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| 1 | MGMT is down-regulated independently of promoter DNA methylation in rats with all-trans retinoic acidinduced spina bifida aperta显示文摘O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme, has been reported in some congenital malformations, but it is less frequently reported in neural tube defects. This study investigated MGMT mRNA expression and methylation levels in the early embryo and in different embryonic stages, as well as the relationship between MGMT and neural tube defects. Spina bifida aperta was induced in rats by a single intragastric administration of all-trans retinoic acid on embryonic day(E) 10, whereas normal control rats received the same amount of olive oil on the same embryonic day. DNA damage was assessed by detecting γ-H2 A.X in spina bifida aperta rats. Real time-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine mRNA expression of MGMT in normal control and spina bifida aperta rats. In normal controls, the MGMT mRNA expression decreased with increasing embryonic days, and was remarkably reduced from E11 to E14, reaching a minimum at E18. In the spina bifida aperta model, γ-H2 A.X protein expression was increased, and mRNA expression of MGMT was markedly decreased on E14, E16, and E18. Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction for MGMT promoter methylation demonstrated that almost all CpG sites in the MGMT promoter remained unmethylated in both spina bifida aperta rats and normal controls, and there was no significant difference in methylation level between the two groups on either E14 or E18. Our results show that DNA damage occurs in spina bifida aperta rats. The mRNA expression of MGMT is downregulated, and this downregulation is independent of promoter DNA methylation. | He-Nan Zhang Yi Guo Wei Ma Jia Xue Wei-Lin Wang Zheng-Wei Yuan | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，2： | 2 |
| 2 | Stem cell-based in utero therapies for spina bifida: implications for neural regeneration显示文摘The history: Myelomeningocele - also known as spina bifida- is a devastating congenital anomaly of the central nervoussystem that is caused by the malformation of the spinal cordand vertebral column during embryogenesis. Depending onthe location of the spina bifida lesion on the spine, patientssuffer from neurological dysfunction ranging from paresisand incontinence to complete paralysis. The current standardof care for spina bifida is in utero surgical repair of the defect,which has been shown to minimize the secondary deficits associatedwith this disorder (Adzick et al., 2011). Despite thesesuccesses, this approach does not reliably improve neurologicfunction of affected children. Several groups, including ourown, have performed studies aimed at augmenting the inutero surgical repair of spina bifida by applying principlesof stem cell and tissue engineering to provide an enhancedprotection of the exposed neural elements (Saadai et al., 2011,2013; Wang et al., 2015; Brown et al., 2016). The ultimategoal of these studies is to improve the neurologic function inpatients while maintaining the benefits of the existing fetalsurgical treatment. | Connor Long Lee Lankford Aijun Wang | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Spatiotemporal expression of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor protein during neural tube development in embryos with neural tube defects显示文摘Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor(LIFR),as a neuroregulatory cytokine receptor,generally shows a neuroprotective effect in central nervous system injuries.In this study,to understand the effect of LIFR on pathogenesis of neural tube defects,we explored spatiotemporal expression of LIFR at different stages of fetal development in normal and neural tube defect embryos.Spina bifida aperta was induced with all-trans retinoic acid on embryonic day 10 in rats,and the spatiotemporal expression of LIFR was investigated in spina bifida aperta rats and healthy rats from embryonic day 11 to 17.Real time-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were used to examine mRNA and protein expression of LIFR in healthy control and neural tube defect embryos.Results of the animal experiment demonstrated that expression of LIFR protein and mRNA in the spinal cords of normal rat embryos increased with embryonic development.LIFR was significantly downregulated in the spinal cords of spina bifida aperta rats compared with healthy rats from embryonic days 11 to 17.Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of LIFR in placenta and spinal cord in spina bifida aperta rat embryos was decreased compared with that in control embryos at embryonic day 15.Results from human embryo specimens showed that LIFR mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in spinal cords of human fetuses with neural tube defects compared with normal controls at a gestational age of 24 to 33 weeks.The results were consistent with the down-regulation of LIFR in the animal experiments.Our study revealed spatiotemporal changes in expression of LIFR during embryonic neurulation.Thus,LIFR might play a specific role in neural tube development.All animal and human experimental procedures were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University,China(approval No.2016PS106K)on February 25,2016. | Dong An Xiao-Wei Wei He-Nan Zhang Dan Liu Wei Ma Zheng-Wei Yuan | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，4： | 0 |
| 4 | Supplemental Feeding of Laying Hens with Wood Vinegar to Decrease the Ratio of n-6 to n-3 Fatty Acids in Eggs显示文摘A balanced ratio of fatty acids n-6 to n-3 in chicken eggs is important for health and to help prevent and manage obesity and other diseases.Traditionally,fish oil or flax seed has been utilized as feed additives to decrease the ratio of n-6 to n-3(n-6:n-3)fatty acids in eggs.The hull of spina date seed(HSDS)is a common agricultural waste product in China,from which wood vinegar(HSDSWV)may be derived.This study evaluated HSDSWV as a sup-plement in hen feeds to improve the quality of eggs and decrease the ratio of fatty acids n-6:n-3.HSDSWV was obtained via carbonization,and refined.Six concentrations(nil to 0.5%)of HSDSWV were prepared and fed to 6 hen groups,respectively,for 50 d.The fatty acids of the hen’s egg yolks were analyzed by gas chromatography/electron ionization-mass spectrometry(GC/EI-MS)in the selected ion monitoring(SIM)mode.The 0.2%HSDSWV resulted in the best egg yolk quality,with a lower percentage of linoleic acid(C18:2n6)and higher percentages of cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid(C20:5n3)and cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid(C22:6n3),and thus a lower n-6:n-3 ratio compared with the other HSDSWV concentrations.In addition,the eggs contained higher levels of yolk fat and egg yolk than the controls did.In conclusion,to modify the fatty acid composition of hens’eggs and obtain a balanced ratio of n-6:n-3,0.2%HSDSWV may be considered suitable as a dietary supplement in hens’feed. | ZHAO Nan XIN Hua LI Zhanchao WANG Ziming ZHANG Lening | 2019 | Chemical Research in Chinese Universities2019，35，6： | 0 |
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