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| 1 | Entransy dissipation minimization for liquid-solid phase change processes显示文摘The liquid-solid phase change process of a simple one-dimensional slab is studied in this paper.By taking entransy dissipation minimization as optimization objective,the optimal external reservoir temperature profiles are derived by using optimal control theory under the condition of a fixed freezing or melting time.The entransy dissipation corresponding to the optimal heat exchange strategies of minimum entransy dissipation is 8/9 of that corresponding to constant reservoir temperature operations,which is independent of all system parameters.The obtained results for entransy dissipation minimization are also compared with those obtained for the optimal heat exchange strategies of minimum entropy generation and constant reservoir temperature operations by numerical examples.The obtained results can provide some theoretical guidelines for the choice of optimal cooling or heating strategy in practical liquid-solid phase change processes. | XIA ShaoJun,CHEN LinGen & SUN FengRui Postgraduate School,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，4： | 41 |
| 2 | Performance of a quantum heat engine cycle working with harmonic oscillator systems显示文摘A cycle model of an irreversible heat engine working with harmonic systems is established in this paper. Based on the equation of motion of an operator in the Heisenberg picture and semi-group approach, the first law of thermodynamics for a harmonic system and the time evolution of the system are obtained. The general expressions for several important parameters, such as the work, efficiency, power output, and rate of entropy production are derived. By means of numerical analysis, the optimally operating regions and the optimal values of performance parameters of the cycle are determined under the condition of maximum power output. At last, some special cases, such as high temperature limit and frictionless case, are dis-cussed in brief. | WANG JianHui HE JiZhou MAO ZhiYuan | 2007 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2007，50，2： | 25 |
| 3 | Thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transformation in rare earth–magnesium alloys:A critical review显示文摘Magnesium and its alloys are significant superior metallic materials for structural components in automobile and aerospace industries due to their excellent physicomechanical properties.The Mg–rare earth(RE)systems have attracted great interests because RE additions can improve both the deformability and the strength of Mg alloys through solid solution strengthening and precipitation hardening mechanisms.This paper focuses on the interface stability,together with thermodynamics and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the key phases and matrix phases in Mg–RE alloys.In this paper,the theory and recent advances on Mg–RE alloys,especially for the interface stability,thermodynamics and kinetics of nucleation and growth of the key phases and matrix phases,together with their relationships with micro-structures,and macroscopic properties,are reviewed.By combining the thermodynamics/kinetics integrated simulations with various advanced experimental techniques,“reverse”design of Mg–RE alloys starting from the target service performance is put forward as a kind of scientific paradigm with rational design. | Qun Luo Yanlin Guo Bin Liu Yujun Feng Jieyu Zhang Qian Li Kuochih Chou | 2020 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2020，44，9： | 26 |
| 4 | Optimal configuration for a finite high-temperature source heat engine cycle with the complex heat transfer law显示文摘The optimal configuration of a heat engine operating between a finite high-temperature source and an infinite low-temperature reservoir is derived by using finite time thermodynamics based on a complex heat transfer law,including Newtonian heat transfer law,linear phenomenological heat transfer law,radiative heat transfer law,Dulong-Petit heat transfer law,generalized convective heat transfer law and generalized radiative heat transfer law,q ∝(△T n). In the engine model the only irreversibility of finite rate heat transfer is considered. The optimal relation between the power output and efficiency of the heat engine is also derived by using an equivalent temperature of the hot reservoir. The obtained results include those obtained in recent literature and can provide some theoretical guidance for the designs of practical engines. | LI Jun CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2009 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2009，52，4： | 22 |
| 5 | The optimal path of piston motion for Otto cycle with linear phenomenological heat transfer law显示文摘An Otto cycle engine with internal and external irreversibilities of friction and heat leakage, in which the heat transfer between the working fluid and the environment obeys linear phenomenological heat transfer law [q ∝△(T -1)], is studied in this paper. The optimal piston motion trajectory for maximizing the work output per cycle is derived for the fixed total cycle time and fuel consumed per cycle. Optimal control theory is applied to determine the optimal piston trajectories for the cases of with and without piston acceleration constraint on each stroke and the optimal distribution of the total cycle time among the strokes. The optimal piston motion with acceleration constraint for each stroke consists of three segments, including initial maximum acceleration and final maximum deceleration boundary segments, respectively. Numerical examples for optimal configuration are provided, and the obtained results are compared with those obtained with Newton’s heat transfer law [q ∝△(T )]. The results also show that optimizing the piston motion can improve power and efficiency of the engine by more than 9%. This is primarily due to the decrease in heat leakage loss on the initial portion of the power stroke. | XIA ShaoJun CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2009 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2009，52，5： | 18 |
| 6 | The minimum heat consumption for heat-driven binary separation processes with linear phenomenological heat transfer law显示文摘The optimal performance of heat-driven binary separation processes with linear phenomenological heat transfer law(q∝△(T-1)) is analyzed by taking the processes as heat engines which work between high-and low-temperature reservoirs and produce enthalpy and energy flows out of the system,and the temperatures of the heat reservoirs are assumed to be time-and space-variables.A numerical method is employed to solve convex optimization problem and Lagrangian function is employed to solve the average optimal control problem.The dimensionless entropy production rate coefficient and dimensionless enthalpy flow rate coefficient are adopted to indicate the major influence factors on the performance of the separation process,such as the properties of different materials and various separation requirements for the separation process.The dimensionless minimum average entropy production rate and dimensionless minimum average heat consumption of the heat-driven binary separation processes are obtained.The obtained results are compared with those obtained with the Newtonian heat transfer law(q∝△(T)). | SHU LiWei CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2009 | Science China Chemistry2009，52，8： | 17 |
| 7 | Ecological optimization of an irreversible harmonic oscillators Carnot heat engine显示文摘A model of an irreversible quantum Carnot heat engine with heat resistance,internal irreversibility and heat leakage and many non-interacting harmonic oscillators is established in this paper. Based on the quantum master equation and semi-group approach,equations of some important performance parameters,such as power output,efficiency,exergy loss rate and ecological function for the irreversible quantum Carnot heat engine are derived. The optimal ecological performance of the heat engine in the classical limit is analyzed with numerical examples. Effects of internal irreversibility and heat leakage on the ecological performance are discussed. A performance comparison of the quantum heat engine under maximum ecological function and maximum power conditions is also performed. | LIU XiaoWei CHEN LinGen WU Feng SUN FengRui | 2009 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2009，52，12： | 16 |
| 8 | Extraction of Alumina from Coal Fly Ash with Sulfuric Acid Leaching Method显示文摘Coarse γ-Al2O3 powder was prepared through acid leaching,solid-liquid separation,crystallizing and aluminum sulfate decomposing processes using coal fly ash and concentrated sulfuric acid as raw materials.The metallurgy level Al2O3 can be obtained by disposing coarse γ-Al2O3 powder with Bayer process.The optimum conditions of acid leaching process were determined by experiments.The extraction rate of Al2O3 can be stabilized at about 87% under these conditions.The thermodynamics and kinetics of sulfuric acid leaching process were studied with irreversible thermodynamics. | 李来时 吴玉胜 刘瑛瑛 翟玉春 | 2011 | 过程工程学报2011，11，2： | 16 |
| 9 | Optimal paths for a light-driven engine with a linear phenomenological heat transfer law显示文摘An irreversible light-driven engine is described in this paper, in which the heat transfer between the working fluid and the environment obeys a linear phenomenological heat transfer law [ q ∝Δ(T -1)], with a working fluid composed of the bimolecular reacting system 2SO 3 F■S 2 O 6 F2. Piston trajectories maximizing work output and minimizing entropy generation are determined for such an engine with rate-dependent loss mechanisms of friction and heat leakage. The optimal control theory is applied to determine the optimal configurations of the piston motion trajectory and the fluid temperature. Numerical examples for the optimal configuration are provided, and the obtained results are compared with those derived with Newtonian heat transfer law [ q ∝Δ(T )]. | MA Kang, CHEN LinGen & SUN FengRui Postgraduate School, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China | 2010 | Science China Chemistry2010，53，4： | 14 |
| 10 | Maximum power output of a class of irreversible non-regeneration heat engines with a non-uniform working fluid and linear phenomenological heat transfer law显示文摘Maximum power output of a class of irreversible non-regeneration heat engines with non-uniform working fluid,in which heat transfers between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs obey the linear phenomenological heat transfer law [q ∝Δ(T-1)],are studied in this paper. Optimal control theory is used to determine the upper bounds of power of the heat engine for the lumped-parameter model and the distributed-parameter model,respectively. The results show that the maximum power output of the heat engine in the distributed-parameter model is less than or equal to that in the lumped-parameter model,which could provide more realistic guidelines for real heat engines. Analytical solutions of the maximum power output are obtained for the irreversible heat engines working between constant temperature reservoirs. For the irreversible heat engine operating between variable temperature reservoirs,a numerical example for the lumped-parameter model is provided by numerical calculation. The effects of changes of reservoir's temperature on the maximum power of the heat engine are analyzed. The obtained results are,in addition,compared with those obtained with Newtonian heat transfer law [q ∝Δ(T)]. | XIA ShaoJun CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2009 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2009，52，12： | 13 |
| 11 | Thermodynamic characteristics of a Brownian heat pump in a spatially periodic temperature field显示文摘This paper has studied the thermodynamic performance of a thermal Brownian heat pump,which consists of Brownian particles moving at a periodic sawtooth potential with external forces and contacting with the alternating hot and cold reservoirs along the space coordinate.The heat flows driven by both potential and kinetic energies are taken into account.The analytical expressions for the heating load,coefficient of performance(COP) and power input of the Brownian heat pump are derived and the performance characteristics are obtained by numerical calculations.It is shown that due to the heat flow via the change of kinetic energy of the particles,the Brownian heat pump is always irreversible and the COP can never attain the Carnot COP.The study has also investigated the influences of the operating parameters,i.e.the external force,barrier height of the potential,asymmetry of the sawtooth potential and temperature ratio of the heat reservoirs,on the performance of the Brownian heat pump.The effective regions of external force and barrier height of the potential in which the Brownian motor can operates as a heat pump are determined.The results show that the performance of the Brownian heat pump greatly depends on the parameters;if the parameters are properly chosen,the Brownian heat pump may be controlled to operate in the optimal regimes. | DING ZeMin,CHEN LinGen & SUN FengRui Postgraduate School,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，5： | 12 |
| 12 | THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF Mo-La_2O_3 THERMIONIC CATHODE WIRE显示文摘THERMODYNAMICANALYSISOFMo-La_2O_3THERMIONICCATHODEWIRE￥ZhouMeiling;WangJinshu;ZhangJiuxing;NieZuoren;LiEr;ZuoTieyong(Departmen... | Zhou Meiling Wang Jinshu Zhang Jiuxing Nie Zuoren Li Er Zuo Tieyong(Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Beijing Polytechnic University,Beijing 100022) | 1996 | 中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版1996，6，4： | 9 |
| 13 | Au-Sb association and fractionation in micro-disseminatedgold deposits, southwestern Guizhou——geochemistry andthermodynamics显示文摘The dual geochemical character of paragenesis and fractionation between gold, arsenic and antimony in micro-disseminated gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou is discussed in terms of spatial distribution of independent deposits, lateral and vertical enrichment, mineralization stage and factor and correlation analyses. Thermodynamic calculations of solubility and speciation of gold and antimony minerals indicate that gold is transported in hydrothermal solution as Au(HS) 2and antimony is mainly as Sb(OH)30 although HSb2S4 may be of increasing importance in acidenvironment at low temperatures during the late stage of mineralization. Changes in physico-chemical conditions hold the key to the association and fractionation between gold and antimony. Gold and antimony response differently to physicochemical variations because they are distinct from each other in soluble speciation and mineral solubility, leading to precipitation at different times and localities during hydrothermal evolution. | 朱赖民 胡瑞忠 | 2000 | Science China Earth Sciences2000，43，2： | 9 |
| 14 | Maximum work configurations of finite potential capacity reservoir chemical engines显示文摘An isothermal endoreversible chemical engine operating between the finite potential capacity high-chemical-potential reservoir and the infinite potential capacity low-chemical-potential reservoir has been studied in this work.Optimal control theory was applied to determine the optimal cycle configurations corresponding to the maximum work output per cycle for the fixed total cycle time and a universal mass transfer law.Analyses of special examples showed that the optimal cycle configuration with the mass transfer law g∝△μ,where△μis the chemical potential difference,is an isothermal endoreversible chemical engine cycle,in which the chemical potential(or the concentration) of the key component in the working substance of low-chemical-potential side is a constant,while the chemical potentials(or the concentrations) of the key component in the finite potential capacity high-chemical-potential reservoir and the corresponding side working substance change nonlinearly with time,and the difference of the chemical potentials(or the ratio of the concentrations) of the key component between the high-chemical-potential reservoir and the working substance is a constant.While the optimal cycle configuration with the mass transfer law g∝△μc,where △μc is the concentration difference,is different from that with the mass transfer law g∝△μ significantly.When the high-chemical-potential reservoir is also an infinite potential capacity chemical potential reservoir,the optimal cycle configuration of the isothermal endoreversible chemical engine consists of two constant chemical potential branches and two instantaneous constant mass-flux branches,which is independent of the mass transfer law.The object studied in this paper is general,and the results can provide some guidelines for optimal design and operation of real chemical engines. | Xia, ShaoJun Chen, LinGen Sun, FengRui | 2010 | Science China Chemistry2010，53，5： | 9 |
| 15 | Optimal performance regions of an irreversible energy selective electron heat engine with double resonances显示文摘A theoretical model for irreversible double resonance ESE(energy selective electron) device with phonon induced bypass heat leakage which is operating as heat engine system is proposed. The thermodynamic performance is optimized and the impacts of heat leakage and structure parameters of the electron system on its performance are discussed in detail by using FTT(finite time thermodynamics). Moreover, performances of the ESE system with multiple optimization objective functions, including power output, thermal efficiency, ecological function and efficient power, are explored by numerical examples. New optimal performance regions and the selection plans of optimization objective functions of the ESE system are obtained. It reveals that the characteristic of power versus efficiency behave as loop-shaped curves in spite of the heat leakage which will always decrease the efficiency of the electron engine. By properly choosing the design parameters, the ESE engine can be designed to operate at optimal conditions according to different design purpose. The preferred design area should be located between the optimal effective power condition and the optimal ecological function condition. | DING ZeMin CHEN LinGen GE YanLin XIE ZhiHui | 2019 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2019，62，3： | 8 |
| 16 | Formation and thermodynamics of CaS-bearing inclusions during Ca treatment in oil casting steels显示文摘Industrial experiments were carried out to investigate the formation of CaS-bearing inclusion during Ca double modification in oil casting steels using polished cross sections and electrolytic extraction. Immediately after Ca addition, the role of newly generated CaS as an intermediate reaction product, which modified the Al_2O_3 inclusion into a liquid calcium aluminate, was confirmed. The formation of transient CaS was attributed to the high surface segregation of S at the liquid steel-calcium vapor interface, where a simple site coverage model based upon the Langmuir adsorption equation was established. Moreover, a CaS outer layer surrounding the liquid calcium aluminate was attained mainly in the tundish, which was distributed unevenly on the surface of liquid particles according to the three-dimensional mapping results. The surface of a well-modified calcium aluminate with higher CaO activity and Al_2O_3 activity under bulk composition conditions in the tundish acted as a favorable site for the generation of CaS. Additionally, CaS could be precipitated directly onto existing inclusions during solidification of the steel, which led to various morphologies of CaS-bearing inclusions in slabs. Furthermore, the phase transformation of inclusions during solidification was strongly influenced both by the S content and the Ca/S ratio in the tundish via thermodynamics. | Xue-feng Bai Yan-hui Sun Rui-mei Chen Yi-min Zhang Yi-fan Cai | 2019 | International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials2019，26，5： | 7 |
| 17 | Thermodynamics at microscales: 3D→2D, 1D and 0D显示文摘Today, the laws of traditional thermodynamics are facing challenges when science is growing rapidly toward the microscale-world, even quantum hypothesis. In this work, the thermodynamics of nano-confinement and quantum thermodynamics are summarized to illustrate their developments at the microscales. | Kun Dong Feng Huo Suojiang Zhang | 2020 | Green Energy & Environment2020，5，3： | 7 |
| 18 | Thermodynamic studies on gas-based reduction of vanadium titano-magnetite pellets显示文摘Numerous studies have focused on the reduction thermodynamics of ordinary iron ore;by contrast, the literature contains few thermodynamic studies on the gas-based reduction of vanadium titano-magnetite (VTM) in mixed atmospheres of H2, CO, H2O, CO2, and N2. In this paper, thermodynamic studies on the reduction of oxidized VTM pellets were systematically conducted in an atmosphere of a C–H–O system as a reducing agent. The results indicate that VTM of an equivalent valence state is more difficult to reduce than ordinary iron ore. A reduction equilibrium diagram using the C–H–O system as a reducing agent was obtained;it clearly describes the reduction process. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of the reduction temperature, the gas composition, and two types of iron ores on the reduction of oxidized VTM pellets. The results show that the final reduction degree increases with increasing reduction temperature, increasing molar ratio of H2/(H2 + CO), and decreasing H2O, CO2, and N2 contents. In addition, the reduction processes under various conditions are discussed. All of the results of the reduction experiments are consistent with those of theoretical thermodynamic analysis. This study is expected to provide valuable thermodynamic theory on the industrial applications of VTM. | Jun-wei Chen Yang Jiao Xi-dong Wang | 2019 | International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials2019，26，7： | 7 |
| 19 | Adsorption and desorption properties of D151 resin for Ce(Ⅲ)显示文摘The present research is aimed at the development of D151 resin as an adsorbent that it can be used in the adsorption of Ce(Ⅲ) ions.The adsorption and desorption behaviors of Ce(Ⅲ) on D151 resin have been investigated by chemistry analysis.The influence of operational conditions such as contact time,initial concentration of Ce(Ⅲ),initial pH of solution and temperature on the adsorption of Ce(Ⅲ) had also been examined.The results show that the optimal adsorption condition of D151 for Ce(Ⅲ) was achieved at pH=6.50 in HAc-NaAc medium.The maximum uptake capacity of Ce(Ⅲ) was 392 mg/g resin at 298 K.The adsorption of Ce(Ⅲ) followed both the Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm,and the correlation coefficients had been evaluated.Even kinetics on the adsorption of Ce(Ⅲ) had been studied.The adsorption rate constant k298 K valued was 1.3×10-5 s-1.The calculation data of thermodynamic parameters which ΔS0 value of 91.34 and ΔH0 value of 7.07 kJ/mol indicate the endothermic nature of the adsorption process.While,a decrease of Gibb's free energy(ΔG0) with increasing temperature indicated the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process.Finally,Ce(Ⅲ) could be eluted by using 0.5 mol/L HCl solution and the elution percentage was as high as 100%.Adsorption mechanism was also proposed for the adsorption of Ce(Ⅲ) ions onto D151 resin using infrared spectroscopy technique. | 姚彩萍 | 2010 | Journal of Rare Earths2010，28，S1： | 6 |
| 20 | Effect of Ti-V-Nb-Mo addition on microstructure of high chromium cast iron显示文摘The effects of trace additions of multi-alloying elements(Ti,Nb,V,Mo)on carbides precipitation and as- cast microstructure of eutectic high chromium cast iron containing 2.85wt.%C and 31.0wt.%Cr were investigated from thermodynamic and kinetic considerations.The thermodynamic calculations show that Ti and Nb exist in the multi-alloying system in the forms of TiC and NbC.The formation of VC during the solidification is not feasible from the thermodynamic consideration.XRD analysis shows that the V exists in alloy compounds(VCr2C2,VCrFe8).The first precipitated high melting point particles(TiC,NbC)can act as the heterogeneous substrate of M7C3 carbides, which results in significant refinement of the M7C3 carbides.After the addition of alloying elements,C atom diffusion is hindered due to the strong affinities of the strong carbide forming elements for carbon,which decreases the growth rate of carbides.The combined roles of the increase of nucleation rate and the decrease of carbides growth rate lead to the finer microstructure. | Ma Youping Li Xiulan Liu Yugao Zhou Shuyi Dang Xiaoming | 2012 | China Foundry2012，9，2： | 6 |
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