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| 1 | Distant hybridization leads to different ploidy fishes显示文摘Distant hybridization makes it possible to transfer the genome of one species to another, which results in changes in phenotypes and genotypes of the progenies. This study shows that distant hybridization or the combination of this method with gynogenesis or androgenesis lead to different ploidy fishes with genetic variation, including fertile tetraploid hybrids, sterile triploid hybrids, fertile diploid hybrids, fertile diploid gynogenetic fish, and their derived progenies. The formations of the different ploidy fishes depend on the genetic relationship between the parents. In this study, several types of distant hybridization, including red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) (2n=100, abbreviated as RCC) (♀)×common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (2n=100, abbreviated as CC) (♂), and RCC (2n=100) (♀)×blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) (2n=48, abbreviated as BSB) (♂) are described. In the distant hybridization of RCC (♀)×CC (♂), bisexual fertile F3–F18 allotetraploid hybrids (4n=200, abbreviated as 4nAT) were formed. The diploid hybrid eggs and diploid sperm generated by the females and males of 4nAT developed into diploid gynogenetic hybrids and diploid androgenetic hybrids, respectively, by gynogenesis and androgenesis, without treatment for doubling the chromosome. Improved tetraploid hybrids and improved diploid fishes with genetic variation were derived from the gynogenetic hybrid line. The improved diploid fishes included the high-body RCC and high-body goldfish. The formation of the tetraploid hybrids was related to the occurrence of unreduced gametes generated from the diploid hybrids, which involved in premeiotic endoreduplication, endomitosis, or fusion of germ cells. The sterile triploid hybrids (3n=150) were produced on a large scale by crossing the males of tetraploid hybrids with females of diploid fish (2n=100). In another distant hybridization of RCC (♀)×BSB (♂), different ploidy fishes were obtained, including diploid bisexual fertile natural gynogenetic fish (2n=100), sterile triploid hybrids (3n=124), and bisexual fertile tetraploid hybrids (4n=148). Furthermore, two kinds of pentaploid hybrids (5n=172 and 5n=198) were formed. The biological characteristics and the mechanisms of formation of the different ploidy fish were compared and discussed at the cellular and molecular level. The results indicated distant hybridization or the combination of this method with gynogenesis or androgenesis affects the formation of different ploidy fish with genetic variation. | LIU ShaoJun Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，4： | 39 |
| 2 | Biological characteristics of an improved triploid crucian carp显示文摘An improved triploid crucian carp(ITCC) was produced by crossing improved tetraploids(G1×AT,) with improved red crucian carp(IRCC,),which were obtained by distant crossing and gynogenesis.The biological characteristics of ITCC,including the number and karyotype of chromosomes,gonadad and pituitary structures,phenotype,and growth rate are reported.ITCC possessed 150 chromosomes with the karyotype 33m+51sm+33st+33t.In the breeding season,both ovary-like and testis-like gonads of ITCC were unable to produce normal mature gametes.The ultrastructure of the pituitary of ITCC showed that most of the endocrine granules in gonadotrophic hormone(GTH) cells had not been released,providing endocrinological evidence for the sterility of ITCC.Compared with triploid crucian carp(TCC) produced by mating Japanese crucian carp with allotetraploid hybrids,ITCC not only retained the excellent traits of fast growth rate and sterility,but also acquired improved morphological characteristics,including higher body,shorter tail and smaller head. | CHEN Song,WANG Jing,LIU ShaoJun,QIN QinBo,XIAO Jun,DUAN Wei,LUO KaiKun,LIU JinHui & LIU Yun Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China,College of Life Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，8： | 14 |
| 3 | The cloning of Dmc1 cDNAs and a comparative study of its expression in different ploidy cyprinid fishes显示文摘Dmc1 (disrupted meiotic cDNA) is a functionally specific gene, which was firstly discovered in yeast and then found to encode a protein required for homologous chromosome synapsis during the process of meiosis. In this investigation, we cloned the partial cDNAs of Dmc1 of diploid red crucian carp, Japanese crucian carp, common carp, triploid crucian carp and allotetraploid hybrids by using a pair of degenerate primers based on the conservative sequence of amino acids of the DMC1 protein in yeast, mouse and human. The full length cDNAs were then obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Our data showed that the full length cDNAs of Dmc1 in the three diploid fishes are all 1375 bp long, while it is 1383 bp long in triploids and 1379 bp long in allotetraploids. And despite of the variation in length, all the cDNAs encode a protein of 342 amino acids. A high homology of 97.3% of the DMC1 protein can be drawn by comparing the amino acid sequences in the three diploids, which is also of 86%, 86% and 95% similarity to human, mouse and zebrafish, respectively. A comparative study of the expression pattern of Dmc1 was carried out by RT-PCR using specific primers against the same se-quences of coding regions in different ploidy cyprinid fishes, from which it was showed that Dmc1 was expressed only in gonads of these five kinds of fishes. The expression pattern of Dmc1 in both ovaries and testes from different ploidy fishes within breeding season was also studied by Real-time PCR, and the results showed that the expression of this gene was greatly different among the three different ploidy fishes, which was the highest of triploid and lowest of allotetraploids. The histological sections data showed matured gonads of both diploid red crucian carp and allotetraploids in breeding season, although the latter demonstrated a higher maturation, and no gonadal maturation could be observed in triploids. In conclusion, we suggest that Dmc1 is specifically expressed in the period of meiosis in all the ploidy cyprinid fishes and directly related with the development of gonad in a manner of ploidy-independent way. And further, the high expression of Dmc1 in female triploids might be associ-ated with abnormal meiosis and sterility. | TAO Min, LIU ShaoJun, LONG Yu, ZENG Chen, LIU JiFang, LIU LiangGuo, ZHANG Chun, DUAN Wei & LIU Yun Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，1： | 13 |
| 4 | 三倍体毛白杨硬枝扦插容器育苗基质的筛选(英文)显示文摘[Objective] The experiment was aimed to select effective and economical media for container seedling of triploid clones of Populus tomentosa that was carried out. [Method] The sandy loam, peat, perlite, vermiculite, riversand, sludge were taken as media of hardwood cutting and survival rate, seedling height were taken as indexes to select media for container seedling of triploid clones of Populus tomentosa. [Result] Different mixedmedia had great influence on survival rates of container seedlings. Taking peat and vermiculite with the proportion of 5∶2 (M10) or peat ,vermiculite with the proportion of 7∶2 (M11) or sandy loam (M1) as media would generate higher cutting survival rate that was higher than 90.0%. There were significant differece in height increments of container seedlings. Taking sandy loam, peat and vermiculite with the proportion of 6∶2∶2(M5)or sandy loam (M1), seedling height of 60-days the seedling was over 37.0 cm. [Conclusion] According to cost analysis of nursery medium, the optimum medium for hardwood cuttings container seedling-raising of triploid clones of Populus tomentosa was sandy loam. | 张平冬 王红静 宋金利 康向阳 朱之悌 | 2008 | Agricultural Science & Technology2008，9，6： | 11 |
| 5 | 细胞松弛素B和低温诱导华贵栉孔扇贝三倍体的产生(英文) | 林岳光 庆宁 何毛贤 姜卫国 | 1995 | 中山大学学报论丛1995，15，3： | 5 |
| 6 | Comparison of diploid and triploid Carassius auratus provides insights into adaptation to environmental change显示文摘Focusing on adaptation of aquatic organisms, especially fish, can help elucidate complex dynamics in freshwater ecology. The differences in genetic and epigenetic regulation between diploid and triploid Carassius auratus affect survival under eutrophication. To identify the underlying mechanisms that lead to better adaption of triploids than diploids, we compared mRNA and microRNA(miRNA) expressions in liver tissue of diploid and triploid individuals obtained from the Dongting lake water system in central China. Differential expression analysis revealed that 566 transcripts were significantly up-regulated, whereas758 were down-regulated in triploids; of these differentially expressed transcripts, 33 transcripts including cacna1 d, nfkb2, hspa1 and fgfr4 were involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, and eight transcripts were determined to be regulated by seven miRNAs. Additionally, four of 25 differential expressed(DE) transcripts(mhc1, irf7, nfkb2 and pik3 c) involving the viral carcinogenesis pathway were regulated by four miRNAs. Furthermore, genetic polymorphisms analysis showed that more heterozygous mutations were detected in triploids than diploids. The d N/d S results revealed that 21 genes were under positive selection(d N/d S>1) in C. auratus complex. We hypothesize that these changes related to genetic and epigenetic regulation may be caused by abiotic stresses, and facilitate adaptation to environmental changes. | Li Ren Xin Gao Conghui Yang Hui Tan Jialin Cui Shi Wang Wuhui Li Chun Zhang Min Tao Qinbo Qin Shaojun Liu | 2018 | Science China(Life Sciences)2018，61，11： | 3 |
| 7 | MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOR IN FEMALE INTERSEXES OF ARTIFICIAL TRIPLOID TRANSPARENT-COLORED CRUCIAN CARP显示文摘Chromosome behavior in meiosis was studied by ail-drying, C-banding and surface-spreading methods in female intersexes of artificial triploid transparent-colored crucian carp (Corassius auratus). Chromosome pairing and contraction were obviously asynchronous. The preferential pairing of two homologous chromosomes was the major pattern of chromosome pairing, and a few triple pairing, repeated pairing, telomere or centromere associating and multiple pairing were also observed in the pachytene cells. The metaphase I cells were main-ly composed of univalents, bivalents and trivalents, as well as a few of other multivalents, such as tetravalents, pentavalents, hexavalents and heptavalents, were also found in some metaphase I cells. The chromosome elements including uni-, bi-, tri- and other multivalents varied considerably among the metaphase I cells, and the associating patterns of multivalents were also diverse. Some 6 n and 12 n cells, in which premeiotic endomitosis occurred once or twice, were found | 桂建芳 梁绍昌 蒋一珪 | 1991 | Science China Chemistry1991，34，11： | 1 |
| 8 | Abnormal meiosis in fertile and sterile triploid cyprinid fish显示文摘Meiosis is the key process for producing mature gametes. A natural fertile triploid Carassius auratus population(3nDTCC) and an artificially derived sterile triploid crucian carp(3nCC) have been previously observed, providing suitable model organisms for investigating meiosis characteristics in triploid fish. In the present study, the microstructures and ultrastructures of spermatogenesis were studied in these fishes. Td T-mediated d UTP nick end labeling detection was performed to investigate the apoptosis of spermatocytes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was employed to trace chromatin pairing. In addition, the m RNA expressions of cell cycle-related genes(i.e., cell division control 2 and cell cycle protein B) were determined by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction to illustrate the molecular mechanism of abnormal meiosis in the 3nCC. The results showed that the 3nCC undergoes an irregular prophase I, with the chromosomes distributed in a unipolar radial manner and exhibiting partial pairing, hindered metaphase I, and degenerated cells in the subsequent stages. Meanwhile, the 3nDTCC presented a relatively regular meiotic prophase I with complete conjugate chromosome pairs and chromosomes distributed along the karyotheca,which were presented as a ring structure by slicing. Only the spreads with 130–150 irregular chromosomes can be easily detected in the 3nDTCC, suggesting that it may undergo an abnormal metaphase I. This study provides new insights into the meiosis of fertile and sterile triploid cyprinid fish. | Chun Zhang Qi Li La Zhu Wangchao He Conghui Yang Hui Zhang Yu Sun Luojing Zhou Yuandong Sun Shurun Zhu Chang Wu Min Tao Yi Zhou Rurong Zhao Chenchen Tang Shaojun Liu | 2021 | Science China(Life Sciences)2021，64，11： | 1 |
| 9 | Microsatellite Analysis of Genetic Diversity Between Loach with Different Levels of Ploidy显示文摘We used microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic parameters of three different polyploidy populations of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus from Honghu City, Hubei Province. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis banding patterns of diploid(2n), triploid(3n) and tetraploid loaches(4n) were analyzed with Pop Gen software. A total of 68 alleles were obtained from seven microsatellite loci and the polymorphism information content(PIC) indices were all above 0.5. The average expected mean heterozygosity values(He) were 0.8420, 0.7186 and 0.8521; the average observed mean heterozygosity values(Ho) were 0.9674, 0.9785 and 0.8928; and the HardyWeinberg P values were 0.3078, 0.3151 and 0.3762, for diploid, triploid and tetraploid individuals, respectively. The results indicated that the three populations were highly polymorphic, with no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium observed at all the seven microsatellite loci. This indicated a high level of genetic diversity within the populations. A cluster analysis diagram showed that the shortest genetic distance was between diploid and tetraploid loaches and they shared a close phylogenetic relationship. The triploid and tetraploid individuals had the most distant phylogenetic relationship. | Li Ya-juan Qi Hong-rui Ma Hai-yan Zhou He Xu Wen Sui Yi Li Jia-qi | 2014 | Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)2014，21，4： | 1 |
| 10 | PRELIMINARY STUDY ON CHROMOSOMES OF INDUCED TRIPLOID IN THE RED SEA BREAM, PAGROSOMUS MAJOR显示文摘Triploidy red sea bream were induced by cold shock techniques (0 3℃) in Qingdao in April 1994, May 1995 and May 1996. Normal diploidy and triploidy chromosome metaphases were produced by chromosome spreads from the gastrula. Counts of 104 chromosome metaphases of normal diploid showed each of them consisted of 2 acrocentric (st) and 46 telocentric (t) chromosomes. Based on the relative lengths and arm ratios, the 48 chromosomes were matched into 24 pairs. Counts of 107 chromosome metaphases of induced triploid showed that each metaphase consisted of 3 acrocentric (st) and 69 telocentric (t) chromosomes. The 72 chromosomes were easily matched into three sets of chromosomes, based on the relative lengths and arm ratios. | 刘静 尤锋 | 2000 | Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2000，18，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Diverse transcriptional patterns of homoeologous recombinant transcripts in triploid fish(Cyprinidae)显示文摘Homoeologous recombination(HR),the exchange of homoeologous chromosomes,contributes to subgenome adaptation to diverse environments by producing various phenotypes.However,the potential relevance of HR and innate immunity is rarely described in triploid cyprinid fish species.In our study,two allotriploid genotypes(R_(2)C and RC_(2)),whose innate immunity was stronger than their inbred parents(Carassius auratus red var.and Cyprinus carpio L.),were obtained from backcrossing between male allotetraploids of C.auratus red var.×C.carpio L.and females of their two inbred parents,respectively.The work detected 140 HRs shared between the two triploids at the genomic level.Further,transcriptions of 54 homoeologous recombinant genes(HRGs)in R_(2)C and 65 HRGs in RC_(2) were detected using both Illumina and PacBio data.Finally,by comparing expressed recombinant reads to total expressed reads in each of the genes,a range of 0.1%-10% was observed in most of the 99-193 HRGs,of which six recombinant genes were classified as'response to stimulus'.These results not only provide a novel way to predict HRs in allopolyploids based on cross prediction at both genomic and transcriptional levels,but also insight into the potential relationship between HRs related to innate immunity and adaptation of the triploids and allotetraploids. | Li Ren Xueyin Zhang Jiaming Li Xiaojing Yan Xin Gao Jialin Cui Chenchen Tang Shaojun Liu | 2021 | Science China(Life Sciences)2021，64，9： | 0 |
| 12 | Incidence and molecular markers of 2n pollen in Populus tomentosa Carr显示文摘Microscopic examination and AFLP molecular markers were employed to determine the incidence and related markers of 2n pollen (unreduced pollen) in Populus tomentosa Carr. The parallel and tripolar spindle at metaphase Ⅱ and the absence of cytokinesis at telophase Ⅱ led to the formation of 2n pollen. A group of 298 clones came from their indigenous areas was investigated for the production of 2n pollen based on the pollen size differences, within a clone and between n and 2n pollen. Pollen grains of 224 clones were collected, six of them only produced normal pollen, and the rest produced 2n pollen at different frequencies (0.6% -21.9%). Clones producing six normal and 22 2n pollen were selected for AFLP analysis. Following an initial screening with 55 primer combinations, the E50-M38 (CAT/ACT) primer was identified, which generated a PCR fragment (246 bp) from the normal clones, but not from the 2n pollen producers. In addition, the E31-M50 (AAA/CAT) amplified DNA fragment (204 bp) that was present in 2n pollen producers, and absent in normal clones. Two polymorphic bands were found and they were distinguished between normal and 2n pollen clones. They are very useful as AFLP markers for molecular-assisted selection in triploid breeding of 2n gametes in P.tomentosa. | ZHANG Zheng-hai KANG Xiang-yang ZHANG Ping-dong LI Yan-hua WANG Jun(Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University) | 2006 | 北京林业大学学报2006，28，S2： | 0 |
| 13 | 人工复合三倍体鲤鱼多精受精的细胞学基础研究(英文) | 董新红 叶玉珍 吴清江 | 1998 | Developmental and Reproductive Biology1998，，1： | 0 |
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