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| 1 | The Hoeke-Brown failure criterion and GSI-2018 edition显示文摘The HoekeBrown criterion was introduced in 1980 to provide input for the design of underground excavations in rock.The criterion now incorporates both intact rock and discontinuities,such as joints,characterized by the geological strength index(GSI),into a system designed to estimate the mechanical behaviour of typical rock masses encountered in tunnels,slopes and foundations.The strength and deformation properties of intact rock,derived from laboratory tests,are reduced based on the properties of discontinuities in the rock mass.The nonlinear HoekeBrown criterion for rock masses is widely accepted and has been applied in many projects around the world.While,in general,it has been found to provide satisfactory estimates,there are several questions on the limits of its applicability and on the inaccuracies related to the quality of the input data.This paper introduces relatively few fundamental changes,but it does discuss many of the issues of utilization and presents case histories to demonstrate practical applications of the criterion and the GSI system. | E.Hoek E.T.Brown | 2019 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2019，11，3： | 85 |
| 2 | Colorectal cancer: From prevention to personalized medicine显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a very heterogeneous disease that is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors.CRC develops through a gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes,leading to the transformation of normal colonic mucosa into invasive cancer.CRC is one of the most prevalent and incident cancers worldwide,as well as one of the most deadly.Approximately 1235108 people are diagnosed annually with CRC,and 609051 die from CRC annually.The World Health Organization estimates an increase of77%in the number of newly diagnosed cases of CRCand an increase of 80%in deaths from CRC by 2030.The incidence of CRC can benefit from different strategies depending on its stage:health promotion through health education campaigns(when the disease is not yet present),the implementation of screening programs(for detection of the disease in its early stages),and the development of nearly personalized treatments according to both patient characteristics(age,sex)and the cancer itself(gene expression).Although there are different strategies for screening and although the number of such strategies is increasing due to the potential of emerging technologies in molecular marker application,not all strategies meet the criteria required for screening tests in population programs;the three most accepted tests are the fecal occult blood test(FOBT),colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy.FOBT is the most used method for CRC screening worldwide and is also the primary choice in most population-based screening programs in Europe.Due to its non-invasive nature and low cost,it is one of the most accepted techniques by population.CRC is a very heterogeneous disease,and with a few exceptions(APC,p53,KRAS),most of the genes involved in CRC are observed in a small percentage of cases.The design of genetic and epigenetic marker panels that are able to provide maximum coverage in the diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia seems a reasonable strategy.In recent years,the use of DNA,RNA and protein markers in different biological samples has been explored as strategies for CRC diagnosis.Although there is not yet sufficient evidence to recommend the analysis of biomarkers such as DNA,RNA or proteins in the blood or stool,it is likely that given the quick progression of technology tools in molecular biology,increasingly sensitive and less expensive,these tools will gradually be employed in clinical practice and will likely be developed in mass. | Gemma Binefa Francisco Rodríguez-Moranta àlex Teule Manuel Medina-Hayas | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，22： | 67 |
| 3 | 奥陶纪-志留纪边界附近火山活动记录:来华南周缘钾质斑脱岩的信息显示文摘扬子地台内奥陶纪顶部的五峰组到志留纪底部的龙马溪组间存在着多个粘土岩层。前人研究结果认为这些粘土岩层为钾质斑脱岩,是火山喷发的凝灰质物质在海相环境沉积、蚀变的产物。这些斑脱岩广泛分布于扬子地台周缘,对理解奥陶纪-志留纪时华南所处的大地构造位置和相应的构造事件具有重要的意义。本文对采自扬子地台内湖北宜昌地区和贵州桐梓地区奥陶纪-志留纪界线剖面的斑脱岩层进行了矿物学及地球化学工作,旨在判定其形成的构造环境。矿物学研究表明上述岩石除了含有粘土矿物外,还含有石英、长石、黑云母、磷灰石、锆石等中酸性岩浆岩中的常见矿物,属典型的钾质斑脱岩。本文利用在风化过程中不活动元素对斑脱岩的原岩进行了恢复,结果也表明其原岩为中酸性火山岩,包括安山岩-英安岩-及流绞岩等。微量元素特征显示多数样品具有典型的岛弧火山岩的特征,很可能与北面早古生代秦岭洋的闭合过程中的板块俯冲有关,也可能是早古生代在华南板块东南缘外侧存在的一古老洋壳向华南板块的俯冲。有一个样品(YC0711)没有Nb的负异常,但是具有明显的Ti负异常,在Th/Yb-Nb/Yb判别图上落在岛弧区附近,其原岩可能是富铌玄武岩之类的特殊岛弧岩石。火山活动的峰期为晚奥陶世赫南特阶时代,与地质历史上第二大的生物大灭绝事件同时。前人认为该生物灭绝事件与冈瓦纳冰川有关。考虑到华南以及欧洲、北美等地均出现大规模晚奥陶世-早侏罗纪钾质斑脱岩,奥陶纪-志留纪边界的火山事件是具有全球规模的,所喷发的岩石多是富含挥发份的中酸性岩,对大气圈和生物圈具有十分重要的影响,本文认为火山活动很可能是造成晚奥陶世的生物大灭绝事件和冈瓦纳冰川的主要诱导因素。 | 胡艳华 孙卫东 丁兴 汪方跃 凌明星 刘健 | 2009 | 岩石学报2009，25，12： | 42 |
| 4 | 液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料中14种霉菌毒素及其类似物显示文摘采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱仪(LC-ESI-MS-MS),在多反应监测(MRM)模式下建立了饲料中玉米赤霉烯酮、黄曲霉毒素和单端孢霉烯族A类毒素等14种毒素及其类似物的快速确认测定方法。试样中的黄曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮和单端孢霉烯族A类毒素经乙腈-水(84:16,V/V)提取,正己烷脱脂及霉菌毒素多功能净化柱净化,氮气吹干,用1mL乙腈/水(1:1,V/V)定容后,进行液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,采用色谱保留时间和质谱碎片离子丰度比定性,外标法定量。采用正离子扫描和负离子扫描的方式进行仪器方法学研究,确定丰度比最高的2对离子作为监测离子,进行MRM模式定性定量分析。本方法的检出限(LOD)为0.1~0.8μg/kg;线性范围为2.0~200.0μg/L,相关系数r均大于0.999。在5.0~100μg/kg的添加水平上,上述14种霉菌毒素及其类似物的平均回收率为59.0%~107%;相对标准偏差为2.1%~12.6%。 | 应永飞 朱聪英 韦敏珏 陈慧华 屈健 陆春波 林仙军 罗成江 | 2010 | 分析化学2010，38，12： | 43 |
| 5 | 薄板冷轧厚度与板形高精度控制技术显示文摘介绍与分析目前最新薄板冷轧厚度控制技术 Mass Flow AGC及激光直接测量带钢速度技术 ,厚度偏差可控制在厚度的± (0 .7%~ 0 .6 % )范围内。分析和比较目前冷轧主流机型及其板形控制技术 。 | 许健勇 | 2002 | 钢铁2002，37，1： | 35 |
| 6 | Carbon isotope excursions across the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Meishan section, Zhejiang Province, China显示文摘Both gradual and sharp decrease in organic and carbonate carbon isotope values were detected across the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Meishan section, Changxing, Zhejiang Province, China. The gradual decrease in organic carbon isotope values started at the bottom of Bed 23, coinciding with the strong oscillations of total organic carbon (TOC) contents, indicates increasing fluxes from carbonate to organic carbon reservoir during this interval. A 2.3‰ sharp drop of inorganic carbon isotope values occurred at the uppermost part of Bed 24e. A 3.7‰ sharp drop of organic carbon isotope values occurred in Bed 26. The dramatic drop of inorganic carbon isotope value of 8‰ reported previously is not confirmed from the unweathered carbonate samples in Bed 27. The large-scale fluctuation of organic carbon isotope values in the Yinkeng Formation reflects different extent of mixing of marine and terrestrial organic matters. The gradual depletion and subsequent sharp drop of carbon isotopes near the | Changqun Cao Wei Wang Yugan Jin | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，13： | 33 |
| 7 | 超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查化妆品中的24种激素显示文摘建立了超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱组合式高分辨质谱联用(UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS)快速筛查、定性识别化妆品中24种激素的分析方法。不同剂型的化妆品样品经甲醇超声提取,用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,以乙腈和0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。通过静电场轨道阱全扫描得到激素化合物的准分子离子的精确质量数,实现对化妆品中激素的快速筛查;再以保留时间和数据依赖扫描(data dependent scan)模式获得的子离子质谱图进行定性确证。24种激素化合物的质量准确度误差小于3×10-6(3 ppm);线性良好,相关系数大于0.99;检出限≤10μg/kg(S/N=3),能满足实际化妆品样品的分析要求。应用该方法对不同剂型的50余种化妆品样品进行筛查分析,结果良好。该方法是化妆品中激素快速筛查、定性识别的有效方法。 | 李兆永 王凤美 牛增元 罗忻 张罡 陈军辉 | 2014 | 色谱2014，32，5： | 33 |
| 8 | The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system显示文摘This review summarizes research discoveries within 4 areas of exercise immunology that have received the most attention from investigators :(1) acute and chronic effects of exercise on the immune system,(2) clinical benefits of the exercise—immune relationship,(3) nutritional influen?ces on the immune response to exercise, and(4) the effect of exercise on immunosenescence. These scientific discoveries can be organized into distinctive time periods: 1900-1979, which focused on exercise-induced changes in basic immune cell counts and function; 1980-1989, during which seminal papers were published with evidence that heavy exertion was associated with transient immune dysfunction, elevated inflammatory biomarkers,and increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections; 1990-2009, when additional focus areas were added to the field of exercise immunology including the interactive effect of nutrition, effects on the aging immune system, and inflammatory cytokines; and 2010 to the present, when technological advances in mass spectrometry allowed system biology approaches(i.e., metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and microbiome characterization) to be applied to exercise immunology studies. The future of exercise irmmunology will take advantage of these technologies to provide new insights on the interactions between exercise, nutrition, and immune function, with application down to the person?alized level. Additionally, these methodologies will improve mechanistic understanding of how exercise-induced immune perturbations reduce the risk of common chronic diseases. | David C.Nieman Laurel M.Wentz | 2019 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2019，8，3： | 32 |
| 9 | 加速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定土壤中农药残留显示文摘1引言土壤中农药残留可分为杀虫剂、除草剂和杀菌剂残留。常见杀虫剂有克百威和甲氰菊酯等,常见除草剂有苯噻酰草胺、乙草胺、丙草胺、喹禾灵和草酮等,常见杀菌剂有烯酰吗啉和稻瘟灵等。克百威是广谱性杀虫剂,它与胆碱酯酶结合不可逆,因此毒性很高;乙草胺是使用量极大的除草剂之一。这两种农药的毒性远高于其它几种常见农药。快速的前处理及稳定的仪器检测是研究土壤中农药残留的关键,尤其是各类型农药的同时检测,不仅可以提高检测效率。 | 闫蕊 邵明媛 鞠福龙 宋大千 张寒琦 于爱民 | 2013 | 分析化学2013，41，2： | 26 |
| 10 | Design concept of three-dimensional section controllable internal waverider hypersonic inlet显示文摘A new hypersonic inlet named three-dimensional section controllable internal waverider inlet is presented in this paper to achieve the goal of section shape geometric transition and complete capture of the upstream mass. On the basis of the association between hypersonic waverider airframe and streamtraced hypersonic inlet, the waverider concept is extended to yield results for the internal flows, namely internal waverider concept. It is proven theoretically that not osculating cones but osculating axisymmetric theory is appropriate for the design of section controllable internal waverider inlet. And two design methods out of the internal waverider concept are proposed subsequently to construct two inlets with specific section shape request, triangle to ellipse and rectangle to ellipse ones. The calculation results show that the inlets are capable of keeping their shock structures and the main flow characteristics exactly as their derived flowfield. Further, the inlets successfully capture all the upstream mass despite their complicated cross-section transitions. It is believed that the concept proposed ex- plores a new way of designing three-dimensional hypersonic inlets with special demand of section shape transition. However, the detailed flow characteristic and the performance of the internal waverider inlets are still under investigation. | YOU YanCheng LIANG DeWang | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，7： | 24 |
| 11 | Characterization of focal liver masses using acoustic radiation force impulse elastography显示文摘AIM:To investigate the diagnostic performance of acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI) elastography for characterizing focal liver mass by quantifying their stiffness.METHODS:This prospective study included 62 patients with a focal liver mass that was well visualized on conventional ultrasonography performed in our institution from February 2011 to November 2011.Among them,12 patients were excluded for ARFI measurement failure due to a lesion that was smaller than the region of the interest and at an inaccessible location(deeper than 8 cm)(n = 7) or poor compliance to hold their breath as required(n = 5).Finally,50 patients with valid ARFI measurements were enrolled.If a patient had multiple liver masses,only one mass of interest was chosen.The masses were diagnosed by histological examination or clinical diagnostic criteria.During ultrasonographic evaluation,stiffness,expressed as velocity,was checked 10 times per focal liver mass and the surrounding liver parenchyma.RESULTS:After further excluding three masses that were non-diagnostic on biopsy,a total of 47 focal mass lesions were tested,including 39(83.0%) malignant masses [24 hepatocellular carcinomas(HCC),seven cholangiocellular carcinomas(CCC),and eight liver metastases] and eight(17.0%) benign masses(five hemangiomas and three focal nodular hyperplasias,FNH).Thirty-seven(74.0%) masses were confirmed by histological examination.The mean velocity was 2.48 m/s in HCCs,1.65 m/s in CCCs,2.35 m/s in metastases,1.83 m/s in hemangiomas,and 0.97 m/s in FNHs.Although considerable overlap was still noted between malignant and benign masses,significant differences in ARFI values were observed between malignant and benign masses(mean 2.31 m/s vs 1.51 m/s,P = 0.047),as well as between HCCs and benign masses(mean 2.48 m/s vs 1.51 m/s,P = 0.006).The areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves(AUROC) for discriminating the malignant masses from benign masses was 0.724(95%CI,0.566-0.883,P = 0.048),and the AUROC for discriminating HCCs from benign masses was 0.813(95%CI,0.649-0.976,P = 0.008).To maximize the sum of sensitivity and specificity,an ARFI value of 1.82 m/s was selected as the cutoff value to differentiate malignant from benign liver masses.Furthermore,the cutoff value for distinguishing HCCs from benign masses was also determined to be 1.82 m/s.The diagnostic performance of the sum of the ARFI values for focal liver masses and the surrounding liver parenchyma to differentiate liver masses improved(AUROC = 0.853;95%CI,0.745-0.960;P = 0.002 in malignant liver masses vs benign ones and AUROC = 0.948;95%CI,0.896-0.992,P < 0.001 in HCCs vs benign masses).CONCLUSION:ARFI elastography provides additional information for the differential diagnosis of liver masses.However,our results should be interpreted in clinical context,because considerable overlap in ARFI values existed among liver masses. | Hana Park Jun Yong Park Do Young Kim Sang Hoon Ahn Chae Yoon Chon Kwang-Hyub Han Seung Up Kim | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，2： | 22 |
| 12 | 批判的视野:媒介与社会性别研究(Media and Gender Studies)评述显示文摘一、研究动机、研究问题与研究方法
在西方学术界,'社会性别'已经和'阶级'、'种族'一样成为研究人类社会与历史的一个基本的分析范畴,在各个人文社科领域被广泛运用. | 曹晋 | 2005 | 新闻大学2005，，4： | 23 |
| 13 | 固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法同时测定地表水中16种全氟有机化合物显示文摘建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联三重四极杆质谱联用技术分析水中16种全氟有机化合物的高通量检测方法。样品经 WAX 固相萃取柱富集和净化后,采用 Waters ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18色谱柱,含2 mmol/L乙酸铵的甲醇和含2 mmol/L乙酸铵的水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用电喷雾负离子电离,多反应监测模式检测。16种全氟有机化合物在0.5~100μg/L或1.0~100μg/L 浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9987~0.9999,方法的检出限为0.06~0.46 ng/L;高、中、低3个添加水平的回收率为67.6%~103%,相对标准偏差为2.94%~12.0%。结果表明,该方法灵敏、准确且检测范围广,分析速度快,是一种适于实际水样中全氟有机化合物检测分析的方法。 | 张明 唐访良 俞雅雲 陈峰 徐建芬 叶永根 | 2014 | 色谱2014，32，5： | 22 |
| 14 | Constructal optimization for a solid-gas reactor based on triangular element显示文摘Entropy generation minimization for heat and mass transfer process in a solid-gas reactor is carried out based on constructal theory by using triangular elemental area. The aspect ratio of the triangular elemental area is optimized under constraint conditions. A number of optimal triangular elements are assembled to a new large rectangular area, which is optimised again. The procedure is repeated until the control-volume is covered, and the complete analytical results are obtained. The effects of some parameters on minimum entropy generation are analysed by nu-merical examples. The results show that smaller entropy generation can be ob-tained when the optimization for a given volume is carried out on the basis of tri-angular elements than those obtained on the basis of rectangular elements. | ZHOU ShengBing CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，9： | 21 |
| 15 | End-Permian catastrophic event of marine acidification by hydrated sulfuric acid:Mineralogical evidence from Meishan Section of South China显示文摘The event Permian-Triassic boundary (EPTB) is well marked by the famous 'white clay' of bed 25 in Mei-shan Section located in Changxing county, Zhejiang province of China. In this note, the white clay as well as its overlying and underlying sequences is investigated particularly for mineralogical records. The investigation yields three findings that contribute to better understanding the scenario of the EPTB mass extinction. (i) A red goethite-rich microlayer (0.3 mm) is first recognized to be horizontally widespread on the base of the white clay in the section. The microlayer should be considered as a macro geochemical indicator naturally tracing a catastrophic initiation at the EPTB. (ii) An interruption of marine carbonate deposition is discovered due to blank of carbonate minerals in the white clay. The discovery provides significant evidence of a marine acidification event that would occur in the paleo-ocean with marine acidity estimated at pH<4.0 at least and be triggered by the ultimate | LIANG HandongKey Laboratory of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China (e-mail: hdl6688@sina.com) | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，16： | 21 |
| 16 | TSP203系统在岩体分级中的应用研究显示文摘从工程岩体分级的发展状况出发,介绍了目前国内主要应用的三种岩体分类方法以及TSP(TunnelSeismic Prediction)203系统所能提供的有用信息。通过比较各种岩体分级方法所考虑的基本参数,探讨其与TSP203系统相结合的可能性。最后通过实例验证了TSP203系统与国标《工程岩体分级标准》相结合的有效性。 | 李华 朱自强 李键 | 2005 | 工程地球物理学报2005，2，6： | 20 |
| 17 | Systemic air embolism after transthoracic lung biopsy: A case report and review of literature显示文摘Computed tomography (CT)-guided lung biopsy is a common diagnostic procedure that is associated with various complications, including pneumothorax, hemoptysis and parenchymal hemorrhage. Systemic air embolism is a very rare (0.07%) but potentially lifethreatening complication. We report a fatal case of air embolism to the cerebral and coronary arteries confirmed by head and chest CT, followed by a review of the literature. | Wessam Bou-Assaly Perry Pernicano Ellen Hoeffner | 2010 | World Journal of Radiology2010，2，5： | 20 |
| 18 | 离心分离技术的国内现状国外进展及大规模定制设计显示文摘在现代工业中,离心分离技术已越来越重要。这不仅由于离心机和其它分离机械相比,可得到含湿量低的固相和高纯度的液相,而且具有减轻劳动强度、改善劳动条件,并具有连续运转、自动遥控、占地面积小等优点。特别是随着能源、环保和生物医药工程的发展,更促使了我国离心分离技术的迅速发展。简述了离心分离技术的国内现状、主要差距和国外进展,以及进展中的共性问题———大规模定制设计。 | 俞雷霖 奚立峰 俞如友 | 2006 | 化学世界2006，47，11： | 19 |
| 19 | WJBC 5^(th) Anniversary Special Issues(2): Proteomics In 2014, can we do better than CA125 in the early detection of ovarian cancer?显示文摘Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecologic malignancy with greater than 70% of women presenting with advanced stage disease. Despite new treatments, long term outcomes have not significantly changed in the past 30 years with the five-year overall survival remaining between 20% and 40% for stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ disease. In contrast patients with stage Ⅰ disease have a greater than 90% five-year overall survival. Detection of ovarian cancer at an early stage would likely have significant impact on mortality rate. Screening biomarkers discovered at the bench have not translated to success in clinical trials. Existing screening modalities have not demonstrated survival benefit in completed prospective trials. Advances in high throughput screening are making it possible to evaluate the development of ovarian cancer in ways never before imagined. Data in the form of human '-omes' including the proteome, genome, metabolome, and transcriptome are now available in various packaged forms. With the correct pooling of resources including prospective collection of patient specimens, integration of high throughput screening, and use of molecular heterogeneity in biomarker discovery, we are poised to make progress in ovarian cancer screening. This review will summarize current biomarkers, imaging, and multimodality screening strategies in the context of emerging technologies. | Joshua G Cohen Matthew White Ana Cruz Robin Farias-Eisner | 2014 | World Journal of Biological Chemistry2014，5，3： | 18 |
| 20 | Microbialite of anoxic condition from Permian-Triassic transition in Guizhou,China显示文摘Spherical microfossils are present in the Hindeodus parvus zone of the Lower Triassic in Ziyun,Guizhou Province. They generally range from 0.15 to 0.30 mm across,with micritic wall and filled by micro-sparry calcites,and are evenly scattered in micritic matrix. Their abundance makes the rock as-signed to microbialites. The accompanied organisms include ostracods and algal mat,but no gastro-pods or bivalves. Presence of small (<7 μm) pyrite framboids indicates that this bed formed in anoxic conditions. In some sections,this bed is overlain and underlain by tidal-flat micritic limestone with microgastropods and small burrows. Occurrence only in deposits on reef top indicates that the micro-bial organism was benthic,and needed sunlight in life. The size of the microbial fossil exceeds that of any bacteria or cyanobacteria. Thus,it does not belong to these two phyla. It may belong to lower green algae,and is assigned to a new species in a new genus,Ziyunosphaeridium sinensis gen. et sp. nov. Up to now,the rocks described as microbialites from the Permian-Triassic transition include six types: (1) porous micritic limestone such as that descried from Japan by Sano and Nakashima (1997),(2) limestone with rich globular microfossils such as that described from the Nanpanjiang Basin in China by Lehrmann (1999),(3) dendroidal limestone such as that described from the vicinity of Chongqing by Kershaw et al. (1999),(4) spherical microbial limestone adapted to anoxic environments described from Ziyun,Guizhou reported in this paper,(5) limestone with cyanobacterial fossils such as that described by Wang et al. (2005),and (6) stromatolites. All these microbialites are not reefs in the proper sense,and the argument that Permian reef ecosystems extended into the Mesozoic is incorrect. | WU YaSheng JIANG HongXia YANG Wan FAN JiaSong | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，7： | 18 |
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