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| 1 | Petrogenesis of highly fractionated I-type granites in the Zayu area of eastern Gangdese, Tibet: Constraints from zircon U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes显示文摘The Cretaceous granitoids in the middle and northern Gangdese, Tibet are generally interpreted as the products of anatexis of thickened deep crust genetically associated with the Lhasa-Qiangtang collision. This paper reports bulk-rock major element, trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic data, zircon U-Pb age data, and zircon Hf isotopic data on the Zayu pluton in eastern Gangdese, Tibet. These data shed new light on the petrogenesis of the pluton. Our SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age dates, along with LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb age dates recently reported in the literature, indicate that the Zayu pluton was emplaced at about 130 Ma, coeval with Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks in other areas of eastern Gangdese (e.g., Rawu, Baxoi areas) and the Middle Gangdese. The Zayu pluton samples lack amphibole and muscovite, and are compositionally characterized by high SiO2 (69.9%―76.8%), K2O (4.4%―5.7%), and low P2O5 (0.05%―0.12%). These samples also have A/CNK values of 1.00-1.05, and are enriched in Rb, Th, U, and Pb, and depleted in Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, P, Ti, and Eu. These geochemical features suggest that the Zayu pluton samples are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous and are of highly fractionated I-type granite. The Zayu pluton samples have high εNd(t) values (-10.9--7.6) and low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7120- 0.7179) relative to melts derived from mature continental crust in the Gangdese (e.g., Ningzhong Early Jurassic strongly peraluminous granite). The Zayu pluton samples are heterogeneous in zircon εHf(t) values (-12.8--2.9), yielding ancient zircon Hf crustal model ages of 1.4―2.0 Ga. The data obtained in this study together with the data in the recent literature suggest that the Early Cretaceous granitoids in eastern Gangdese represent the eastward extension of the Early Cretaceous magmatism in the middle Gangdese, and that the Lhasa micro-continent block with ancient basement may extend for ~2000 km from east to west. Zircon Hf isotopic data and bulk-rock zircon saturation temperature (789-821℃) indicate that mantle-derived materials likely played a role in the generation of the Zayu pluton. We propose that the Zayu pluton was most likely generated in a setting associated with southward sub- duction of the Bangong-Nujiang ocean floor, where mantle wedge-derived magmas may have providedthe heat and material for the anatexis of ancient crust of the Lhasa micro-continent, resulted in hybrid melts (i.e., mantle-derived basaltic magmas + crust-derived felsic magmas). Such hybrid melts with subsequent fractional crystallization are responsible for the highly evolved Zayu pluton (crust thick- ening is not a prerequisite). | ZHU DiCheng MO XuanXue WANG LiQuan ZHAO ZhiDan NIU Yaoling ZHOU ChangYong YANG YueHeng | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，9： | 107 |
| 2 | Geochronology and petrogenesis of granitic rocks in Gangdese batholith, southern Tibet显示文摘Based on petrological and geochemical characteristics such as rock assemblage, petrogeochemistry, Sr-Nd isotope, zircon U-Pb age, and Hf isotope, we studied geochronological framework, magma types, source characters, and petrogenesis of different stages of magmatism of the granitic rocks from the Gangdese batholith in southern Tibet. The magmatic activities of the Gangdese batholith can be divided into three stages. The Mesozoic magmatism, induced by northern subduction of Neotethyan slab, was continuously developed, with two peak periods of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. The Paleocene-Eocene magmatism was the most intensive, and resulted from a complex progress of Neotethyan oceanic slab, including subduction, rollback, and subsequent breakoff. And the Oligocene-Miocene magmatism was attributed to the convective removal of thickened lithosphere in an east-west extension setting after India-Asia collision. Isotopically, zircons from these granitic rocks are characterized by positive εHf(t) values, suggesting that the magmatic source of the Gangdese batholith might be an arc terrane, which was accreted to the southern margin of Asia during Late Paleozoic. Therefore, the chronological framework and Hf isotopic characteristics of the Gangdese batholith are distinct from the granitic rocks in adjacent areas, which can be served as a powerful tracer in studying source-to-sink relation of sediments during the uplift and erosion of Tibetan Plateau. | JI WeiQiang WU FuYuan LIU ChuanZhou CHUNG SunLin | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，9： | 89 |
| 3 | Challenges and Countermeasures for Construction Safety during the Sichuan-Tibet Railway Project显示文摘1.Introduction The Sichuan–Tibet Railway is the most important part of China’s 13th Five-Year Plan.It is an important part of the external transport channel of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China,and will act as an essential conduit of people and resources to guide the industrial layout,promote land development along the railway,and integrate tourism resources.The planning and construction of the Sichuan–Tibet Railway is of great and far-reaching significance to the economic and social development of Tibet Autonomous Region,Sichuan Province,and even other regions in Western China. | Chunfang Lu Chaoxun Cai | 2019 | Engineering2019，5，5： | 76 |
| 4 | Numerical Simulation on Climate Effects of Freezing-Thawing Processes Using CCM3显示文摘A parameterization of soil freezing-thawing physics for use in the land-surface model of the National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCAR) Community Climate Model(CCM3) is developed and evaluated.The new parameterization scheme has improved the representation of physical processes in the existing land surface model.Numerical simulations using CCM3 with improved land-surface processes and with the original land-surface processes are compared against the NCEP reanalysis.It is found that the CCM3 version using the improved land surface model shows significant improvements in simulating precipitation in China during the summer season,the general circulation over East Asia,and wind fields over the Tibet Plateau.For the summer season,the improved model was able to better simulate the Indian summer monsoon components,including the mean northerly wind in the upper troposphere and mean southerly wind in the lower troposphere. | Chenghai Wang1,2*,Guodong Cheng3,Aijun Deng4,Wenjie Dong5 1.State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research In-stitute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 2.State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Insti-tute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 3.State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research In-stitute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 4.Department of Meteorology,The Pennsylvania State University,University Park,PA 16802 5.State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology Resource,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China Chenghai Wang1,2*,Guodong Cheng3,Aijun Deng4,Wenjie Dong5 1.State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research In-stitute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 2.State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Insti-tute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 3.State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research In-stitute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 4.Department of Meteorology,The Pennsylvania State University,University Park,PA 16802 5.State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology Resource,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China | 2008 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2008，，1： | 44 |
| 5 | Newly-generated Daliangshan Fault Zone—Shortcutting on the central section of Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system显示文摘The Daliangshan fault zone is the eastern branch in the central section of Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system. It has been neglected for a long time, partly because of no destructive earthquake records along this fault zone. On the other hand, it is located on the remote and inaccessible plateau. So far it was excluded as part of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system. Based on the interpretation of aerophotographs and field investigations, we document this fault zone in detail, and give an estimation of strike-slip rate about 3 mm/a in Late Quaternary together with age dating data. The results suggest that the Daliangshan fault zone is a newly-generated fault zone resulted from shortcutting in the central section of Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system because of the clockwise rotation of the Southeastern Tibetan Crustal Block, which is bounded by the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system. Moreover, the shortcutting may make the Daliangshan fault zone replace the Anninghe and Zemuhe fault zones gradually, and finally, the later two fault zones will probably die out with the continuous clockwise rotation. | IKEDA Yasutaka TOGO Masayoshi TAJIKARA Masayoshi ECHIGO Tomoo OKADA Shinsuke | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，9： | 23 |
| 6 | The ^(40) Ar/^(39) Ar age and its significance of the crossite from the blueschists in the mid-Qiangtang Area, Tibet显示文摘1 Sampling background and dating means THE blueschists in the mid-Qiangtang area are situated in Guoganjianian Mt., Qoum Mt., Naro, Qiagelela, etc. They are distributed east-westward, up to 300 km long. Their northern flank is the plate suture zone of Longmu Co-Shuanghu. The mother rocks of the blueschists are the late Carboniferous sandstones, siltstones, basalts, few sandwiching limestones, many ice-sea mix-conglomerates, etc. | LICaiGeological Department, Changchun University of Earth Science, Changchun 130026, China | 1997 | Chinese Science Bulletin1997，42，1： | 21 |
| 7 | Chronology and geochemistry of the volcanic rocks in Woruo Mountain region,Northern Qiangtang depression:Implications to the Late Triassic volcanic-sedimentary events显示文摘A suite of sedimentary-volcaniclastic rocks intercalated with the volcanic rocks unconformably overlies the Triassic Xiaochaka Formation in the Woruo Mountain region, Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet. The vitric tuff from the base of these strata gives a SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age of 216 ± 4.5 Ma, which represents the age of the Late Triassic volcanic-sedimentary events in the Woruo Mountain region, and is consistent with that of the formation of the volcanic rocks from the Nadi Kangri Formation in the Nadigangri-Shishui River zone. There is a striking similarity in geochemical signatures of the volcanic rocks from the Woruo Mountain region and its adjacent Nadigangri-Shishui River zone, indicating that all the volcanic rocks from the Qiangtang region might have the same magmatic source and similar tectonic setting during the Late Triassic. The proper recognition of the Late Triassic large-scale volcanic eruption and volcanic-sedimentary events has important implications for the interpretation of the Late Triassic biotic extinction, climatic changes and regressive events in the eastern Tethyan domain, as well as the understanding of the initiation and nature, and sedimentary features of the Qiangtang Basin during the Late Triassic-Jurassic. | WANG Jian FU XiuGen CHEN WenXi WANG ZhengJiang TAN FuWen CHEN Ming ZHUO JieWen | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，2： | 21 |
| 8 | First fossil record of Cedrelospermum (Ulmaceae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Implications for morphological evolution and biogeography显示文摘Cedrelospermum Saporta is an extinct genus in the Ulmaceae with abundant fossil records in North America and Europe. However, so far, fossil records of this genus from Asia are sparse, which limits the interpretations of the morphological evolution and biogeographical history of the genus. Here we report well‐preserved fruits (Cedrelospermum tibeticum sp. nov.) and a leaf (Cedrelospermum sp.) of Cedrelospermum from the upper Oligocene Lunpola and Nyima basins in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP). This is the first fossil record of Cedrelospermum in the QTP, showing that this genus grew in this region during the late Oligocene. Cedrelospermum tibeticum fruits are double‐winged, morphologically similar to the Eocene and Oligocene double‐winged Cedrelospermum species from North America. This supports the hypothesis that Cedrelospermum migrated to Asia from North America by way of the Bering Land Bridge. Given that Cedrelospermum was a typical element of Northern Hemispheric flora in the Paleogene and Neogene, the presence of this genus indicates that the central region of the QTP was phytogeographically linked with other parts of the Northern Hemisphere during the late Oligocene. The morphological observations of C. tibeticum fruits and other double‐winged Cedrelospermum fruits suggest an evolutionary trend from obtuse to acute apex for the primary wing. Cedrelospermum tibeticum likely had warm and wet climatic requirements. This type of an environment possibly existed in the central QTP in the late Oligocene, thereby supporting the survival of C. tibeticum. | Lin-Bo Jia Tao Su Yong-Jiang Huang Fei-Xiang Wu Tao Deng Zhe-Kun Zhou | 2019 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2019，57，2： | 16 |
| 9 | Distinctive melt activity and chromite mineralization in Luobusa and Purang ophiolites, southern Tibet: constraints from trace element compositions of chromite and olivine显示文摘To investigate the factors controlling the mineralization in ophiolites we systematically compared the petrology and mineral compositions of the harzburgites/lherzolites, dunites and chromitites in the Luobusa and Purang ophiolites. Generally, the petrological features and trace element compositions of chromite and olivine in peridotite and chromitite are distinctly different between the two ophiolites.In Luobusa, boninitic melts are inferred to have interacted with the harzburgites and modified the distributions of some trace elements(e.g., Ni, Mn and V) in chromite and olivine. The subsequently formed dunites and chromitites experienced significant elemental exchange. In contrast, the Purang ophiolite contains a wider range of chromitite compositions and records diverse melt activities, such as the growth of relatively abundant secondary clinopyroxene. The metasomatic melts were enriched in Al and depleted in Si, Na and highly incompatible trace elements(e.g., Nb, Zr). Such melts resemble MORBlike melts proposed in the literature but are assumed to be more hydrous than typical MORB because of presence of hydrous minerals. The parental magmas of the Purang dunites and intermediate chromitites are inferred to be compositionally intermediate between boninitic and MORB-like melts. In addition,the more refractory nature of the Luobusa harzburgites facilitated a high Cr concentration gradient with the interacting melts, making it easier to increase Cr in the melts. Crystallization of clinopyroxene and amphibole in the Purang ophiolite accommodated significant amounts of Cr and water, respectively,and negatively affected Cr concentration and chromite crystallization. The concentration of chromite to form chromitites requires the presence of focused melt channels. | Benxun Su Meifu Zhou Jiejun Jing Paul T. Robinson Chen Chen Yan Xiao Xia Liu Rendeng Shi Davide Lenaz Yan Hu | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，2： | 15 |
| 10 | Post-collisional magmatism in Wuyu basin,central Tibet:evidence for recycling of subducted Tethyan oceanic crust显示文摘The trachyte and basaltic trachyte and intruded granite-porphyry of Gazacun formation of Wuyu Group in central Tibet are Neogene shoshonitic rocks. They are rich in LREE, with a weak to significant Eu negative anomalies. The enriched Rb, Th, U, K, negative HFS elements Nb, Ta, Ti and P, and Sr, Nd and Pb isotope geochemistry suggest that the volcanic rocks of Wuyu Group originated from the partial melting of lower crust of the Gangdese belt, with the involvement of the Tethyan oceanic crust. It implies that the north-subducted Tethys ocean crust have arrived to the lower crust of Gangdese belt and recycled in the Neogene magmatism. | 赵志丹 莫宣学 张双全 郭铁鹰 周肃 董国臣 王勇 | 2001 | Science China Earth Sciences2001，44，S1： | 14 |
| 11 | Cenozoic topography,monsoons and biodiversity conservation within the Tibetan Region:An evolving story显示文摘The biodiversity of the Himalaya,Hengduan Mountains and Tibet,here collectively termed the Tibetan Region,is exceptional in a global context.To contextualize and understand the origins of this biotic richness,and its conservation value,we examine recent fossil finds and review progress in understanding the orogeny of the Tibetan Region.We examine the deep-time origins of monsoons affecting Asia,climate variation over different timescales,and the establishment of environmental niche heterogeneity linked to topographic development.The origins of the modern biodiversity were established in the Eocene,concurrent with the formation of pronounced topographic relief across the Tibetan Region.High(>4 km)mountains to the north and south of what is now the Tibetan Plateau bounded a Paleogene central lowland(<2.5 km)hosting moist subtropical vegetation influenced by an intensifying monsoon.In mid Miocene times,before the Himalaya reached their current elevation,sediment infilling and compressional tectonics raised the floor of the central valley to above 3000 m,but central Tibet was still moist enough,and low enough,to host a warm temperate angiosperm-dominated woodland.After 15 Ma,global cooling,the further rise of central Tibet,and the rain shadow cast by the growing Himalaya,progressively led to more open,herb-rich vegetation as the modern high plateau formed with its cool,dry climate.In the moist monsoonal Hengduan Mountains,high and spatially extensive since the Eocene but subsequently deeply dissected by river incision,Neogene cooling depressed the tree line,compressed altitudinal zonation,and created strong environmental heterogeneity.This served as a cradle for the then newly-evolving alpine biota and favoured diversity within more thermophilic vegetation at lower elevations.This diversity has survived through a combination of minimal Quaternary glaciation,and complex relief-related environmental niche heterogeneity.The great antiquity and diversity of the Tibetan Region biota argues for its conservation,and the importance of that biota is demonstrated through our insights into its long temporal gestation provided by fossil archives and information written in surviving genomes.These data sources are worthy of conservation in their own right,but for the living biotic inventory we need to ask what it is we want to conserve.Is it 1)individual taxa for their intrinsic properties,2)their services in functioning ecosystems,or 3)their capacity to generate future new biodiversity?If 2 or 3 are our goal then landscape conservation at scale is required,and not just seed banks or botanical/zoological gardens. | Robert A.Spicer Alexander Farnsworth Tao Su | 2020 | Plant Diversity2020，42，4： | 14 |
| 12 | Climatic and lake environmental changes in the Serling Co region of Tibet over a variety of timescales显示文摘The Serling Co region is located at the transitional zone of the interaction between the Indian monsoon and the westerlies over the Tibetan Plateau. The Serling Co lake covers a water area of2,389 km2(June 2017) in a 45,530 km2drainage basin. Under the dramatic hydro-meteorological changes on the Tibetan Plateau in recent decades, and complex hydrological compositions of rivers and lakes in the basin, the lake area expanded by 43%, from1,667 km2in 1976, to 2,389 km2in 2017 (1)In 2014 it surpassed Nam Co as the largest lake on the Tibetan Plateau [2], and exerts significant effect on regional environmental conditions. | Liping Zhu Junbo Wang Jianting Ju Ning Ma Yinsheng Zhang Chong Liu Boping Han Linshan Liu Mingda Wang Qingfeng Ma | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，7： | 13 |
| 13 | Mineral chemistry, P-T-t paths and exhumation processes of mafic granulites in Dinggye, Southern Tibet显示文摘The mafic granulites in Dinggye, as various scale lense-shaped enclaves within the high Himalayan crystalline rock series, occur along mylonitic foliations at the junction between the Southern Tibetan Detachment System (STDS) and the Xainza-Dinggye normal fault system. The main lithological assemblage comprises garnet plagioclase pyroxenite, garnet two-pyroxene granulite, pyroxene garnet amphibolite and so on. The detailed petrological analyses show that these mafic granulites underwent at least four-stage metamorphic evolution. The first metamor-phic stage, the garnet+clinopyroxene+quart mineral assemblage (M1) was probably formed un-der eclogite facies, the second stage, the plagioclase+clinopyroxene symplectite mineral as-semblage (M2) was produced under high-pressure granulite facies by the early decompressive breakdown of M1 mineral assemblage, the third stage, the plagioclase+clinopyroxene+ hypersthene symplectite mineral assemblage (M3) was formed at granulite facies by the late period decompressive breakdown of M1 and M2 mineral assemblages and the final stage, pla-gioclase+hornblende mineral assemblage (M4) was formed by hydrolysis of earlier mineral as-semblages during late uplifting. The detailed mineral composition analyses suggest that garnets and clinopyroxenes within M1 and M2 mineral assemblages display similar compositions to the equivalents in the B and C types of eclogites, whereas the M3 clinopyroxenes are akin to these of the same kind of minerals in the granulite. These mineral chemistry features and P-T estimates calculated by mineral thermometers and barometers indicate that the early stage relic porphyro-blasts (M1) could be formed at the eclogite facies, the early decompressive breakdown (M2) occurred at the high-pressures granulite facies of 1.35―1.48 GPa and 625―675℃, the M3 mineral assemblage recorded the granulite facies of 0.7―0.95 GPa and 775―900℃ and M4 plagioglase+hornblende retrograde mineral assemblage was produced under the amphibolite facies metamorphism with pressure of 0.4 to 0.75 GPa and temperature at between 660 and 700℃. These construct P-T paths from crustal subduction overthickening to tectonic uplift tectono-thermal evolution. The mineral chemical characteristics and P-T condition at every metamorphic stage of these granulites indicate that these rocks experienced the eclogite facies metamorphism during the early stage. Subsequently, these mafic granulites underwent the three-stage exhuma-tion of the eclogite facies tectonic uplift, isostatic uplift related to the transformation from ec-logite/high-pressure granulite to granulite facies and extensional uplift. | LIU Shuwen ZHANG Jinjiang SHU Guiming LI Qiugen | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，11： | 13 |
| 14 | Zircon U-Pb Geochronological Constraints on Rapid Exhumation of the Mantle Peridotite of the Xigaze Ophiolite, Southern Xizang(Tibet)显示文摘The Xigaze ophiolite crops out in the central segment of the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone,southern Tibet(Fig.1).It is characterized by large amounts of ultramafic units with minor mafic rocks.The mafic rocks consist of gabbros, | LIU Tong WU Fuyuan ZHANG Liangliang ZHAI Qingguo LIU Chuanzhou JI Wenbin Ji ZHANG Chang XUYang | 2016 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2016，90，S1： | 12 |
| 15 | Conductivity structure and rheological property of lithosphere in Southern Tibet inferred from super-broadband magnetotelluric sounding显示文摘To understand deep lithosphere structure beneath the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau more comprehensively and objectively and to explore important scientific issues,such as characteristics of plateau lithospheric deformation,state of strain,thermal structure,plate (or terrane) movement,and crust-mantle rheology,it is necessary to research the variation of crust-mantle electrical structure in the east-west direction in every geological unit.For this purpose,six super-broadband magnetotelluric (MT) sounding profiles have been completed by INDEPTH-MT Project in the Himalayas-Southern Tibet.Based on the imaging results from the six profiles,three-dimensional electrical conductivity structure of the crust and upper mantle has been analyzed for the research area.The result shows that the high-conductivity layers in the middle and lower crust exist widely in Southern Tibet,which extend discontinuously for more than 1000 km in the east-west direction and become thinner,shallower and more resistive toward the big turning of the Yarlung Zangbo River.The discussion on the rheology of lithosphere in Southern Tibet suggests that the mid-lower crust there is of high electrical conductivity,implying the existence of 'partial-melt' and 'hot fluid' in the thick crust of Tibet,which make the medium hot,soft,and plastic,or even able to flow.Combining the experimental result of petrophysics and the MT data,we estimate the melting percentage of the crustal material to be up to 5%-14%,which would reduce the viscosity of aplite in the crust to meet the flow condition;but for granite,it is likely not enough to cause such a change in rheology. | Martyn UNSWORTH Alan G.JONES | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，2： | 11 |
| 16 | Prevalence and risk factors for eye diseases, blindness, and low vision in Lhasa, Tibet显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for eye diseases, blindness, and low vision in Tibet, and to assist the development of eye disease prevention and treatment schemes.METHODS: We carried out a survey of eye diseases among a population living at high altitude. A total of 1 115 Tibetan permanent residents aged 40 years or older from the towns and villages of Qushui County, Lhasa Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, participated in this study. All participants completed a detailed questio-nnaire, and underwent presenting and pinhole visual acuity tests,and a comprehensive ophthalmic examination.RESULTS: There were 187 blind eyes (8.43%), 231 eyes with low vision (10.41% ). The leading cause of visual impairment was cataract of 55.0% (101/187) blindness and of 50.2% (116/231) low vision, followed by fundus lesions of 22.9% blindness and 23.8% low vision, while only a low prevalence of glaucoma of 9.6% blindness and 1.7% low vision was observed. The analysis of 2 219 eyes showed that the most common external eye disease was pterygium (27.2%) in Tibet.CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of blindness and low vision in the Tibetan population at high altitude is a serious public health issue. There is a need to establish and maintain an appropriate effective eye care program in Tibet. | Gui-Qin Wang Zong-Xi Bai Jing Shi Sang Luo Hong-Fa Chang Xiao-Yong Sai | 2013 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2013，6，2： | 11 |
| 17 | Discovery of high-pressure basic granulite in Namjagbarwa area, Tibet, China显示文摘Recently, a series of basic granulite enclosures are found in the granulite gneisses along the right side of the Yarlung Zangbo River, lying west of the Namjagbarwa Mountain. Es-pecially, some high-pressure granulite enclosures have been discovered in eastern gully of the Zhibei village. To the northwest of the high-pressure granulite belt there occur Yarlung Zangbo ophiolite zone. Southeastward the granulites change into amphibolite and green-schist facies rocks, which constitute a complete lower crust section. | 钟大赉 丁林 | 1996 | Chinese Science Bulletin1996，41，1： | 11 |
| 18 | Postcrystallization thermal evolution history of Gangdese batholithic zone and its tectonic implication显示文摘Using cooling curves of K-feldspars obtained by using specific 40Ar/39Ar stepe heating procedure and multiple diffusion domain modeling (MDD model), together with results of dating hornblends, biotite, and apatite, further work has been done to examine the characteristics of the postcrystallization thermal evolution history of Gangdese batholithic zone, to compare the starting times of rapid cooling events with the variation regularities of apatite fission track (FT) ages in the eastern and western parts of Gangdese batholithic zone, and to provide the evidence for mass transport and energy transfers in the lithosphere after the collision between Indian and Eurasian plates. | 陈文寄 李齐 郝杰 周新华 万京林 孙敏 | 1999 | Science China Earth Sciences1999，42，1： | 10 |
| 19 | Geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotope characteristics of tonalites in Zêtang,Tibet:New evidence for intra-Tethyan subduction显示文摘Tonalites from the island arc rock assemblage in the Zêtang segment of the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone were analyzed for major,trace elements (including REE) and Sr-Nd isotope. The experimental data demonstrate that the tonalites have the adakite-like characteristics,including high SiO2 (58%―63%),Al2O3 (18.4%―22.4%),Sr (810×10 6―940×10 6),Sr/Y (77―106),low HREE (Y=9×10 6―11×10 6,Yb= 1×10 6―1.3×10 6),with LREE enrichment and faint Eu positive anomaly. ISr (0.70421―0.70487) is rela-tively low whereas 143Nd/144Nd (0.512896―0.512929) and εNd(t) values (+6.7―+7.3) are high. These fea-tures suggest that Zêtang tonalites were formed by the partial melting of subducted oceanic crust,with involvement of a small amount of oceanic sediments. The identification of Zêtang adakites,derived from slab melting,presents new evidence for the intra-Tethyan subduction and the previous sugges-tion about the existence of intra-oceanic island arc within Tethys. | WEI DongLiang XIA Bin ZHOU GuoQing YAN Jun WANG Ran ZHONG LiFeng | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，6： | 9 |
| 20 | Why ‘the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau’ is a myth显示文摘The often-used phrase‘the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau’implies a flat-surfaced Tibet rose as a coherent entity,and that uplift was driven entirely by the collision and northward movement of India.Here,we argue that these are misconceptions derived in large part from simplistic geodynamic and climate modeling,as well as proxy misinterpretation.The growth of Tibet was a complex process involving mostly Mesozoic collisions of several Gondwanan terranes with Asia,thickening the crust and generating complex relief before the arrival of India.In this review,Earth system modeling,paleoaltimetry proxies and fossil finds contribute to a new synthetic view of the topographic evolution of Tibet.A notable feature overlooked in previous models of plateau formation was the persistence through much of the Cenozoic of a wide east–west orientated deep central valley,and the formation of a plateau occurred only in the late Neogene through compression and internal sedimentation. | Robert A.Spicer Tao Su Paul J.Valdes Alexander Farnsworth Fei-Xiang Wu Gongle Shi Teresa E.V.Spicer Zhekun Zhou | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，1： | 9 |
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