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| 1 | Myopia induced by flickering light in guinea pigs: a detailed assessment on susceptibility of different frequencies显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of inducing myopia in guinea pigs by flickering light (FL) stimulation with different frequencies. METHODS: Seventy 2 -week-old guinea pigs were randomly assigned to six groups: five FL groups and a control group (n =12 for each). Animals in the five FL groups were raised under 500lx illumination with a duty diurnal cycle of 50% at a flash rate of 5, 1, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.1Hz respectively. Those in the control group were reared under steady 250lx illumination. Refraction, axial length, and radius of curvature were measured before and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks after treatment. At week 12, the eyeballs were taken out and three ocular dimensions and dry weight of sclera were measured. RESULTS: A myopic shift and axial eye length increase developed in the five FL groups. Stimulation at 0.5Hz caused greater changes in myopic shift, axial elongation, eyeball dimension, and dry weight of sclera than stimulation at other frequencies. Compared with controls, eyes in 0.5Hz group were approximately -5.5 ±1.5D more myopic with increase in horizontal, vertical, axial dimensions by 0.89 ±0.3mm, 0.69 ±0.2mm, 1.12 ±0.2mm respectively and with increase in dry weight of sclera by 0.44mg. CONCLUSION: Chronic exposure to periodic illumination at temporal frequency is attended by development of excessive ocular enlargement and myopic refractive error. Emmetropization could bedisrupted differently by frequency alteration. | Yue Di Rui Liu Ren-Yuan Chu Xing-Tao Zhou Xiao-Dong Zhou | 2013 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2013，6，2： | 9 |
| 2 | The pig as a preclinical traumatic brain injury model:current models,functional outcome measures,and translational detection strategies显示文摘Traumatic brain injury(TBI) is a major contributor of long-term disability and a leading cause of death worldwide. A series of secondary injury cascades can contribute to cell death, tissue loss, and ultimately to the development of functional impairments. However, there are currently no effective therapeutic interventions that improve brain outcomes following TBI. As a result, a number of experimental TBI models have been developed to recapitulate TBI injury mechanisms and to test the efficacy of potential therapeutics. The pig model has recently come to the forefront as the pig brain is closer in size, structure, and composition to the human brain compared to traditional rodent models, making it an ideal large animal model to study TBI pathophysiology and functional outcomes. This review will focus on the shared characteristics between humans and pigs that make them ideal for modeling TBI and will review the three most common pig TBI models–the diffuse axonal injury, the controlled cortical impact, and the fluid percussion models. It will also review current advances in functional outcome assessment measures and other non-invasive, translational TBI detection and measurement tools like biomarker analysis and magnetic resonance imaging. The use of pigs as TBI models and the continued development and improvement of translational assessment modalities have made significant contributions to unraveling the complex cascade of TBI sequela and provide an important means to study potential clinically relevant therapeutic interventions. | Holly A.Kinder Emily W.Baker Franklin D.West | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，3： | 7 |
| 3 | Dynamic changes of ocular biometric parameters:a modified form-deprivation myopia model of young guinea pigs显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the dynamic ocular biometric changes of a modified form-deprivation myopia model in young guinea pigs.METHODS:The animals were randomly assigned to two groups:the monocularly deprived facemask group(MDF,with all the right eyes covered,n =24) and the normal control group(free of facemask,n =24).Each group was then equally divided into four subgroups which were followed up for 2,4,6 and 8 weeks,respectively.Parameters measured from every eye included refraction,corneal curvature,axial length and the dry weight of sclera at the posterior pole.RESULTS:All the facemasks remained in place during the follow-up.The covered eyes developed myopia with the vitreous chamber lengthening and the dry weight of posterior sclera reduced at each time point compared with the contralateral uncovered(P <0.05 at all time points).The changes had a linear correlation with the deprivation time(P <0.05).There were no significant differences in all the parameters between the uncovered eyes of MDF group and the normal control group(P >0.05 at all time points).CONCLUSION:Monocular form deprivation with the facemask is highly effective and non-invasive in inducing axial myopia in guinea pigs.The axial myopia is mainly caused by the increased vitreous chamber length and the weakened posterior sclera rigidity.The form-deprivation eye didn't interfere with the natural development of the contralateral eye. | Hai-Lan Zhao, Jin Jiang | 2011 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2011，4，5： | 6 |
| 4 | Potential relevance of pig gut content transplantation for production and research显示文摘It is becoming increasingly evident that the gastrointestinal microbiota has a significant impact on the overall health and production of the pig.This has led to intensified research on the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota,factors affecting it,and the impact of the microbiota on health,growth performance,and more recently,behavior of the host.Swine production research has been heavily focused on assessing the effects of feed additives and dietary modifications to alter or take advantage of select characteristics of gastrointestinal microbes to improve health and feed conversion efficiency.Research on faecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) as a possible tool to improve outcomes in pigs through manipulation of the gastrointestinal microbiome is very recent and limited data is available.Results on FMT in humans demonstrating the transfer of phenotypic traits from donors to recipients and the high efficacy of FMT to treat Clostridium difficile infections in humans,together with data from pigs relating GI-tract microbiota composition with growth performance has likely played an important role in the interest towards this strategy in pig production.However,several factors can influence the impact of FMT on the recipient,and these need to be identified and optimized before this tool can be applied to pig production.There are obvious inherent biosecurity and regulatory issues in this strategy,since the donor's microbiome can never be completely screened for all possible non-desirable microorganisms.However,considering the success observed in humans,it seems worth investigating this strategy for certain applications in pig production.Further,FMT research may lead to the identification of specific bacterial group(s) essential for a particular outcome,resulting in the development of banks of clones which can be used as targeted therapeutics,rather than the broader approach applied in FMT.This review examines the factors associated with the use of FMT,and its potential application to swine production,and includes research on using the pig as model for human medical purposes. | Nuria Canibe Mark O’Dea Sam Abraham | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，3： | 6 |
| 5 | Evolution History and Development Trend of Industrialized Live Pig Breeding Model in China显示文摘Tremendous achievements of live pig industry in China are closely related to the industrialization of the industry,and development trend of the latter is essential for maintaining sustained and stable development of animal husbandry.The paper,on the basis of defining the evolution of industrialized live pig breeding model,elaborated the industrialized operation models of live pig industry in China since 1978,i.e.household operation,large-scale operation,and industrialized operation.The external environment for the development of live pig industry was analyzed,such as global economic competition,development of experience economy,and stronger green consciousness of consumers.Then development trend of industrialized live pig breeding was analyzed as'expanding international market,consolidating domestic market,integrating resources of live pig industry for the integrated operation,promoting the industrialization model and breeding technology driven by live pig processing,applying animal welfare and the internet of things in live pig breeding industry'. | Zhongming SHEN | 2013 | Asian Agricultural Research2013，5，10： | 4 |
| 6 | Establishment of a pig model of combined pancreas-kidney transplantation显示文摘INTRODUCTIONWestudiedtherecipientandgraftpathophysiologicchangesaftertransplantation,theinducementofimmunotolerance,theregula... | XU Ze Kuan, LIU Xun Liang, ZHANG Wei, MIAO Yi and DU Jing Hui | 1999 | World Journal of Gastroenterology1999，5，2： | 3 |
| 7 | Advantages of a miniature pig model in research on human hereditary hearing loss显示文摘In medical laboratory animals,the pig is the closest species to human in evolution,except for primates.As an animal model,the pig is highly concerned by many scientists,including comparative biology,developmental biology,medical genetics.Rodents as animal model for human hearing defects has are poor producibility and reliability,due to differences in anatomical structure,evolutionary rate and metabolic rate,but these happens to be the advantages of the pig model.In this paper,we will summarize the application of miniature pig in the study of human hereditary deafness. | Weiwei Guo Shi-ming Yang | 2015 | Journal of Otology2015，10，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Establisment of a novel pig model of pancreatoduodenal allotransplantation显示文摘BACKGROUND: Pancreas transplantation is a valid thera- py for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM). This study was undertaken to establish a stable pig model of whole pancreatoduodenal allotransplantation of physiologi- cally coincidence for pancreas transplantation. METHODS: The IDDM pig model was made by resection of the pancreas from the recipient. The portal vein of the donor was end-to-side anastomosed to the anterior mesen- teric vein (equal to the superior mesenteric vein) or the portal vein of the recipient. The far end of the celiac axis was anastomosed to each other. With end-to-side fashion, the duodenum of the donor was anastomosed to the jeju- num of the recipient. RESULTS: In 16 transplantations, results were satisfactory. The anatomical results and immune function including the function of the pancreas were similar to those of human be- ing. CONCLUSION: Of the pancreas of the pig, this study of pancreatic transplantation shows that the novel pig whole pancreatoduodenal allotransplantation model is ideal. | Jian-Shui Li, Yong Tang, Jiang-Tao Wei and Zhao-Da Zhang Chengdu, China Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041 , China and Department of Anesthesia, Chengdu Railway Central Hospital, Chengdu 610081, China | 2005 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2005，4，2： | 0 |
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