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| 1 | Study on BaTiO_3 films prepared by AC power microarc oxidation显示文摘BaTiO3 films were prepared by microarc oxidation (MAO) with an in-house built alternating current (AC) power supply in Ba(OH)2 solution in this study. The surface morphology, combinability with the substrate and phase composition of the films were investigated by XRD, SEM and TEM. The BaTiO3 films were annealed at a temperature range of 900 to 1200℃ and phase compositions were tested thereafter. The results showed that the BaTiO3 films were mainly composed of the primitive hexagonal phase with relatively small amount of tetragonal and amorphous phases. Moreover, the amount of amorphous phase decreased with the time of annealing. The transformation of BaTiO3 from hexagonal structure to tetragonal stucture became obvious until the annealing temperature reached 1200℃. The film consisted mainly of BaTiO3 tetragonal structure with ferroelectric property. The influence of annealing on surface morphology and mechanism of phase transformation of the films were also discussed. | HUANG WenBo, LI WenFang & HAN Bing College of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009,52,8: | 11 |
| 2 | Ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of novel relaxor ferroelectric single crystals PMNT显示文摘Relaxor ferroelectric single crystals PMNT with the size of φ40 mm×80 mm have been grown by a modified Bridgman method and their ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties have been characterized. The properties varied with the compositions and cut types. On the (001) cut, PMNT76/24 single crystals exhibited a dielectric constant ε of about 3 400, a dielectric loss of tanδ <0.7%, a piezoelectric constant d33 of 980 pC/N, an electromechanical coupling factor kt of 0.55 and Tc of about 110℃. whereas the properties of PMNT67/33 single crystals on (001) cut were betler: e of about 5 300, tan5 <0.6%, d33 up to 3 000 pC/N, kt 0.64, K33 0.93 and Tc of about 150℃. The piezoelectric properties on other cuts such as (110) and (111) were much lower than those on the (001) cut. The rhombohedral PMNT crystals grown by this method showed more excellent piezoelectric properties than those grown by high temperature solution method and higher value of kt than the rhombohedral PZNT single crystals. it has also | XU Guisheng LUO Haosu WANG Pingchu XU Haiqing YIN Zhiwen | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000,45,6: | 10 |
| 3 | Effect of lanthanum,neodymium on piezoelectric,dielectric and ferroelectric properties of PZT显示文摘The effect of La^(3+)and Nd^(3+)on piezoelectric,dielectric and ferroelectric properties of PZT(Pb(Zr_(0.53)Ti_(0.47))O_(3))was studied.The powders were prepared by“wet-chemical”route followed by calcination at 800℃for 4 h.XRD analysis of the calcined powders confirms the tetragonal phase in the undoped PZT,which gradually decreases with the dopant concentration and the appearance of rhombohedral phase simultaneously.SEM study of sintered pellets reveals the decrease in grain size with the increase in dopant concentration beyond 0.02 mol Nd^(3+)and 0.03 mol La^(3+)respectively.The piezoelectric constant(d_(33))and dielectric properties were maximum for 0.02 mol Nd^(3+)and 0.03 mol La^(3+)respectively.The remnant polarization of La^(3+)-doped sample was higher than Nd^(3+)-doped sample,and the sample with combined dopants shows intermediate remnant polarization(P_(r)).Based on the above study,it is concluded that La^(3+)is more effective than Nd^(3+),including in a mixture of La^(3+)and Nd^(3+)dopants. | Benudhar SAHOO Prasanta Kumar PANDA | 2013 | Journal of Advanced Ceramics2013,2,1: | 6 |
| 4 | Searching for new ferroelectrics and multiferroics: A user’s point of view显示文摘A perspective on computational studies of ferroelectrics and multiferroics is given that emphasises what has yet to be done,along with some subtleties in previously studied systems.Beginning with the extensive data-mining studies of Abrahams and more recently,Rabe,a survey is given of magnetostrictive effects in antiferromagnetic antiferroelectrics(after Toledano and Toledano),which has an nonmagnetic analogy in the antiferroelectric phase of tris-sarcosine calcium chloride and a reminder of the unusual spin–phonon coupling of Holden et al.in systems such as KCoF3 and EuTiO3.Attention is also paid to field-temperature phase diagrams,finite non-periodic boundary conditions,and processing-dependent structures. | JF Scott | 2015 | npj Computational Materials2015,,1: | 5 |
| 5 | Ferroelectric nonlinear anomalous Hall effect in few-layer WTe_(2)显示文摘Under broken time reversal symmetry such as in the presence of external magnetic field or internal magnetization,a transverse voltage can be established in materials perpendicular to both longitudinal current and applied magnetic field,known as classical Hall effect.However,this symmetry constraint can be relaxed in the nonlinear regime,thereby enabling nonlinear anomalous Hall current in time-reversal invariant materials–an underexplored realm with exciting new opportunities beyond classical linear Hall effect.Here,using group theory and first-principles theory,we demonstrate a remarkable ferroelectric nonlinear anomalous Hall effect in time-reversal invariant few-layer WTe_(2) where nonlinear anomalous Hall current switches in odd-layer WTe_(2) except 1T′monolayer while remaining invariant in even-layer WTe_(2) upon ferroelectric transition.This even-odd oscillation of ferroelectric nonlinear anomalous Hall effect was found to originate from the absence and presence of Berry curvature dipole reversal and shift dipole reversal due to distinct ferroelectric transformation in even and odd-layer WTe_(2).Our work not only treats Berry curvature dipole and shift dipole on an equal footing to account for intraband and interband contributions to nonlinear anomalous Hall effect,but also establishes Berry curvature dipole and shift dipole as new order parameters for noncentrosymmetric materials.The present findings suggest that ferroelectric metals and Weyl semimetals may offer unprecedented opportunities for the development of nonlinear quantum electronics. | Hua Wang Xiaofeng Qian | 2019 | npj Computational Materials2019,,1: | 5 |
| 6 | Ferroelectric properties of Bi_(3.25)La_(0.75)Ti_(3)O_(12) thin films prepared by sol-gel method显示文摘The Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 thin films were fabricated on the Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates using sol-gel method. The structure and morphology of the films were characterized us-ing X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The thin films showed a perov- skite phase and dense microstructure. The 2Pr and 2Vc of the Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 thin films annealed at 700℃ were 18.6 μC/cm2 and 4.1 V, respectively, under an applied voltage 10 V. After the switching of 1×1010 cycles, the Pr value decreased to 90% of its pre-fatigue values. The films showed good insulating behavior according to the test of leakage current. The dielectric constant and the dissipation factor of the Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 thin films were about 176 and 0.046 at 1 kHz, respectively. | GUO DongYun1, LI MeiYa1, PEI Ling1, YU BenFang1, WU GengZhu1, ZHAO XingZhong1, WANG YunBo2 & YU Jun2 1 Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China 2 Department of Electronic Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China | 2007 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2007,50,1: | 4 |
| 7 | Special focus on two-dimensional materials and device applications显示文摘The exploration of two dimensional layered materials(2DLMs)with atomic thickness and rich bandstructures has taken both the scientific and technological communities by storm during the past one and a half decade.Graphene plays a pioneering role in the development of 2DLMs but its gapless bandstructure somehow limits further applications.Following the huge success of graphene,more and more 2DLMs have been discovered and studied,including the transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN),black phosphorus(BP),silicene,2D perovskites,etc.So far,the fast pace of TMD material development shows no sign of slow down.More research to pics have been sys tematically explored in various types of 2DLMs,such as quantum transport,spintronics,topological phases,2D magnetism and 2D ferroelectricity. | Xinran WANG Peng ZHOU | 2019 | Science China(Information Sciences)2019,62,12: | 4 |
| 8 | Shift current bulk photovoltaic effect in polar materials—hybrid and oxide perovskites and beyond显示文摘The bulk photovoltaic effect(BPVE)refers to the generation of a steady photocurrent and above-bandgap photovoltage in a single-phase homogeneous material lacking inversion symmetry.The mechanism of BPVE is decidedly different from the typical p-n junction-based photovoltaic mechanism in heterogeneous materials.Recently,there has been renewed interest in ferroelectric materials for solar energy conversion,inspired by the discovery of above-bandgap photovoltages in ferroelectrics,the invention of low bandgap ferroelectric materials and the rapidly improving power conversion efficiency of metal halide perovskites.However,as long as the nature of the BPVE and its dependence on composition and structure remain poorly understood,materials engineering and the realisation of its true potential will be hampered.In this review article,we survey the history,development and recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of BPVE,with a focus on the shift current mechanism,an intrinsic BPVE that is universal to all materials lacking inversion symmetry.In addition to explaining the theory of shift current,materials design opportunities and challenges will be discussed for future applications of the BPVE. | Liang Z Tan Fan Zheng Steve M Young Fenggong Wang Shi Liu Andrew M Rappe | 2016 | npj Computational Materials2016,,1: | 4 |
| 9 | Topological domain states and magnetoelectric properties in multiferroic nanostructures显示文摘Multiferroic nanostructures have been attracting tremendous attention over the past decade, due to their rich cross-coupling effects and prospective electronic applications. In particular, the emergence of some exotic phenomena in size-confined multiferroic systems, including topological domain states such as vortices, center domains, and skyrmion bubble domains, has opened a new avenue to a number of intriguing physical properties and functionalities, and thus underpins a wide range of applications in future nanoelectronic devices. It is also highly appreciated that nano-domain engineering provides a pathway to control the magnetoelectric properties, which is promising for future energy-efficient spintronic devices. In recent years, this field, still in its infancy, has witnessed a rapid development and a number of challenges too.In this article, we shall review the recent advances in the emergent domain-related exotic phenomena in multiferroic nanostructures. Specific attention is paid to the topological domain structures and related novel physical behaviors as well as the electric-field-driven magnetic switching via domain engineering. This review will end with a discussion of future challenges and potential directions. | Guo Tian Wenda Yang Deyang Chen Zhen Fan Zhipeng Hou Marin Alexe Xingsen Gao | 2019 | National Science Review2019,6,4: | 4 |
| 10 | Ferroelectric Oxide Nanocomposites with Trimodal Pore Structure for High Photocatalytic Performance显示文摘An effective method to improve the photocatalytic performances of powder catalysts is to use the internal electric field from ferroelectrics to separate photogenerated charge carriers.The design and engineering of a complex hetero-junction with a hierarchical pore structure is highly desirable for the efficient application of ferroelectric materials in photocatalysis.Here,we present a novel strategy using two templates to fabricate PbTiO3/TiO2/carbon(PTC)nanocomposites with a tunable microstructure.A hard SiO2 template combined with an ice template followed by an appropriate pyrolysis procedure introduced trimodal(micro-,meso-,macro-)porosity.The as-prepared PTC nanocomposites with optimal mass ratio exhibited excellent photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performances.PbTiO3/TiO2 annealed at 900 ℃(PTC-900)showed a MB degradation rate of 0.21 and 0.021 min-1 under UV and visible light irradiation,which are,respectively,7.2 and3 times those of pure PbTiO3.The photocurrent density of the composite catalyst is 1.48 mA cm-2 at the potential of 1.0 V versus saturated calomel electrode,and the rates of hydrogen generation of PTC-900 are as high as 2360 and 9.6 μmol h-1 g-1 under UV and visible light irradiation,respectively.More importantly,the simultaneous application of ultrasound-induced mechanical waves further improved the photocatalytic reactivity.This work serves to improve understanding on the design of ferroelectric/piezoelectric photocatalysts with a hierarchical pore structure and also proposes a widely applicable strategy for the fabrication of high-performance micro-nano/nano-nano structures. | Tingting Xu Xuan Liu Shulan Wang Li Li | 2019 | Nano-Micro Letters2019,11,3: | 4 |
| 11 | Three-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal in naturally grown potassium–tantalate–niobate perovskite ferroelectrics显示文摘Since quasi-phase-matching of nonlinear optics was proposed in 1962,nonlinear photonic crystals were rapidly developed by ferroelectric domain inversion induced by electric or light poling.The three-dimensional(3D)periodical rotation of ferroelectric domains may add feasible modulation to the nonlinear coefficients and break the rigid requirements for the incident light and polarization direction in traditional quasi-phase-matching media.However,3D rotating ferroelectric domains are difficult to fabricate by the direct external poling technique.Here,we show a natural potassium-tantalate-niobate(KTN)perovskite nonlinear photonic crystal with spontaneous Rubik’s cube-like domain structures near the Curie temperature of 40℃.The KTN crystal contains 3D ferroelectric polarization distributions corresponding to the reconfigured second-order susceptibilities,which can provide rich reciprocal vectors to compensate for the phase mismatch along an arbitrary direction and polarization of incident light.Bragg diffraction and broadband second-harmonic generation are also presented.This natural nonlinear photonic crystal directly meets the 3D quasi-phase-matching condition without external poling and establishes a promising platform for all-optical nonlinear beam shaping and enables new optoelectronic applications for perovskite ferroelectrics. | Chang Li Xuping Wang Yang Wu Fei Liang Feifei Wang Xiangyong Zhao Haohai Yu Huaijin Zhang | 2020 | Light(Science & Applications)2020,9,1: | 3 |
| 12 | Preparation and ferroelectric properties of Bi_(3.4)Ce_(0.6)Ti_3O_(12) thin films grown by sol-gel method显示文摘We have investigated the preparation and properties of Bi3.4Ce0.6Ti3O12 thin films. The Bi3.4Ce0.6Ti3O12 thin films were fabricated on the Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates using sol-gel method. The structure and morphology of the films were characterized us- ing X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The thin films showed a perovskite phase and dense microstructure. The dielectric constant and the dissi- pation factor of the Bi3.4Ce0.6Ti3O12 thin films were about 172 and 0.031 at 1 kHz, respectively. The 2Pr and 2Ec of the Bi3.4Ce0.6Ti3O12 thin films were 67.1 μC/cm2 and 299.7 kV/cm, respectively, under an applied field of 600 kV/cm. The Bi3.4Ce0.6Ti3O12 film did not show fatigue up to 4.46×109 switching cycles at a frequency of 1 MHz, and showed good insulating behavior according to the test of leakage current. | GUO DongYun1, LI MeiYa1, LIU Jun1, YU BenFang1, PEI Ling1, WANG YunBo2, YU Jun2 & YANG Bin2 1 Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China 2 Department of Electronic Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008,51,1: | 3 |
| 13 | A thermodynamic potential for barium zirconate titanate solid solutions显示文摘Barium zirconate titanate[Ba(ZrxTi_(1−x))O_(3)]solid solutions are promising lead-free ferroelectric materials that have received substantial interest.Thermodynamic analysis based on phenomenological Landau–Devonshire theory is a powerful method for theoretical investigation of ferroelectric materials,but cannot be applied to Ba(ZrxTi1−x)O3 because there is no thermodynamic potential.In this paper,a thermodynamic potential for Ba(ZrxTi_(1−x))O_(3)(0≤x≤0.3)solid solutions is constructed,and then a thermodynamic analysis carried out.The results accurately reproduce known phase structures and their transition temperatures,with good agreement with experimentally measured polarization,dielectric,and piezoelectric constants.It is found that Ba(ZrxTi_(1−x))O_(3) solid solutions at room temperature have three phase boundaries,including a tetragonal–orthorhombic phase boundary at x=0.013,an orthorhombic–rhombohedral phase boundary at x=0.0798,and a rhombohedral–paraelectric phase boundary at x=0.2135.The results also indicate that the chemical composition-induced ferroelectric–paraelectric phase boundary has superior electromechanical properties,suggesting a new way to enhance electromechanical coupling in Ba(ZrxTi_(1−x))O_(3) solid solutions. | Jinlin Peng Dongliang Shan Yunya Liu Kai Pan Chihou Lei Ningbo He Zhenyu Zhang Qiong Yang | 2018 | npj Computational Materials2018,,1: | 3 |
| 14 | High visible light photocatalytic activities obtained by integrating g-C_(3)N_(4) with ferroelectric PbTiO_(3)显示文摘Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))with the merits of high visible light absorption,proper electronic band structure with high conduction band edge and variable modulation,is viewed as a promising photocatalyst for practical use.To alleviate its high recombination rate of photo-excited charge carriers and maximize the photocatalytic performances,it is paramount to design highly effective transfer channels for photo-excited charge carriers.Ferroelectric materials can have the charge carriers transport in opposite directions owing to the internal spontaneous polarization,which may be suitable for constructing the heterostructure with g-C_(3)N_(4)for efficient charge separation.Inspired by this concept,herein ferroelectric PbTiO_(3),which can be the visible-light absorber,is coupled with g-C_(3)N_(4)to construct PbTiO_(3)/g-C_(3)N_(4)heterostructure with close contact via Pb–N bond by the facile post thermal treatment.The optimized Pb TiO_(3)/g-C_(3)N_(4)heterostructure exhibited excellent photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activities under visible light irradiation.Moreover,the simultaneous application of ultrasound-induced mechanical waves can further improve its photocatalytic activities through reinforcing the built-in piezoelectric field.This work proposes a widely applicable strategy for the fabrication of high-performance ferroelectric based photocatalysts and also provides some new ideas for developing the understanding of ferroelectric photocatalysis. | Tingting Xu Ping Niu Shulan Wang Li Li | 2021 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2021,,15: | 3 |
| 15 | Oxygen-vacancy-related dielectric relaxation behaviours and impedance spectroscopy of Bi(Mg_(1/2)Ti_(1/2))O_(3) modified BaTiO_(3) ferroelectric ceramics显示文摘Lead-free ferroelectric ceramics(1-x)BaTiO_(3-x)Bi(Mg_(1/2)Ti_(1/2))O_(3)(x=0.0-0.07)were synthesized by conventional solid state reaction method and the correlation of structure,dielectric,ferroelectric and impedance properties were investigated.It was found that T_(m) andε_(m) showed decreasing trend with the increase of BMT content.The high-temperature dielectric relaxation behaviour was observed in all the samples.The activation energy calculated from impedance(E_(a))and conductivity(E_(cond)),which revealed that the relaxation behaviours were linked with the migration of OVs.The values of E_(a)were almost equivalent to Econd.It was concluded that the short-range hopping of oxygen vacancy contributed to the dielectric relaxation and long-distance movement of doubly ionized oxygen vacancies contributed to the conduction.On the other hand,with increasing BMT contents,it was found that P-E loops became slimmer and slimmer,which indicated the increase of relaxor behaviour.The temperature dependence of P-E loops for 0.98BT-0.02BMT ceramic clearly showed the transition process from ferroelectric to relaxed ferroelectrics. | Ming-Ding Li Xin-Gui Tang Si-Ming Zeng Yan-Ping Jiang Qiu-Xiang Liu Tian-Fu Zhang Wen-Hua Li | 2018 | Journal of Materiomics2018,4,3: | 3 |
| 16 | Overview of one transistor type of hybrid organic ferroelectric non-volatile memory显示文摘Organic ferroelectric memory devices based on field effect transistors that can be configured between two stable states of on and off have been widely researched as the next generation data storage media in recent years.This emerging type of memory devices can lead to a new instrument system as a potential alternative to previous non-volatile memory building blocks in future processing units because of their numerous merits such as cost-effective process,simple structure and freedom in substrate choices.This bi-stable non-volatile memory device of information storage has been investigated using several organic or inorganic semiconductors with organic ferroelectric polymer materials.Recent progresses in this ferroelectric memory field,hybrid system have attracted a lot of attention due to their excellent device performance in comparison with that of all organic systems.In this paper,a general review of this type of ferroelectric non-volatile memory is provided,which include the device structure,organic ferroelectric materials,electrical characteristics and working principles.We also present some snapshots of our previous study on hybrid ferroelectric memories including our recent work based on zinc oxide nanowire channels. | Young Tea Chun Daping Chu | 2015 | Instrumentation2015,2,1: | 3 |
| 17 | Fabrication of sub-micro size PZT array and their ferroelectric properties显示文摘The photosensitive PZT sols and their gel films were prepared by sol-gel process. Based on the photosensitivity of the PZT gel films, two-dimensional (2D) array of the PZT gel film was fabricated using twice-exposure of double-beam interference on the gel film. PZT gel films coated on ITO/quartz substrate were exposed to an interference fringe of 325 He-Cd laser beams, the substrate was rotated by 90° between the first and second irradiation steps. Island type periodic 2D array structures with a pitch of 1 μm and cell size of about 480 nm × 480 nm × 40 nm were formed after the irradiation, and followed by leaching with organic solvent, and then by heat treatment at 600℃ for 15 min. The hysteresis loops of the cell in PZT array were in-situ measured by the online-operation of TF analyzer and atomic force microscope (AFM). The probe can be located on the locked cell of PZT array in the AFM image. The alternating voltage applied to the locked cell is supplied by the TF analyzer through the conductive coating probe, and then the test signal is fed back to the TF analyzer to obtain the hysteresis loop of the locked cell of array in the absence of top electrode. The results show that the sub-micro size PZT arrays prepared in this way are of polarization reversal characteristics with the alternating electric fields, thereby exhibiting obvious ferroelectricity. | ZHAO Gaoyang1, ZHANG Weihua1, XU Guomin1, DENG Xiaocui1, JIANG Bailing1 & ZHAO Wei2 1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China 2. Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS, Xi’an 710048, China | 2006 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2006,49,6: | 2 |
| 18 | Effect of annealing temperature on multiferroic properties of Bi_(0.85)Nd_(0.15)FeO_3 thin films prepared by sol-gel method显示文摘Bi0.85Nd0.15FeO3 films were prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate by a sol-gel method,and annealed at different temperatures.The effect of annealing temperature on the crystal structure,dielectric,ferroelectric,and ferromagnetic properties was investigated.When the Bi0.85Nd0.15FeO3 films were annealed at 490-600°C,the single phase was obtained.Bi0.85Nd0.15FeO3 film annealed at 600°C showed good multiferroic properties with εr of 145 (at 1 MHz),Ms of 44.8 emu/cm3,and 2Pr of 16.6 μC/cm2. | GOTO Takashi | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010,53,6: | 2 |
| 19 | Deep insight into the voltage amplification effect from ferroelectric negative capacitance显示文摘Dear editor, Power dissipation has become one of the most serious problems for nano-electronics. For conventional transistors, the operation voltage cannot be continuously reduced due to the fundamental limitation of sub threshold swing (SS)(60 mV / decade at room temperature)[1,2]. The voltage amplification (VA) induced by the negative capacitance (NC) effect of ferroelectrie (FE) material provides a possible approach for FE-based transistors to achieve sub-60 SS charactetistics [3]. However, the physical origin of NC effect in FE-FET are still unclear and controversial. | Huimin WANG Qianqian HUANG Mengxuan YANG Xing ZHANG Ru HUANG | 2019 | Science China(Information Sciences)2019,62,8: | 2 |
| 20 | Ferromagnetic and ferroelectric two-dimensional materials for memory application显示文摘The discoveries of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric two-dimensional(2D)materials have dramatically inspired intense interests due to their potential in the field of spintronic and nonvolatile memories.This review focuses on the latest 2D ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials that have been most recently studied,including insulating ferromagnetic,metallic ferromagnetic,antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric 2D materials.The fundamental properties that lead to the long-range magnetic orders of 2D materials are discussed.The low Curie temperature(Tc)and instability in 2D systems limits their use in practical applications,and several strategies to address this constraint are proposed,such as gating and composition stoichiometry.A van der Waals(vdW)heterostructure comprising 2D ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials will open a door to exploring exotic physical phenomena and achieve multifunctional or nonvolatile devices. | Zhen Liu Longjiang Deng Bo Peng | 2021 | Nano Research2021,14,6: | 2 |