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| 1 | Medusoid Fossils from the Sinian Xingmincun Formation of Southern Liaoning Province显示文摘Abundant medusoid soft-bodied metazoan fossils have been found in the Sinian Xingmincun Formation(with an isotopic age of 650 Ma) at Qipanmo, Qidingshan and Yangtun of the Dalian-Jinzhou area, southern Liaoning Province; in addition, a number of macroscopic algal fossils have been discovered for the first time in the Getun Formation overlying the Xingmincun Formation. Medusoid fossils include 3 genera and 6 species(all of which are new). Judging from their biological characters, these medusoid fossils are considered to have an intimate affinity with the Ediacara fauna in the terminal Precambrian of Australia, as their characters are close to each other. The authors suggest that these medusoids and the Edicara fauna might be the products of the same period. The discovery of the medusoid fauna in the Xingmincun Formation marks an important event in the evolution of the terminal Precambrian organisms in China, and it is of major practical significance in the study of the Sinian System of China and the correlation of the Sinian strata of northern and southern China. | Hong Zuomin, Huang Zhenfu, Yang Xinde, Lan Jing, Xian Bingcai, Yang Yajun, Regional Geological Survey Party, Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou, Liaoning and Liu Xiaoliang Shenyang Institute of Geology and Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning Fang Xinzhong | 1989 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)1989，63，1： | 20 |
| 2 | Peat molecular fossils recording paleoclimatic change and organism replacement显示文摘The occurrence of the dominant C23 n-alkane derived from bryophyte was demonstrated to be related to the cold climate, based on the GC and GC/MS analyses on a 40-cm long peat core, in which this compound exponentially varies in abundance with the depth corresponding to the well-known second Little Ice Age. Both the variation of the chemical components of modern bryophyte resulted from climatic change and the ecological data about the biological growth influenced by climate shed light on the point that the variation of this compound in the peat was related to the cold climate. This was also evidenced by the previously-reported lacustrine data. In addition, the variations of the ratios of ketones/esters and C24 n-alkene/n-alkane (C24:1/024:0) display the trend identical with that of organisms, implicating the replacement between bryophyte and monocotyledon occurring in the peat core. | XIE Shucheng & R. P. Evershed1. Faculty of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2. School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK Correspondence should be addressed to Xie Shucheng (e-mail: scxie@ public.wh.hb.cn) | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，20： | 16 |
| 3 | Uplift, climate and biotic changes at the Eocene-Oligocene transition in south-eastern Tibet显示文摘The uplift history of south-eastern Tibet is crucial to understanding processes driving the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas.Underpinning existing palaeoaltimetric studies has been regional mapping based in large part on biostratigraphy that assumes a Neogene modernization of the highly diverse,but threatened,Asian biota.Here,with new radiometric dating and newly collected plant-fossil archives,we quantify the surface height of part of the south-eastern margin of Tibet in the latest Eocene(~34 Ma)to be^3 km and rising,possibly attaining its present elevation(3.9 km)in the early Oligocene.We also find that the Eocene–Oligocene transition in south-eastern Tibet witnessed leaf-size diminution and a floral composition change from sub-tropical/warm temperate to cool temperate,likely reflective of both uplift and secular climate change,and that,by the latest Eocene,floral modernization on Tibet had already taken place,implying modernization was deeply rooted in the Palaeogene. | Tao Su Robert A. Spicer Shi-Hu Li He Xu Jian Huang Sarah Sherlock Yong-Jiang Huang Shu-Feng Li Li Wang Lin-Bo Jia Wei-Yu-Dong Deng Jia Liu Cheng-Long Deng Shi-Tao Zhang Paul J. Valdes Zhe-Kun Zhou | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，3： | 16 |
| 4 | Principal aspects of the Ordovician biotic radiation显示文摘The Ordovician radiation is among the major bioevents in earth history that have drawn great attention from geologists all over the world, and there have been hundreds of publications treating various aspects of this radiation. The study of the event involves a broad spectrum of research fields and concerns many scientific questions. Many opinions and hypotheses have been proposed on the triggering and controlling factors of the radiation. Herein the authors critically review the study of the Ordovician radiation and dissect four principal aspects by synthesizing the studies over the past years: (1) relationships of the radiation to fossil clades, ecotypes, and environments, such as water depth, latitude, and climate; (2) the ecological structure and food webs of Ordovician marine organisms; (3) fossil records and true biodiversities; and (4) likely triggering and controlling factors of the Ordovician radiation. The authors also recommend approaches to furthering studies of these aspects. | ZHANG YuanDong,ZHAN RenBin,FAN JunXuan,CHENG JunFeng & LIU Xiao LPS, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，3： | 13 |
| 5 | Microfossils and molecular records in oil shales of the Songliao Basin and implications for paleo-depositional environment显示文摘Several oil shale beds, over 10 m thick, occur at the base of the first member of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) in the Songliao Basin. They act both as excellent source rocks for conventional oil and as potential oil deposit for shale oil production. Here we combine micropaleon-tology with organic geochemistry to investigate the paleo-depositional environment and organic source characteristics of the oil shales and black shales. Our results indicate that algal remains are dominant microfossils in K2qn1 oil shales, and their relatively high abundance suggests a major algal thriving event during the oil shale deposition. The presence of fresh water and brackish water species, Sentusidinium, Vesperopsis and Nyktericysta, and marine or brackish water deltaic and lagoonal species such as Kiokansium and Dinogymniopsis demonstrate that this paleo-continental lake was influenced by marine transgressions at the time of K2qn1 oil shale formation. The extremely low pristine/phytane ratios, relatively high abundance of gammacerane and 4-methyl steranes, and low δ 13C values of C14-C37 n-alkanes in the oil shale organic extracts indicate the deposition of oil shales in anoxic and highly stratified water columns and the significant contribution of lacustrine algae to sedimentary organic matter. High molecular-weight paraffinic hydrocarbons with unusually high abundance of nC43, nC45, and nC47 may be related to special algal species associated with marine transgression events. The giant water body of Songliao paleo-lake and the change in the organic and chemical environment (such as nutrition source and water column salinity) associated with seawater transgression into the lake are among the most important reasons for oil shales in the Songliao Basin being different from mudstone and oil shale in other rifted basins. | FENG ZiHui FANG Wei WANG Xue HUANG ChunYan HUO QiuLi ZHANG JuHe HUANG QingHua ZHANG Lei | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，10： | 12 |
| 6 | The fluctuating environment associated with the episodic biotic crisis during the Permo/Triassic transition:Evidence from microbial biomarkers in Changxing,Zhejiang Province显示文摘The environmental conditions and the biotic crisis during the Permo-Triassic (Tr/P) transition received increasing attention in the past decades. Presented herein are the molecular fossil records of cyano-bacteria and green sulfur bacteria,the base of the marine ecosystem,to highlight the episodic nature of both the environment and the biotic crisis during this critical period. At least two episodes of cyano-bacterial expansion are documented by 2-methylhopanes ranging from C28 to C32 in carbon number,indicative of the instable marine ecosystem and the fluctuant aquatic nutrients. Meanwhile,the index of 2-alkyl-1,3,4-trimethylbenzenes (biomarkers of green sulfur bacteria) and the ratio of pristane to phy-tane (Pr/Ph) witness the fluctuation of sedimentary environmental redox conditions. The above mo-lecular evidence suggests the occurrence of highly fluctuating environmental conditions during the Tr/P transition,which is consistent with,and probably the cause of,the multi-phased biotic crisis and the prolonged faunal recovery. | HUANG XianYu JIAO Dan LU LiQiang XIE ShuCheng HUANG JunHua WANG YongBiao YIN HongFu WANG HongMei ZHANG KeXin LAI XuLong | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，7： | 10 |
| 7 | When will China achieve its carbon emission peak?显示文摘Global warming is primarily attributed to the significant increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration,which is caused mainly by carbon emissions generated from fossil fuel combustion[1].Efficient measures are required to control these emissions and reduce global warming. | Tianli Zheng Jiangling Zhu Shaopeng Wang Jingyun Fang | 2016 | National Science Review2016，3，1： | 9 |
| 8 | Sedimentological evidence of the piracy of fossil Zoige Lake by the Yellow River显示文摘The Yellow River, the birthplace of China’s culture, is well known over the world forits huge sediment yield and unruly temper. The origin of the river was considered bymany foreign and domestic scholars through long-term studies as: the Yellow River turnedgradually to the present features through the way that the river was eroded headwards | 王云飞 王苏民 薛滨 吉磊 吴敬禄 夏威岚 潘红玺 张平中 陈发虎 | 1995 | Chinese Science Bulletin1995，40，18： | 8 |
| 9 | Climate variability recorded by n-alkanes of paleolake sediment in Qaidam Basin on the northeast Tibetan Plateau in late MIS3显示文摘Here we combine n-alkanes preserved in a shell bar section from Qarhan paleolake, Qaidam Basin with the other sedimentary proxies to elucidate the lake evolution process during the period 39.7 to 17.5 14C ka BP (calibrated age ranges from 43.5 to 22.4 cal. ka BP). In different stages, the n-alkane homologues exhibited different distribution modes indicative of variations in the surrounding vegetation and the hydrologic condition of the lake. The n-alkanes proxies (CPIh, ACLh, Paq) have the same trends as the summer solar insolation variation, implying that the summer insolation is the most important climatic factor driving the environmental changes and also indirectly controls lake evolution on the Tibetan Plateau. CPIh and ACLh as well as the total pollen concentration appear to show a trend comparable with methane concentration record from the GRIP ice core that reflected the Dansgaard-Oeschger events. This demonstrates that the paleoclimate variations in Qarhan area generally agree with global climate change and show rapid oscillations in late MIS3. These findings provide the latest molecular fossil evidence from paleolake sediments to confirm that lake evolution on Tibetan Plateau in late MIS3 was closely associated with enhanced summer insolation. | PU Yang ZHANG HuCai LEI GuoLiang CHANG FengQin YANG MingSheng ZHANG WenXiang LEI YanBin YANG LunQing PANG YouZhi | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，6： | 8 |
| 10 | Researches on Plants from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation in the Qujing District, Eastern Yunnan显示文摘Fossil plants Hedeia sinica Hao et Gensel 1998, Huia gracilis Wang et Hao 2001 andGuangnania cuneata Wang et Hao are described from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation, the Qujingdistrict, eastern Yunnan, China. They contribute to our knowledge of the flora in this district. Based on theoccurrence of common plants (Hedeia, Huia, Guangnania and Zosterophyllum australianum) and their horizons,it is proved for the first time that the mid-lower assemblage of the Xujiachong flora is comparable with theEarly Devonian ((late) Pragian) Posongchong flora of southeastern Yunnan and the upper Baragwanathia floraof Australia. In view of this fact and the stratigraphic sequence, the mid-lower part of the Xujiachong Formationis considered to be of (late) Pragian age. Through comprehensive analyses of plant, bivalve and fishassemblages and the lithology, the upper part of the Xujiachong Formation is dated to be of early Emsian age.The Xujiachong flora belonged to the northeastern Gondwana palaeophytogeographic unit during the EarlyDevonian. The early Emsian assemblage of this flora inherited the characters of the Posongchong flora and alsoexhibited the endemic elements. Belonging to different phytogeographic units, the Xujiachong and Posongchongfloras differ from the coeval flora of the Laurussian palaeocontinent. The Xujiachong flora is comparativelysimple in composition, while the Posongchong flora has abundant and highly diversified endemics. Thedisparity between them has resulted from the different environments. | 王德明 郝守刚 刘振锋 | 2002 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2002，76，4： | 7 |
| 11 | A Different Opinion on the Geological Age of the Longzhaogou and Jixi Groups of Eastern Heilongjiang, China显示文摘The age of the Longzhaogou and Jixi Groups of coal measures in eastern Heilongjiang were previouslyconsidered to be Jurassic or mainly Jurassic. But there occur Middle Barremian-Early Albian Aucellina(bivalvia) fossils in the Upper Yunshan Formation of the Longzhaogou Group and the Lower Chengzihe For-mation of the Jixi Group, and the Qihulin Formation of the Longzhaogou Group yields Early Cretaceousbivalve and ammonite fossils. Consequently, the geological ages of the two groups are mainly, or even all, Ear-ly Cretaceous. | Sha Jingeng Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, Nanjing, Jiangsu | 1992 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)1992，66，2： | 7 |
| 12 | Leaf and infructescence fossils of Alnus (Betulaceae) from the late Eocene of the southeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau显示文摘Plant fossils from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP), China are critical to understand not only the diversification history of plants there, but also the paleoenvironmental conditions. Alnus are deciduous trees, mainly distributed in temperate and subtropical regions of Eurasia and North America, and they are well known in the fossil records throughout the Cenozoic in the Northern Hemisphere. We collected numerous well‐preserved Alnus leaf and infructescence fossils from the Lawula Formation (~34.6 Ma with 40Ar/39Ar dating) at the present elevation of 3910 m a.s.l. in the southeastern QTP. Based on detailed morphological comparisons with existing and fossil species, these fossils show closest affinity to Alnus ferdinandi‐coburgii C. K. Schneid., and we refer to these fossils as A. cf. ferdinandi‐coburgii. These specimens comprise the oldest megafossil record of Alnus in the QTP, and provide solid evidence for the distribution of Alnus there as early as the late Eocene. Extant A. ferdinandi‐coburgii is distributed in areas with mean annual temperature values between 9.7 °C and 16.9 °C, and mean annual precipitation values ranging from 896.2 mm to 1161.2 mm;therefore, fossils of A. cf. ferdinandi‐coburgii suggest a much warmer and wetter climate during the late Eocene than today in the southeastern QTP. This finding is consistent with other evidence for continued uplift of the southeastern QTP after the late Eocene that might be due to the eastward extension of the QTP. | He Xu Tao Su Zhe-Kun Zhou | 2019 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2019，57，2： | 7 |
| 13 | Occurrence of Christella (Thelypteridaceae) in Southwest China and its indications of the paleoenvironment of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas显示文摘The uplift of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau dramatically changed the regional topography and climate, profoundly impacting the distribution of many plant lineages. Plant responses to environmental changes are particularly prominent in lineages that require ecological factors differentiated from those present before the uplift of the QTP. Two fossil occurrences of Christella H. Lév., Fl. Kouy–Tchéou (Thelypteridaceae), a fern genus now distributed mainly at low elevations of the pantropics with warm and moist habitats, are described based on fossilized Cenozoic leaf fronds recovered from SW China: late Paleocene Christella nervosa (J. R. Tao) C. L. Xu, T. Su & Z. K. Zhou comb. nov. found in Liuqu, southern Tibet and middle Miocene Christella sp. recovered from the Jinggu Basin in western Yunnan. The frond fossils from both sites share key morphological characteristics that diagnose these fossils as Christella. After detailed comparisons, we further clarified Christella papilio (C. Hope) Holttum, a species distributed in warm, humid habitats at altitudes no more than 1300?m, as the nearest living relative of C. nervosa. This finding suggested that southern Tibet had not reached its present elevation during the late Paleocene (ca. 56 Ma). We propose that the uplift, accompanied by severe cooling and aridification after the late Paleocene, caused the disappearance of Christella in southern Tibet, whereas paleoenvironmental conditions enabled the genus to survive in Yunnan. Our study provides the first example of distributional constraints of ferns in SW China in response to paleoenvironmental changes in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and nearby areas. | Cong-Li Xu Tao Su Jian Huang Yong-Jiang Huang Shu-Feng Li Yi-Shan Zhao Zhe-Kun Zhou | 2019 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2019，57，2： | 7 |
| 14 | 早寒武世澄江化石库软躯体化石富集层研究初探显示文摘在滇东地区早寒武世澄江化石库中多年野外化石采集工作发现了许多软躯体化石富集层,其中包括一些单属种富集层和贫属种富集层.这些软躯体化石富集层的产出特征进一步证明了促使澄江化石库软躯体化石的大量保存与广泛分布的主要因素是频繁的风暴沉积而导致的快速埋葬,从而表明早寒武世滇东海盆的生态频繁遭到风暴作用的破坏.同一软躯体富集层的动物类型很可能占据相近的生态位. | 韩健 舒德干 张志飞 刘建妮 张兴亮 姚洋 | 2006 | 科学通报2006，51，5： | 6 |
| 15 | New discovery of Palaeontinid fossils from the Middle Jurassic in Daohugou, Inner Mongolia (Homoptera, Palaeontinidae)显示文摘Three new species of fossil Palaeontinidae are described from Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China: Daohugoucossus shii sp. nov., D. parallelivenius sp. nov., D. lii sp. nov. The diagnosis of Dao- hugoucossus Wang, Zhang and Fang, 2006 is revised. These materials are the first complete fossil palaeontinids in the Middle Jurassic of the world. Based on observation of these new specimens, Sc of this new genus has the following combined characters: joined with R at base, diverged near M separa- tion, coalesced with R before the nodal line, extended beyond the nodal line and fused with R1 before distal end. Due to the Sc characteristics mentioned above, the genus Liaocossus Ren, Yin and Dou, 1998 can be well distinguished from “Ilerdocossus-complex”. | SHIH ChungKun | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，4： | 5 |
| 16 | A New Idea of Sinian Doushantuo'an Metaphyte Fossils from Xiuning, Anhui Province显示文摘This paper gives a summary of the fossil data from the Sinian Doushantuo’ an Lantian Formation in the Xiuning area, Anhui Province, China, and reports the genital butt structure comparable to that of some modern advanced algae and the fossil structure comparable to the dehiscence of sporangia as well as the ontogenetic phenomenon occurring possibly from the formation of embryos by zygote germination to the production of sessile benthonic algal adults. This phenomenon furnishes a useful clue to the further study of the life history of alternate generations in advanced algae and provides megafossil evidence for the sex differentiation of metaphytic algae. | Tang Feng, National Geological Museum of China, Xisi, Beijing 100034Yin Chongyu and Gao LinzhiInstitute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 26 Baiwanzhuang, Beijing 100037 Fei Zhenbi | 1997 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)1997，71，4： | 5 |
| 17 | FOSSIL ZYGNEMATACEAE IN THE SEDIMENTS OF THE EAST CHINA SEA AND YELLOW SEA AND ITS PALEOENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE显示文摘In China, study on fossil Zygnemataceae has newly attracted the attention of palynologists. In our study of the bottom sediments in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea, Zygnemataeeae have for tthe first time been found abundant in many column sections of Late Pleistocene peat bed, often in company with fresh water algae and pollen of hydrophyte, providing a useful evidence for the paleoenvironmental research of the East China Sea and Yellow Sea of that time. | 王开发 张玉兰 蒋辉 | 1983 | Chinese Science Bulletin1983，28，4： | 5 |
| 18 | The reconstruction of fossil planation surface in Chin显示文摘On the basis of results of relative subjects, the fossil planation surface has been discussed by the authors from the point of geomorphologic view. The discussion contents included the characteristic information, research methods, paleotopography (gradient and altitude) and other problems about fossil planation surface. The recognition and reconstruction of fossil planation surface mainly rely on the following characteristic information: (i) the character of erosion unconformity surface; (ii) the paleo-weathering crust and residual deposits; (iii) the paleo-karst and filled deposit in the paleo-karst under the unconformity surface, and (iv) the character and environment of sediment above the unconformity surface. According to the above-mentioned characteristic information, the authors recognized and reconstructed two stages of fossil planation surface on Pa-leo-land of North China and Yangtze Paleo-land. These two fossil planation surfaces formed from Middle Ordovician to Lower Carboniferous and from | FENG Jinliang & GUI ZhijiuDepartment of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Institute of Geography, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050011, China | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，5： | 5 |
| 19 | Recent advances on first-principles modeling for the design of materials in CO2 capture technologies显示文摘Novel technologies in consideration of industrial sustainability(IS)are in urgent need to satisfy the increasing demands from the society.IS realizes the production of materials while maintaining environmental and resource sustainability.The chemical materials used in CO2 capture and storage(CCS)technologies play a significant role in the disposal of greenhouse gas emissions coming from large stationary fossil-fired power plants,which breaks the principle of IS and brings severe environmental problems.This study aims at providing a detailed review of first-principles modeling(density functional theory,DFT)of materials in CO2 capture technologies.DFT analysis provides insight into the atomic properties of the studied systems and builds an efficient guidance of the future design of the materials used in CO2 capture technologies.Major materials including oxygen carriers,metal organic frameworks,membranes,zeolites,ionic liquids and some other promising candidates are considered.The computational studies bring the outcomes of the adsorption behaviors,structural characteristics and accurate force fields of the studied materials in short turn-around times at low cost.This review can stimulate the design of novel materials with specific target of CO2 capture and promote the industrial sustainability of fossil fuel combustion technologies. | Yue Yuan Huabei You Luis Ricardez-Sandoval | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2019，27，7： | 4 |
| 20 | An early Oligocene fossil acorn, associated leaves and pollen of the ring‐cupped oaks (Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis) from Maoming Basin, South China显示文摘The ring‐cupped oaks (Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis) characterized by united and concentric ring‐cupped acorns, are mainly distributed in broad‐leaved evergreen forests in tropical and subtropical regions of East and Southeast Asia. Their geological history has been traced from the middle Eocene to Pleistocene. Most reports of the subgenus have been on the basis of leaves, whereas the acorns or cupules, more valuable evidence for the inter‐ and intrageneric classifications, have been relatively poorly documented. Here, we describe a new species, Quercus shangcunensis sp. nov., based on a ring‐cupped fossil acorn and pollen on the acorn, as well as Quercus sp. associated leaves, recovered from the early Oligocene Shangcun Formation of Maoming Basin, Guangdong Province, South China. The morphological and anatomical structures of these fossils confirm their attribution to the subg. Cyclobalanopsis. Quercus shangcunensis sp. nov. represents the world's first Oligocene fossil acorn and the earliest fossil acorn in China for the subgenus, indicating that the subg. Cyclobalanopsis arrived in the low latitude area of South China at least by the early Oligocene. Our fossil provides evidence that the subgenus was present in one of its modern distribution centers in the Oligocene, suggesting that the modern distribution patterns of the subg. Cyclobalanopsis most likely originated during or prior to the Oligocene. | Xiao-Yan Liu Sheng-Lan Xu Meng Han Jian-Hua Jin | 2019 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2019，57，2： | 4 |
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