K562细胞,进行MTT法、RT-PCR及流式细胞仪检测,观察其干扰效果。结果转染组与对照组相比细胞增殖减少,BCR-ABLmRNA表达量降低,并有明显的细胞凋亡。结论运用RNAi技术,可以有效地抑制BCR-ABL的表达,诱导细胞凋亡,为白血病的分子机制研究和基因治疗奠定基础。 | 宋艳斌 马文丽 冯春琼 毛向明 石嵘 张宝 郑文岭 | 2005 | 基础医学与临床2005，25，7： | 6 |
| 12 | An atypical component of RNA-directed DNA methylation machinery has both DNA methylation-dependent and -independent roles in locus-specific transcriptional gene silencing显示文摘指导 RNA 的 DNA methylation (RdDM ) 是在植物的一条重要 de novo DNA methylation 小径。RdDM 调停许多内长的 genomic loci,其大多数是联系的 transposon 的 transcriptional silencing。一幅前面的遗传屏幕在 Arabidopsis 为 RdDM 作为一个新部件识别了 DTF1 (DNA 有约束力的抄写因素 1 ) 。在 DTF1 的 Loss-of-function 变化释放 RdDM 目标 loci 的 transcriptional silencing 并且减少 24-nt 的累积从一些目标的小介入 RNA (siRNAs ) 。在 dtf1 异种植物,有趣地,在 solo-LTR 的 transcriptional 基因 silencing 的版本被减少的 siRNA 累积然而并非由减少的 DNA methylation 伴随。这些结果建议 DTF1 是 RdDM 的一个不正常的部件并且在 transcriptional 基因 silencing 有 methylation 依赖的两 DNA 和独立角色。我们建议除 DNA methylation 以外, siRNAs 可以引起某另外的 uncharacterized 导致 transcriptional 基因 silencing 的 epigenetic 修正。 | Jun Liu Ge Bai Cuijun Zhang Wei Chen Jinxing Zhou Suwei Zhang Qing Chen Xin Deng Xin-Jian He Jian-Kang Zhu | 2011 | Cell Research2011，21，12： | 6 |
| 13 | RNA干扰技术在哺乳动物中的应用显示文摘RNA干扰技术已被广泛应用于线虫、植物和果蝇的基因功能分析中。随着 Dicer酶和 si RNAs的发现 ,人们已经能够利用人工合成的 si RNAs,或转染 si RNAs的表达载体来诱发哺乳动物细胞特定基因的抑制以及将上述方法应用于整体实验中 ,证明整体哺乳动物也存在 RNA干扰现象。 | 邱爽 罗建红 | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(医学版)2004，33，2： | 5 |
| 14 | Small interfering RNA-based molecular therapy of cancers显示文摘RNA interference(RNAi)has become a gold standard for validating gene function in basic life science research and provides a promising therapeutic modality for cancer and other diseases.This minireview focuses on the potential of small interfering RNAs(siRNAs)in anticancer treatment,including the establishment and screening of cancer-associated siRNA libraries and their applications in anticancer drug target discovery and cancer therapy.This article also describes the current delivery approaches of siRNAs using lipids,polymers,and,in particular,gold nanoparticles to induce significant gene silencing and tumor growth regression. | Wei Guo Wangbing Chen Wendan Yu Wenlin Huang Wuguo Deng | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2013，32，9： | 5 |
| 15 | Analyses of a Glycine max Degradome Library Identify microRNA Targets and MicroRNAs that Trigger Secondary SiRNA Biogenesis显示文摘Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression mainly by guiding cleavage of target mRNAs. In this study, a degradome library constructed from different soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) tissues was deep-sequenced. 428 potential targets of small interfering RNAs and 25 novel miRNA families were identified. A total of 211 potential miRNA targets, including 174 conserved miRNA targets and 37 soybean-specific miRNA targets, were identified. Among them, 121 targets were first discovered in soybean. The signature distribution of soybean primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) showed that most pri-miRNAs had the characteristic pattern of Dicer processing. The biogenesis of TAS3 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) was conserved in soybean, and nine Auxin Response Factors were identified as TAS3 siRNA targets. Twenty-three miRNA targets produced secondary small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in soybean. These targets were guided by five miRNAs: gma-miR393, gma-miR1508, gma-miR1510, gma-miR1514, and novel-11. Multiple targets of these secondary siRNAs were detected. These 23 miRNA targets may be the putative novel TAS genes in soybean. Global identification of miRNA targets and potential novel TAS genes will contribute to research on the functions of miRNAs in soybean. | Zheng Hu Qiyan Jiang Zhiyong Ni Rui Chen Shuo Xu Hui Zhang | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2013，55，2： | 5 |
| 16 | Chemokine receptor 4 gene silencing blocks neuroblastoma metastasis in vitro显示文摘This study investigated the effects of small interfering RNA(siRNA)-mediated silencing of chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4)on the invasion capacity of human neuroblastoma cell line SHSY5 Y in vitro.Three siRNAs targeting CXCR4 were chemically synthesized and individually transfected into SH-SY5Y cells.Expression of CXCR4 mRNA and protein was significantly suppressed in transfected cells by all three sequence-specific siRNAs compared with control groups.Furthermore,the invasion capacity of SH-SY5Y cells was significantly decreased following transfection with CXCR4-specific siRNA compared with the control groups.These data demonstrate that down-regulation of CXCR4 can inhibit in vitro invasion of neuroblastoma. | Xin Chen Yongjie Zhu Lulu Han Hongting Lu Xiwei Hao Qian Dong | 2014 | Neural Regeneration Research2014，9，10： | 4 |
| 17 | RNA干扰技术显示文摘RNA干扰首次发现于美丽线虫,siRNAs(小干扰RNA)的产生可诱导特异内源性mRNA的降解,现在被认为是真核细胞在翻译后水平抑制蛋白产生的主要途径。典型的内源性siRNA是由19-23个碱基构成的双链寡核苷酸RNA,由RNase蛋白复合物聚集降解靶mRNA所产生。RNA干扰最近常被用作逆转录基因工具来沉默多倍体有机体中的基因表达。表达siRNAs的方法日新月异,已经由最初的在体内或者体外利用病毒载体转染合成的siRNA至细胞,发展为在不同型细胞和有机体中建立不同功能的特异蛋白。RNA干扰的方法较之前的方法(反义DNA或抗体封闭技术)在抑制基因表达方面有着明显的优点。RNAi序列特异性的抑制效应是有选择性的、长期的,系统地调节靶向基因。不论是直接转染siRNA或者由RNA载体表达产生,RNAi都可抑制哺乳动物中的特异基因,这无疑加速了基因功能的研究速度,而且极有潜力成为高效的基因特异性治疗方法。药理学家一直梦寐以求可有方法能够选择性的拮抗或剔除个体特异蛋白的功能,RNAi十分有望使其梦想成真。 | 郭葆玉 | 2008 | 药物生物技术2008，15，2： | 4 |
| 18 | The epigenetic involvement in plant hormone signaling显示文摘The biosynthesis and signaling of plant hormones play a critical role in almost all biological processes.It is well-documented that phytohormones cross-talk with each other.Epigenetic mechanisms were suggested to regulate expression of downstream targets in hormone signaling pathways that help implement hormone functions.This new layer of complexities that integrate epigenetic information such as DNA methylation,chromatin remodeling,histone modification,microRNAs and siRNAs with plant hormone signaling and regulations of gene expression,has been gradually revealed.In this short review,the author tries to assemble recent progress to establish a molecular linkage between these two large and momentum research fields and also to help readers digest the literature. | ZHU YuXian | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，21： | 4 |
| 19 | Identification of ta-siRNAs and Cis-nat-siRNAs in Cassava and Their Roles in Response to Cassava Bacterial Blight显示文摘Trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs) and natural cis-antisense siRNAs (cis-nat-siRNAs) are recently discovered small RNAs (sRNAs) involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing. ta-siRNAs are transcribed from genomic loci and require processing by microRNAs (miRNAs). cis-nat-siRNAs are derived from antisense RNAs produced by the simultaneous transcription of overlapping antisense genes. Their roles in many plant processes, including pathogen response, are mostly unknown. In this work, we employed a bioinformatic approach to identify ta-siRNAs and cis-nat-siRNAs in cassava from two sRNA libraries, one constructed from healthy cassava plants and one from plants inoculated with the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.manihotis (Xam). A total of 54 possible ta-siRNA loci were identified in cassava, including a homolog of TAS3, the best studied plant ta-siRNA. Fifteen of these loci were induced, while 39 were repressed in response to Xam infection. In addition, 15 possible cis-natural antisense transcript (cis-NAT) loci producing siRNAs were identified from overlapping antisense regions in the genome,and were found to be differentially expressed upon Xam infection. Roles of sRNAs were predicted by sequence complementarity and our results showed that many sRNAs identified in this work might be directed against various transcription factors. This work represents a significant step toward understanding the roles of sRNAs in the immune response of cassava. | Andrés Quintero Alvaro L. Pérez-Quintero Camilo López | 2013 | Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics2013，11，3： | 4 |
| 20 | Synthesis,physicochemical and biological properties of oligonucleotides incorporated with amino-isonucleosides显示文摘Antisense oligonucleotides(ASONs) and siRNAs have been applied extensively for the regulation of cellular and viral gene expression,and RNAi is currently one of the most promising new approaches for anti-tumor and anti-viral therapy.In order to improve bioactivity properties and physicochemical properties of siRNA,we synthesized a novel class of ASONs II-VII incorporated with amino-isonucleoside(isoA1 and isoA2) for investigation on basic physicochemical properties.Then we designed amino-isonucleoside(isoA1,isoA2 and isoT1) incorporated siRNA 2-7.Some meaningful results have been obtained from the physicochemical property experiments in ASONs.In RNAi potency experiments,we investigated RNAi potency of each strand of the siRNA.These amino-isonucleosides incorporated siRNAs showed promising bioactivity properties and had position specificity.Reduced off target effect from sense strand loading in siRNA application was observed. | WANG Fang CHEN Yue HUANG Ye JIN Hong-Wei ZHANG Liang-Ren YANG Zhen-Jun ZHANG Li-He | 2012 | Science China Chemistry2012，55，1： | 3 |
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