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| 1 | 中国心脏死亡器官捐献工作指南(第2版)显示文摘一、目的为规范心脏死亡器官捐献(donation after cardiac death,DCD)行为,保障器官捐献者的合法权益,中华医学会器官移植学分会根据《人体器官移植条例》等相关法律、法规,并借鉴国外经验,结合我国国情,制订了《中国心脏死亡器官捐献指南》(以下简称“《指南》”),目的是在尊重捐献者权益的基础上,建立一个合法的、符合医学伦理的临床应用程序, | | 2011 | 中华器官移植杂志2011，32，12： | 167 |
| 2 | The molecular machinery of regulated cell death显示文摘Cells may die from accidental cell death(ACD)or regulated cell death(RCD).ACD is a biologically uncontrolled process,whereas RCD involves tightly structured signaling cascades and molecularly defined effector mechanisms.A growing number of novel nonapoptotic forms of RCD have been identified and are increasingly being implicated in various human pathologies.Here,we critically review the current state of the art regarding non-apoptotic types of RCD,including necroptosis,pyroptosis,ferroptosis,entotic cell death,netotic cell death,parthanatos,lysosome-dependent cell death,autophagy-dependent cell death,alkaliptosis and oxeiptosis.The in-depth comprehension of each of these lethal subroutines and their intercellular consequences may uncover novel therapeutic targets for the avoidanee of pathogenic cell loss. | Daolin Tang Rui Kang Tom Vanden Berghe Peter Vandenabeele Guido Kroemer | 2019 | Cell Research2019，29，5： | 143 |
| 3 | 中国心脏死亡器官捐献工作指南显示文摘一、目的 为规范心脏死亡器官捐献(donation after cardiac death,DCD)行为,保障器官捐献者的合法权益,中国人体器官捐献委员会(China Organ Donation Committee,CODC)根据《人体器官移植条例》等相关法律、法规制订一个全国统一的DCD指南,目的是建立一个符合伦理和可操作的程序,在尊重患者权利的基础上,提出实施DCD时合法的、符合伦理的、医学上可接受的建议,期望避免任何可能对患者、患者家属、受者和医护队伍造成的伤害。 | | 2010 | 中华器官移植杂志2010，，7： | 64 |
| 4 | Autophagy and multidrug resistance in cancer显示文摘Multidrug resistance(MDR) occurs frequently after long-term chemotherapy, resulting in refractory cancer and tumor recurrence.Therefore, combatting MDR is an important issue. Autophagy, a self-degradative system, universally arises during the treatment of sensitive and MDR cancer. Autophagy can be a double-edged sword for MDR tumors: it participates in the development of MDR and protects cancer cells from chemotherapeutics but can also kill MDR cancer cells in which apoptosis pathways are inactive. Autophagy induced by anticancer drugs could also activate apoptosis signaling pathways in MDR cells, facilitating MDR reversal. Therefore, research on the regulation of autophagy to combat MDR is expanding and is becoming increasingly important. We summarize advanced studies of autophagy in MDR tumors, including the variable role of autophagy in MDR cancer cells. | Ying-Jie Li Yu-He Lei Nan Yao Chen-Ran Wang Nan Hu Wen-Cai Ye Dong-Mei Zhang Zhe-Sheng Chen | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2017，36，8： | 54 |
| 5 | 从心源性猝死谈建立家庭自助急救体系显示文摘心源性猝死(Sudden Cardiac Death,SCD)系指心脏原因所致的突然死亡。美国每年大约有30-40万人死于SCD,占猝死总人数的89%,我国约为65%,并有逐年上升趋势。资料显示,从目击者发现SCD患者到专业急救人员赶赴现场平均时间为9min,而SCD患者只有在4min内得到及时的心肺复苏(CPR)才有望生还;由于专业急救半径过长,将使大部分患者因得不到早期救治而死亡。英美等国每年心源性猝死80%发生于家中,因其民众CPR普及率高, | 王立祥 郑静晨 | 2009 | 中国急救医学2009，29，5： | 24 |
| 6 | Liver transplantation: Current status and challenges显示文摘Great progress has been made in the field of liver transplantation over the past two decades. This progress, however, also brings up the next set of challenges: First, organ shortage remains a major limitation, and accounts for a large proportion of wait list mortality. While living donation has successfully increased the total number of liver transplants done in Asian countries, the total number of such transplants has been stagnant in the western hemisphere. As such, there has been a significant effort over the past decade to increase the existing deceased donor pool. This effort has resulted in a greater use of liver allografts following donation after cardiac death(DCD) along with marginal and extended criteria donors. Improved understanding of the pathophysiology of liver allografts procured after circulatory arrest has not only resulted in better selection and management of DCD donors, but has also helped in the development of mechanical perfusion strategies. Early outcomes demonstrating the clinical applicability of both hypothermic and normothermic perfusion and its potential to impact patient survival and allograft function have generated much interest. Second, long-term outcomes of liver transplant recipients have not improved significantly, as recipients continue to succumb to complications of long-term immunosuppression, such as infection, malignancy and renal failure. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that chronic immune-mediated injury to the liver may also impact graft function. | Caroline C Jadlowiec Timucin Taner | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，18： | 23 |
| 7 | 心脏性猝死显示文摘心脏性猝死(sudden cardiac death,SCD)是指由各种心脏原因引起的自然死亡。发病突然、进展迅速,死亡发生在症状出现后1h内。患者发生猝死事件前可以有心脏疾病表现,但猝死的发生具有无法预测的特点。发生心脏骤停的患者能被成功复苏的机会很小,美国约为15%,而大多国家仅为0—5%。因为绝大多数心脏骤停发生在医院外,不能得到有效的快速治疗干预(如初步的紧急心肺复苏术),仅有发生在医院内或有幸经过初步抢救治疗并及时送至急诊室的心脏骤停患者,有机会得到有效治疗而幸存。因此SCD具有突发、迅速、不可预料和病死率高的特征,是直接危及人们生命的一大杀手。 | 陈柯萍 陈新 | 2007 | 中华心律失常学杂志2007，11，2： | 19 |
| 8 | Dissecting the molecular pathophysiology of drug-induced liver injury显示文摘Drug-induced liver injury(DILI) has become a major topic in the field of Hepatology and Gastroenterology. DILI can be clinically divided into three phenotypes: hepatocytic, cholestatic and mixed. Although the clinical manifestations of DILI are variable and the pathogenesis complicated, recent insights using improved preclinical models, have allowed a better understanding of the mechanisms that trigger liver damage. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying DILI. The toxicity of the drug eventually induces hepatocellular damage through multiple molecular pathways, including direct hepatic toxicity and innate and adaptive immune responses. Drugs or their metabolites, such as the common analgesic, acetaminophen, can cause direct hepatic toxicity through accumulation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. The innate and adaptive immune responses play also a very important role in the occurrence of idiosyncratic DILI. Furthermore, we examine common forms of hepatocyte death and their association with the activation of specific signaling pathways. | Hui Ye Leonard J Nelson Manuel Gómez del Moral Eduardo Martínez-Naves Francisco Javier Cubero | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，13： | 19 |
| 9 | Cuproptosis:a copper-triggered modality of mitochondrial cell death显示文摘Various heavy metals can induce regulated cell death through different subroutines.A recent study published in Science found that intracellular copper accumulation triggers the aggregation of mitochondrial lipoylated proteins and the destabilization of Fe–S cluster proteins,leading to a unique type of cell death termed cuproptosis.Beyond classical apoptosis,several forms of regulated cell death(RCD)have been identified.These RCD subroutines differ in the initiating stimuli,intermediate activation events,and end effectors.1 Heavy metal ions are essential micronutrients,but either insufficient or excessive abundance of metals can trigger cell death.For example,ferroptosis has been defined as an iron-dependent form of oxidative cell death caused by unrestricted lipid peroxidation.2 Surprisingly,a recent study by Tsvetkov and colleagues showed that intracellular copper(Cu)induces a novel form of RCD that is different from oxidative stress-related cell death(e.g.,apoptosis,ferroptosis,and necroptosis)and has been termed“cuproptosis”.3 In contrast,mitochondrial stress,especially the aggregation of lipoylated mitochondrial enzymes and the loss of Fe–S cluster proteins,ignites cuproptosis(Fig.1). | Daolin Tang Xin Chen Guido Kroemer | 2022 | Cell Research2022，32，5： | 19 |
| 10 | Circular RNA PIP5K1A promotes colon cancer development through inhibiting mi R-1273a显示文摘BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are considered to be highly stable due to the closed structure, which are predominately correlated with the development and progression of a wide variety of cancers. Colon cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. A recent study demonstrated the upregulated expression of circPIP5K1A in non-small cell lung cancer. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between circ_0014130 level and colon cancer. Therefore, elucidating the underlying mechanisms of circPIP5K1A’s role may help with the identification of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for colon cancer. AIM To investigate the status of circPIP5K1A in colon cancers and its effects on the modulation of cancer development. METHODS The expression level of circPIP5K1A in tissue and serum samples from colon cancer patients, as well as human colonic cancer cell lines was detected by realtime quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Following the transfection of specifically synthesized small interfering RNA (siRNA) into colon cell lines, we used Hoechst staining assay to measure the ratio of cell death in the absence of circPIP5K1A. Moreover, we also used the Transwell assay to assess the migratory function of colon cells overexpressing circPIP5K1A. Additionally, we employed a series of bioinformatics prediction programs to predict the potential of circPIP5K1A-targeted miRNAs and mRNAs. The miR-1273a vector was constructed, and then transfected with or without circPIP5K1A vector into colon cancer cells. Afterwards, the expression of activator protein 1 (AP-1), interferon regulating factor 4 (IRF-4), caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX-2), and zinc finger of the cerebellum 1 (Zic-1) was detected by western blotting. RESULTS CircPIP5K1A was significantly upregulated in colon cancer tissue relative to their adjacent normal tissues. Knockdown of circPIP5K1A in colon cancer cells impaired cell viability and suppressed cell invasion and migration, while enforced expression of circPIP5K1A exhibited the opposite effects on cell migration. Bioinformatics prediction program predicted that the association of circPIP5K1A with miR-1273a, as well as AP-1, IRF-4, CDX-2, and Zic-1. Subsequent studies showed that overexpression of circPIP5K1A augmented the expression of AP-1 but attenuated the expression of IRF-4, CDX-2, and Zic-1. Reciprocally, overexpression of miR-1273a abrogated the oncogenic function of circPIP5K1A in colon cancers. CONCLUSION Overall, our data demonstrate the oncogenic role of circPIP5K1A-miR-1273a axis in regulation of colon cancer development, which provides a novel insights into colon cancer pathogenesis. | Qu Zhang Chi Zhang Jian-Xin Ma Hui Ren Yu Sun Jiao-Zhen Xu | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，35： | 18 |
| 11 | Toward targeting inflammasomes: insights into their regulation and activation显示文摘Inflammasomes are multi-component signaling complexes critical to the initiation of pyroptotic cell death in response to invading pathogens and cellular damage.A number of innate immune receptors have been reported to serve as inflammasome sensors.Activation of these sensors leads to the proteolytic activation of caspase-1,a proinflammatory caspase responsible for the cleavage of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 and the effector of pyroptotic cell death,gasdermin D.Though crucial to the innate immune response to infection,dysregulation of inflammasome activation can lead to the development of inflammatory diseases,neurodegeneration,and cancer.Therefore,clinical interest in the modulation of inflammasome activation is swiftly growing.As such,it is imperative to develop a mechanistic understanding of the regulation of these complexes.In this review,we divide the regulation of inflammasome activation into three parts.We discuss the transcriptional regulation of inflammasome components and related proteins,the post-translational mechanisms of inflammasome activation,and advances in the understanding of the structural basis of inflammasome activation. | Shelbi Christgen David E.Place Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti | 2020 | Cell Research2020，30，4： | 17 |
| 12 | Ventricular repolarization markers for predicting malignant arrhythmias in clinical practice显示文摘Malignant cardiac arrhythmias which result in sudden cardiac death may be present in individuals apparently healthy or be associated with other medical conditions. The way to predict their appearance represents a challenge for the medical community due to the tragic outcomes in most cases. In the last two decades some ventricular repolarization(VR) markers have been found to be useful to predict malignant cardiac arrhythmias in several clinical conditions. The corrected QT, QT dispersion, Tpeak-Tend, Tpeak-Tend dispersion and Tp-e/QT have been studied and implemented in clinical practice for this purpose. These markers are obtained from 12 lead surface electrocardiogram. In this review we discuss how these markers have demonstrated to be effective to predict malignant arrhythmias in medical conditions such as long and short QT syndromes, Brugada syndrome, early repolarization syndrome, acute myocardial ischemia, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and highly trained athletes. Also the main pathophysiological mechanisms that explain the arrhythmogenic predisposition in these diseases and the basis for the VR markers are discussed. However, the same results have not been found in all conditions. Further studies are needed to reach a global consensus in order to incorporate these VR parameters in risk stratification of these patients. | Yaniel Castro-Torres Raimundo Carmona-Puerta Richard E Katholi | 2015 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2015，3，8： | 16 |
| 13 | Burden of colorectal cancer in China, 1990-2017: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017显示文摘Objective: Our goal is to analyze the trend of colorectal cancer(CRC) regarding the death, incidence and prevalence rates over time, and to provide epidemiological knowledge basis for health policy revision by comparing data about fatal outcomes of CRC in 2017 to those data in 1990, which was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD).Methods: The time trend and changes of CRC burden from 1990 to 2017 were measured by using the methods and results from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation(IHME) GBD 2017, based on the rates of death,incidence and prevalence.Results: The death rate of CRC is 13.24/100,000, accounting for 1.79% of total deaths in China in 2017. In1990, CRC ranked 21 st in all causes of death in China compared to its 11 th ranking in 2017. The death, incidence and prevalence rate of CRC were standardized by the age scale of the global population in 2010, the change of standardized death rate of CRC was not significant, from 9.33/100,000 in 1990 to 10.10/100,000 in 2017. The standardized incidence rate of CRC significantly increased from 12.18/100,000 in 1990 to 22.42/100,000 in 2017.The standardized prevalence rate of CRC significantly increased from 44.55/100,000 in 1990 to 118.40/100,000 in2017. The trend of the prevalence rate in both genders grow higher in 2017 compared to the 1990, resulting in141.6%, 209.8% and 189.0% for the studied three age groups(15-49, 50-69 and 70+ years old), respectively. The death rate increased in the age groups of 50-69 and 70+ years in both genders(8.6% and 31.0% respectively), in contrast to a decrease of death rate in the age group of 15-49 years old(-10.8%).Conclusions: China experienced a stunning increase in terms of incidence and prevalence rate of CRC from1990 to 2017. To decrease the burden of CRC, prevention and management of known risk factors should be promoted through national polices. | Jie Yin Zhigang Bai Jun Zhang Zhi Zheng Hongwei Yao Pengpeng Ye Jun Li Xin Gao Zhongtao Zhang | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2019，31，3： | 16 |
| 14 | Ferroptosis:mechanisms and links with diseases显示文摘Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death,which is different from apoptosis,necrosis,autophagy,and other forms of cell death.The process of feroptotic cell death is defined by the accumulation of lethal lipid species derived from the peroxidation of lipids,which can be prevented by iron chelators(e.g.deferiprone,deferoxamine)and small lipophilic antioxidants(e.g,ferrostatin,liproxstatin).This review summarizes current knowledge about the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis and its association withseveral pathways,including iron,lipid,and cysteine metabolism.We have further discussed the contribution of ferroptosis to thepathogenesis of several diseases such as cancer,ischemia/reperfusion,and various neurodegenerative diseases(e.g.Alzheimersdisease and Parkinson's disease),and evaluated the therapeutic applications of ferroptosis inhibitors in clinics. | Hong-fa Yan Ting Zou Qing-zhang Tuo Shuo Xu Hua Li Abdel Ali Belaidi Peng Lei | 2021 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2021，6，3： | 16 |
| 15 | 非小细胞肺癌免疫治疗新兴生物标志物:肿瘤突变负荷及相关研究进展显示文摘程序性死亡分子1(programmed death 1,PD-1)及其配体(programmed death-ligand 1, PD-L1)的抑制剂在包括晚期非小细胞肺癌在内的多种恶性肿瘤临床治疗中已取得了突破性进展.为了更准确地寻找到适合免疫治疗的目标人群,除目前已广泛使用的PD-L1表达检测之外,研究者还在探索更多可用于预测免疫治疗疗效的生物标志物.多项临床试验表明肿瘤突变负荷(tumor mutation burden,TMB)与T淋巴细胞识别抗原及免疫治疗有效性呈正相关,可用于预测PD-(L)1抑制剂的疗效.该综述整理分析了TMB作为非小细胞肺癌免疫治疗标志物的发展过程和应用价值,以及其他相关生物标志物的研究进展,以期帮助临床医师选择合适的生物标志物来筛选能够从PD-(L)1抑制剂治疗中获益的患者. | 马杰 曾瑄 张波 | 2019 | 中华病理学杂志2019，48，12： | 15 |
| 16 | Evaluation of the updated definition of early allograft dysfunction in donation after brain death and donation after cardiac death liver allografts显示文摘BACKGROUND:An updated definition of early allograft dysfunction(EAD) was recently validated in a multicenter study of 300 deceased donor liver transplant recipients.This analysis did not differentiate between donation after brain death(DBD) and donation after cardiac death(DCD) allograft recipients.METHODS:We reviewed our prospectively entered database for all DBD(n=377) and DCD(n=38) liver transplantations between January 1,2006 and October 30,2011.The incidence of EAD as well as its ability to predict graft failure and survival was compared between DBD and DCD groups.RESULTS:EAD was a valid predictor of both graft and patient survival at six months in DBD allograft recipients,but in DCD allograft recipients there was no significant difference in the rate of graft failure in those with EAD(11.5%) compared with those without EAD(16.7%)(P=0.664) or in the rate of death in recipients with EAD(3.8%) compared with those without EAD(8.3%)(P=0.565).The graft failure rate in the first 6 months in those with international normalized ratio ≥1.6 on day 7 who received a DCD allograft was 37.5% compared with 6.7% for those with international normalized ratio <1.6 on day 7(P=0.022).CONCLUSIONS:The recently validated definition of EAD is a valid predictor of patient and graft survival in recipients of DBD allografts.On initial assessment,it does not appear to be a useful predictor of patient and graft survival in recipients of DCD allografts,however a study with a larger sample size of DCD allografts is needed to confirm these findings.The high ALT/AST levels in most recipients of DCD livers as well as the predisposition to biliary complications and early cholestasis make these parameters as poor predictors of graft failure.An alternative definition of EAD that gives greater weight to the INR on day 7 may be more relevant in this population. | Kris P Croome William Wall Douglas Quan Sai Vangala Vivian McAlister Paul Marotta Roberto Hernandez-Alejandro | 2012 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2012，11，4： | 15 |
| 17 | 肝移植术后并发症的防治现状及进展显示文摘近年来,由于公民逝世后器官捐献(donation after citizen’s death,DCD)工作的快速发展,使我国成为仅次于美国的世界第二大器官移植国家,器官移植的数量和质量都取得了很大的进步。2017年我国大陆地区共开展了肝脏移植(含亲体)4732例。由于器官来源的构成变化,肝移植术后并发症的种类和发病率也较以往有了很大的不同。除了排斥反应外,肝移植术后并发症主要包括感染、胆道、血管相关并发症等,现对其防治现状及研究进展情况进行简要总结。 | 王正昕 钦伦秀 | 2018 | 中国普外基础与临床杂志2018，25，9： | 15 |
| 18 | 中国AED布局与投放专家共识显示文摘1背景心源性猝死(sudden cardiac death,SCD)是由于各种心脏原因所致的突然死亡,早期表现常无典型性,患者突然出现心脏骤停等表现。据报道,我国每年发生心源性猝死的患者约为54.4万。当患者发生心脏骤停时,抢救非常重要,抢救时间每延迟1 min,其生存率会降低7%~10%。而心脏骤停多发生在院外的公共场所,其高发地点主要有公共运动场所、交通枢纽(如机场、火车站、地铁站)、大型购物中心和工厂等。因此,院外心脏骤停(out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,OHCA)的抢救对于保障公众的生命安全非常重要。 | 无 吕传柱 张华 陈松 刘笑然 田国刚 颜时姣 | 2020 | 中华急诊医学杂志2020，29，8： | 15 |
| 19 | 美国大城市的死与生 | 简.雅各布斯 金衡山 | 2012 | 安家2012，0，06X： | 14 |
| 20 | Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis:A comprehensive review显示文摘Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that target downregulators of the anti-cancer immune response: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, programmed cell death protein-1, and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1.ICIs have revolutionized the treatment of a variety of malignancies. However,many immune-related adverse events have also been described which mainly occurs as the immune system becomes less suppressed, affecting various organs including the gastrointestinal tract and causing diarrhea and colitis. The incidence of immune-mediated colitis(IMC) ranges from 1%-25% depending on the type of ICI and if used in combination. Endoscopically and histologically there is a significant overlap between IMC and inflammatory bowel disease,however more neutrophilic inflammation without chronic inflammation is usually present in IMC. Corticosteroids are recommended for grade 2 or more severe colitis while holding the immunotherapy. About one third to two thirds of patients are steroid refractory and benefit from infliximab. Recently vedolizumab has been found to be efficacious in steroid and infliximab refractory cases. While in grade 4 colitis, the immunotherapy is permanently discontinued, the decision is controversial in grade 3 colitis. | Aniruddh Som Rohan Mandaliya Dana Alsaadi Maham Farshidpour Aline Charabaty Nidhi Malhotra Mark C Mattar | 2019 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2019，7，4： | 14 |
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