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| 1 | Gastrointestinal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus:Insight into pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment显示文摘Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of a plethora of autoantibodies and immune complex formation. Virtually every system and organ can be affected by SLE. Gastrointestinal symptoms are com-mon in SLE patients, and more than half of them are caused by adverse reactions to medications and viral or bacterial infections. Though not as common as lu-pus nephritis, SLE-related gastrointestinal involvement is clinically important because most cases can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Lupus mesenteric vasculitis is the most common cause, followed by pro-tein-losing enteropathy, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, acute pancreatitis and other rare complications such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, etc. No specific autoantibody is identified as being associated with SLE-related gastroenteropathy. Imaging studies, particularly abdominal computed tomography scans, are helpful in diagnosing some SLE-related gastroen-teropathies. Most of these complications have good therapeutic responses to corticosteroids and immu-nosuppressive agents. Supportive measures such as bowel rest, nutritional support, antibiotics and proki-netic medications are helpful in facilitating functional recovery and improving the outcome. | Tian, Xin-Ping Zhang, Xuan | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，24： | 54 |
| 2 | 药物超敏反应综合征诊治专家共识显示文摘药物超敏反应综合征(drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome, DIHS)又称伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多和系统症状的药物反应(drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, DRESS),是一种少见且可危及生命的药物不良反应,其特征是潜伏期较长,伴皮疹、血液系统异常和内脏损害。 | 中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会变态反应性疾病专业委员会 | 2018 | 中华皮肤科杂志2018，51，11： | 54 |
| 3 | 小血管炎肾损害显示文摘 | 赵明辉 陈旻 | 2006 | 中国实用内科杂志2006，26，3： | 43 |
| 4 | Guide for diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is ranked as the 5th common type of cancer worldwide and is considered as the 3rd common reason for cancer-related deaths. HCC often occurs on top of a cirrhotic liver. The prognosisis determined by several factors; tumour extension, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) concentration, histologic subtype of the tumour, degree of liver dysfunction, and the patient's performance status. HCC prognosis is strongly correlated with diagnostic delay. To date, no ideal screening modality has been developed. Analysis of recent studies showed that AFP assessment lacks adequate sensitivity and specificity for effective surveillance and diagnosis. Many tumour markers have been tested in clinical trials without progressing to routine use in clinical practice. Thus, surveillance is still based on ultrasound(US) examination every 6 mo. Imaging studies for diagnosis of HCC can fall into one of two main categories: routine non-invasive studies such as US, computed tomography(CT), and magnetic resonance imaging, and more specialized invasive techniques including CT during hepatic arteriography and CT arterial portography in addition to the conventional hepatic angiography. This article provides an overview and spotlight on the different diagnostic modalities and treatment options of HCC. | Magdy Hamed Attwa Shahira Aly El-Etreby | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，12： | 47 |
| 5 | 我国银行业系统性违约风险研究——基于Systemic CCA方法的分析显示文摘Systemic CCA方法综合考虑了极端时期机构间违约的尾部风险和相依结构,为度量金融部门系统性风险提供了新的方法。本文基于该模型选取国内五家大型银行A股和资产负债表数据,结合多元极值理论和极值Coupla函数,得到银行日损失数据的多元极值分布,计算出五家银行的联合违约概率和期望损失等风险指标。结果显示目前大银行的系统性违约风险在可控范围内,计算结果为度量政府对金融机构隐性担保额提供了量化依据。 | 巴曙松 居姗 朱元倩 | 2013 | 金融研究2013，，9： | 35 |
| 6 | Danshen Injection as Adjuvant Treatment for Unstable Angina Pectoris: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis显示文摘Objective: To systematically evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Danshen Injection(丹参注射液, DS) as one adjuvant treatment for conventional therapy with Western medicine(WM) for unstable angina pectoris(UAP). Methods: Using literature databases, a thorough and systematic retrieval of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) comparing DS plus WM with WM was conducted from inception to April 2015. The extracted data from included studies was analyzed by Review Manager 5.2 software. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of included studies, and Begg's and Egger's tests conducted by Stata 12.0 were used to evaluate the potential presence of publication bias. Results: A total of 17 RCTs, which involving 1,433 participants, were identified and reviewed. The meta-analysis indicated that the combined use of DS and WM was significantly superior to WM alone for UAP in terms of the total effectiveness rate of angina pectoris [risk ratio(RR) =1.23, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.17, 1.29, P<0.01] and the total effectiveness rate of electrocardiogram(ECG) [RR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.30, P=0.001]. Additionally, DS could also further reduce the content of fibrinogen, adjust blood lipid level, correct T wave inversion, and so on. Fifteen adverse drug reactions were reported in two studies, Four of which appeared in the experimental group. Conclusion: Based on the systematic review, the combined use of DS and WM was more effective than WM alone, it can be further widely used in clinic, however, there was no exact conclusion for its safety. | Wu Jia-rui Liu Shi Zhang Xiao-meng Zhang Bing | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine2017，23，4： | 32 |
| 7 | Prognostic value of systemic immune.inflammation index in patients with gastric cancer显示文摘Background:Inflammation-based indexes have been used to predict survival and recurrence in cancer patients.Systemic immune-inflammation index(Sll) was reported to be associated with prognosis in some malignant tumors.In the present study,we aimed to explore the association between Sll and the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed data from 444 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 1994 and December 2005.Preoperative Sll was calculated.The Chi square test or Fisher's exact test was used to determine the relationship between preoperative Sll and clinicopathologic characteristics.Overall survival(OS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method,and the effect of Sll on OS was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to compare the predictive ability of Sll,NLR,and PLR.Results:Sll equal to or higher than 660 was significantly associated with old age,large tumor size,unfavorable Borrmann classification,advanced tumor invasion,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,advanced TNM stage,and high carcino-embryonic antigen level,high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio,and high platelet-lymphocyte ratio(all P<0.05).High Sll was significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis(P<0.001) and Sll was an independent predictor for OS(P=0.015).Subgroups analysis further showed significant associations between high Sll and short OS in stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ subgroups(all P<0.05).Sll was superior to NLR and PLR for predicting OS in patients with gastric cancer.Conclusion:Preoperative Sll level is an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with gastric cancer. | Kang Wang Feiyu Diao Zhijun Ye Xinhua Zhang Ertao Zhai Hui Ren Tong Li Hui Wu Yulong He Shirong Cai Jianhui Chen | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2017，36，9： | 30 |
| 8 | The relationship between Th1/Th2-type cells and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus显示文摘Obejctive To investigate the imbalance of Th1/Th2 type cytokines in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its relation to disease activity Methods Intracellular cytokines were determined by flow cytometry following whole blood culture Results Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) >10 had statistically significantly fewer CD4 + or CD8 + T cells producing IFN γ than patients with SLEDAI =0, SLEDAI 1-10 or healthy controls ( P <0 01, P <0 01 or P <0 05, respectively) Patients with SLEDAI>10 also had decreased ratio of IFN γ/IL 4 positive CD4 + or CD8 + T cells, compared with patients with SLEDAI =0, SLEDAI 1-10 or healthy controls ( P <0 05) The decreased Th1 or Tc1 cells and the ratios of IFN γ: IL 4 positive CD4 + T cells were significantly correlated with disease activity ( P <0 05) Conclusion SLE is characterized by an imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 cytokines The decreased Th1 or Tc1 cells and the Th1/Th2 ratio are related to disease | 陈顺乐 胡大伟 石学耕 沈南 顾越英 鲍春 | 2000 | Chinese Medical Journal2000，，10： | 26 |
| 9 | siRNA therapeutics:a clinical reality显示文摘Since the revolutionary discovery of RNA interference(RNAi),a remarkable progress has been achieved in understanding and harnessing gene silencing mechanism;especially in small interfering RNA(siRNA)therapeutics.Despite its tremendous potential benefits,major challenges in most siRNA therapeutics remains unchanged-safe,efficient and target oriented delivery of siRNA.Twenty years after the discovery of RNAi,siRNA therapeutics finally charts its way into clinics.As we journey through the decades,we reminisce the history of siRNA discovery and its application in a myriad of disease treatments.Herein,we highlight the breakthroughs in si RNA therapeutics,with special feature on the first FDA approved RNAi therapeutics Onpattro(Patisiran)and the consideration of effective siRNA delivery system focusing on current siRNA nanocarrier in clinical trials.Lastly,we present some challenges and multiple barriers that are yet to be fully overcome in siRNA therapeutics. | Phei Er Saw Er-Wei Song | 2020 | Science China(Life Sciences)2020，63，4： | 26 |
| 10 | Systemic inflammation and immune response after laparotomy vs laparoscopy in patients with acute cholecystitis, complicated by peritonitis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate acute cholecystitis, complicated by peritonitis, acute phase response and immunological status in patients treated by laparoscopic or open approach. METHODS: From January 2002 to May 2012, we conducted a prospective randomized study on 45 consecutive patients (27 women, 18 men; mean age 58 years). These subjects were taken from a total of 681 patients who were hospitalised presenting similar preoperative findings: acute upper abdominal pain with tenderness, involuntary guarding under the right hypochondrium and/or in the flank; fever higher than 38 ℃, leukocytosis greater than 10 × 10 9 /L or both, and ultrasonographic evidence of calculous cholecystitis possibly complicated by peritonitis. These patients had undergone cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis,complicated by bile peritonitis. Randomly, 23 patients were assigned to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), and 22 patients to open cholecystectomy (OC). Blood samples were collected from all patients before operation and at days 1, 3 and 6 after surgery. Serum bacteraemia, endotoxaemia, white blood cells (WBCs), WBC subpopulations, human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), neutrophil elastase, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min, at 4, 6, 12, 24 h, and then daily (8 A.M.) until post-operative day 6.RESULTS: The two groups were comparable in the severity of peritoneal contamination as indicated by the viable bacterial count (open group = 90% of positive cultures vs laparoscopic group = 87%) and endotoxin level (open group = 33.21 ± 6.32 pg/mL vs laparoscopic group = 35.02 ± 7.23 pg/mL). Four subjects in the OC group (18.1%) and 1 subject (4.3%) in the LC group (P < 0.05) developed intra-abdominal abscess. Severe leukocytosis (range 15.8-19.6/mL) was observed only after OC but not after LC, mostly due to an increase in neutrophils (days 1 and 3, P < 0.05). This value returned to the normal range within 3-4 d after LC and 5-7 d after OC. Other WBC types and lymphocyte subpopulations showed no significant variation. On the first day after surgery, a statistically significant difference was observed in HLA-DR expression between LC (13.0 ± 5.2) and OC (6.0 ± 4.2) (P < 0.05). A statistically significant change in plasma elastase concentration was recorded post-operatively at days 1, 3, and 6 in patients from the OC group when compared to the LC group (P < 0.05). In the OC group, the serum levels of IL-1 and IL-6 began to increase considerably from the first to the sixth hour after surgery. In the LC group, the increase of serum IL-1 and IL-6 levels was delayed and the peak values were notably lower than those in the OC group. Significant differences between the groups, for these two cytokines, were observed from the second to the twenty-fourth hour (P < 0.05) after surgery. The mean values of serum CRP in the LC group on post-operative days (1 and 3) were also lower than those in the OC group (P < 0.05). Systemic concentration of endotoxin was higher in the OC group at all intra-operative sampling times, but reached significance only when the gallbladder was removed (OC group = 36.81 ± 6.4 ρg/mLvs LC group = 16.74 ± 4.1 ρg/mL, P < 0.05). One hour after surgery, microbiological analysis of blood cultures detected 7 different bacterial species after laparotomy, and 4 species after laparoscopy (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: OC increased the incidence of bacteraemia, endotoxaemia and systemic inflammation compared with LC and caused lower transient immunological defense, leading to enhanced sepsis in the patients examined. | Federico Sista Mario Schietroma Giuseppe De Santis Antonella Mattei Emanuela Marina Cecilia Federica Piccione Sergio Leardi Francesco Carlei Gianfranco Amicucci | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2013，5，4： | 23 |
| 11 | Hypoalbuminemia in colorectal cancer prognosis:Nutritional marker or inflammatory surrogate?显示文摘Albumin is the single most abundant protein in the human serum. Its roles in physiology and pathology are diverse. Serum albumin levels have been classically thought to reflect the nutritional status of patients. This concept has been challenged in the last two decades as multiple factors, such as inflammation, appeared to affect albumin levels independent of nutrition. In general, cancer patients have a high prevalence of hypoalbuminemia. As such, the role of hypoalbuminemia in patients with colorectal cancer has received significant interest. We reviewed the English literature on the prognostic value of pretreatment albumin levels in colorectal cancer. We also consolidated the evidence that led to the current understanding of hypoalbuminemia as an inflammatory marker rather than as a nutritional one among patients with colorectal cancer. | Bassel Nazha Elias Moussaly Mazen Zaarour Chanudi Weerasinghe Basem Azab | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2015，7，12： | 22 |
| 12 | Immunomodulatory therapies for acute pancreatitis显示文摘It is currently difficult for conventional treatments of acute pancreatitis(AP),which primarily consist of antiinflammatory therapies,to prevent the progression of AP or to improve its outcome.This may be because the occurrence and progression of AP,which involves various inflammatory cells and cytokines,includes a series of complex immune events.Considering the complex immune system alterations during the course of AP,it is necessary to monitor the indicators related to immune cells and inflammatory mediators and to develop more individualized interventions for AP patients using immunomodulatory therapy.This review discusses the recent advances in immunomodulatory therapies.It has been suggested that overactive inflammatory responses should be inhibited and excessive immunosuppression should be avoided in the early stages of AP.The optimal duration of anti-inflammatory therapy may be shorter than previously expected(<24 h),and appropriate immunostimulatory therapies should be administered during the period from the 3rd d to the 14th d in the courseof AP.A combination therapy of anti-inflammatory and immune-stimulating drugs would hopefully constitute an alternative to anti-inflammatory drug monotherapy.Additionally,the detection of the genotypes of critical inflammatory mediators may be useful for screening populations of AP patients at high risk of severe infections to enable the administration of early interventions to improve their prognosis. | Jing Li Wen-Juan Yang Lu-Ming Huang Cheng-Wei Tang | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，45： | 22 |
| 13 | Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis: Beyond the known frontiers显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most frequent malignant tumors worldwide:Portal vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT)occurs in about 35%-50%of patients and represents a strong negative prognostic factor,due to the increased risk of tumor spread into the bloodstream,leading to a high recurrence risk.For this reason,it is a contraindication to liver transplantation and in several prognostic scores sorafenib represents its standard of care,due to its antiangiogenetic action,although it can grant only a poor prolongation of life expectancy.Recent scientific evidences lead to consider PVTT as a complex anatomical and clinical condition,including a wide range of patients with different prognosis and new treatment possibilities according to the degree of portal system involvement,tumor biological aggressiveness,complications caused by portal hypertension,patient’s clinical features and tolerance to antineoplastic treatments.The median survival has been reported to range between 2.7 and 4 mo in absence of therapy,but it can vary from 5 mo to 5 years,thus depicting an extremely variable scenario.For this reason,it is extremely important to focus on the most adequate strategy to be applied to each group of PVTT patients. | Lucia Cerrito Brigida Eleonora Annicchiarico Roberto Iezzi Antonio Gasbarrini Maurizio Pompili Francesca Romana Ponziani | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，31： | 21 |
| 14 | Systemic air embolism after transthoracic lung biopsy: A case report and review of literature显示文摘Computed tomography (CT)-guided lung biopsy is a common diagnostic procedure that is associated with various complications, including pneumothorax, hemoptysis and parenchymal hemorrhage. Systemic air embolism is a very rare (0.07%) but potentially lifethreatening complication. We report a fatal case of air embolism to the cerebral and coronary arteries confirmed by head and chest CT, followed by a review of the literature. | Wessam Bou-Assaly Perry Pernicano Ellen Hoeffner | 2010 | World Journal of Radiology2010，2，5： | 20 |
| 15 | Connective tissue diseases in primary biliary cirrhosis:A population-based cohort study显示文摘AIM:To establish the frequency and clinical features of connective tissue diseases(CTDs)in a cohort of Chinese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).METHODS:Three-hundred and twenty-two Chinese PBC patients were screened for the presence of CTD,and the systemic involvement was assessed.The differences in clinical features and laboratory findings between PBC patients with and without CTD were documented.The diversity of incidence of CTDs in PBC of different countries and areas was discussed.For the comparison of normally distributed data,Student’s t test was used,while non-parametric test(Wilcoxon test)for the non-normally distributed data and 2×2χ2or Fisher’s exact tests for the ratio.RESULTS:One-hundred and fifty(46.6%)PBC patients had one or more CTDs.The most common CTD was Sj gren’s syndrome(SS,121 cases,36.2%).There were nine cases of systemic sclerosis(SSc,2.8%),12of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE,3.7%),nine of rheumatoid arthritis(RA,2.8%),and 10 of polymyositis(PM,3.1%)in this cohort.Compared to patients with PBC only,the PBC+SS patients were more likely to have fever and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),higher serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)levels and more frequent rheumatoid factor(RF)and interstitial lung disease(ILD)incidences;PBC+SSc patients had higher frequency of ILD;PBC+SLE patients had lower white blood cell(WBC)count,hemoglobin(Hb),platelet count,γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and immunoglobulin M levels,but higher frequency of renal involvement;PBC+RA patients had lower Hb,higher serum IgG,alkaline phosphatase,faster ESR and a higher ratio of RF positivity;PBC+PM patients had higher WBC count and a tendency towards myocardial involvement.CONCLUSION:Besides the common liver manifestation of PBC,systemic involvement and overlaps with other CTDs are not infrequent in Chinese patients.When overlapping with other CTDs,PBC patients manifested some special clinical and laboratory features which may have effect on the prognosis. | Li Wang Feng-Chun Zhang Hua Chen Xuan Zhang Dong Xu Yong-Zhe Li Qian Wang Li-Xia Gao Yun-Jiao Yang Fang Kong Ke Wang | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，31： | 18 |
| 16 | Immune-modulating therapy in acute pancreatitis:Fact or fiction显示文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP) is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract,bearing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.Current treatment of AP remains unspecific and supportive and is mainly targeted to aggressively prevent systemic complications and organ failure by intensive care.As acute pancreatitis shares an indistinguishable profile of inflammation with sepsis,therapeutic approaches have turned towards modulating the systemic inflammatory response.Targets,among others,have included pro- and antiinflammatory modulators,cytokines,chemokines,immune cells,adhesive molecules and platelets.Even though,initial results in experimental models have been encouraging,clinical implementation of immuneregulating therapies in acute pancreatitis has had a slow progress.Main reasons include difficulty in clinical translation of experimental data,poor understanding of inflammatory response time-course,flaws in experimental designs,need for multimodal approaches and commercial drawbacks.Whether immune-modulation in acute pancreatitis remains a fact or just fiction remains to be seen in the future. | Karolina Akinosoglou Charalambos Gogos | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，41： | 17 |
| 17 | contrast enhanced computed tomography and reconstruction of hepatic vascular system for transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt puncture path planning显示文摘AIM: To describe a method for the transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt(TIPS) placement performed with the aid of contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT) and three-dimensional reconstructed vascular images(3D RVIs), and to assess its safety and effectiveness. METHODS: Four hundred and ninety patients were treated with TIPS between January 2005 and December 2012. All patients underwent liver CECT and reconstruction of 3D RVIs of the right hepatic vein to portal vein(PV) prior to the operation. The 3D RVIs were carefully reviewed to plan the puncture path fromthe start to target points for needle pass through the PV in the TIPS procedure. R E S U LTS :The improved TIPS procedure was successful in 483(98.6%) of the 490 patients. The number of punctures attempted was one in 294(60%) patients, 2 to 3 in 147(30%) patients, 4 to 6 in 25(5.1%) patients and more than 6 in 17(3.5%) patients. Seven patients failed. Of the 490 patients, 12 had punctures into the artery, 15 into the bile duct, eight into the gallbladder, and 18 through the liver capsule. Analysis of the portograms from the 483 successful cases indicated that the puncture points were all located distally to the PV bifurcation on anteroposterior images, while the points were located proximally to the bifurcation in the three cases with intraabdominal bleeding. The complications included three cases of bleeding, of whom one died and two needed surgery. CONCLUSION: Use of CECT and 3D RVIs to plan the puncture path for TIPS procedure is safe, simple and effective for clinical use. | Jian-Ping Qin Shan-Hong Tang Ming-De Jiang Qian-Wen He Hong-Bin Chen Xin Yao Wei-Zheng Zeng Ming Gu | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，32： | 17 |
| 18 | Clinical and pathological differences between serum immunoglobulin G4-positive and -negative type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: To identify clinical and pathological differences between serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-positive (SIP) and IgG4-negative (SIN) type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) in South Korea. METHODS: AIP was diagnosed by the international consensus diagnostic criteria. The medical records and pathology were retrospectively reviewed and IgG4-positive cells were counted in a high power field (HPF). Type I AIP was defined as a high serum level of IgG4or histological finding. SIN type 1 AIP was defined as a histological evidence of type 1 AIP and a normal serum IgG4 level. The clinical and pathological findings were compared between the two groups. The analysis was performed using Student's t test, Fischer's exact test and Mann-Whitney's U test. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. As repeated com- parison was made, P values of less than 5% (P < 0.05) were considered significant. RESULTS: Twenty five patients with definite type 1 AIP (19 histologically and six serologically diagnosed cases) were enrolled. The mean tissue IgG4 concentrations were significantly higher in SIP than SIN group (40 cells per HPF vs 18 cells per HPF, P = 0.02). Among eight SIN patients, the tissue IgG4 concentrations were less than 15 cells per HPF in most of cases, except one. The sensitivity of serum IgG4 was 68% (17 SIP and eight SIN AIP). Other organ involvement was more frequent- ly associated with SIP than SIN AIP (59% vs 26%, P = 0.016). However, the relapse rate and diffuse swelling of the pancreas were not associated with serum IgG4 level. The concentrations of IgG4-positive cells per HPF were higher in SIP than SIN AIP (40 vs 18, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of serum IgG4 was 68% in type 1 AIP. High serum IgG4 level was associated with other organ involvement and tissue IgG4 concentration but did not affect the relapse rate in type 1 AIP. | Woo Hyun Paik Ji Kon Ryu Jin Myung Park Byeong Jun Song Joo Kyung Park Yong-Tae Kim Kyoungbun Lee | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，25： | 16 |
| 19 | Role of macrophages in the progression of acute pancreatitis显示文摘In addition to pancreatic cells,other inflammatory cell populations contribute to the generation of inflammatory mediators during acute pancreatitis.In particular,macrophages could be activated by mediators released during pancreatitis by a damaged pancreas.It has been reported that peritoneal macrophages,alveolar macrophages and Kupffer cells become activated in different stages of severe acute pancreatitis.However,macrophages display remarkable plasticity and can change their physiology in response to environmental cues.Depending on their microenvironmental stimulation,macrophages could follow different activation pathways resulting in marked phenotypic heterogeneity.This ability has made these cells interesting therapeutical targets and several approaches have been assayed to modulate the progression of inflammatory response secondary to acute pancreatitis.However,despite the recent advances in the modulation of macrophage function in vivo,the therapeutical applications of these strategies require a better understanding of the regulation of gene expression in these cells. | Sabrina Gea-Sorlí Daniel Closa | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2010，1，5： | 16 |
| 20 | Metabolic theory of septic shock显示文摘Septic shock is a life threatening condition that can develop subsequent to infection. Mortality can reach as high as 80% with over 150000 deaths yearly in the United States alone. Septic shock causes progressive failure of vital homeostatic mechanisms culminating in immunosuppression, coagulopathy and microvascular dysfunction which can lead to refractory hypotension, organ failure and death. The hypermetabolic response that accompanies a systemic inflammatory reaction places high demands upon stored nutritional resources. A crucial element that can become depleted early during the progression to septic shock is glutathione. Glutathione is chiefly responsible for supplying reducing equivalents to neutralize hydrogen peroxide, a toxic oxidizing agent that is produced during normal metabolism. Without glutathione, hydrogen peroxide can rise to toxic levels in tissues and blood where it can cause severe oxidative injury to organs and to the microvasculature. Continued exposure can result in microvascular dysfunction, capillary leakage and septic shock. It is the aim of this paper to present evidence that elevated systemic levels of hydrogen peroxide are present inseptic shock victims and that it significantly contributes to the development and progression of this frequently lethal condition. | Jay Pravda | 2014 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2014，3，2： | 16 |
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