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In-situ structural evolution analysis of Zr-doped Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3) coated by N-doped carbon layer as high-performance cathode for sodium-ion batteries

查看全文 作　　者：Chuan [1]Guo;Jianwei [1]Yang;Zhiyuan [1]Cui;Shuo [1]Qi;Qianqian [1]Peng;Weiwei [1]Sun;Li-Ping [1]Lv;Yi [1]Xu;Yong [1]Wang;Shuangqiang [1]Chen 高影响力作者 机构地区：[1]School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China高影响力机构 出　　处：《Journal of Energy Chemistry》索引2022年第31卷第2期,共10页高影响力期刊 基　　金：the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975154);the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Innovation Program(2019-01-07-00-09E00021);Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai;supported by The Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power。 摘　　要：With great superiorities in energy density,rate capability and structural stability,Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2) F_(3)(NVPF)has attracted much attentions as cathode of sodium ion battery(SIB),but it also faces challenges on its poor intrinsic electronic conductivity and the controversial de/sodiation mechanism.Herein,a series of Zr-doped NVPF coated by N-doped carbon layer(~5 nm in thickness,homogenously)materials are fabricated by a sol-gel method,and the optimized heteroatom-doping amounts of Zr and N doping improve intrinsic properties on enlarging lattice distance and enhancing electronic conductivity,respectively.Specifically,among all samples of Na_(3) V_(2-x)Zr_(x)(PO_(4))_(2) F_(3)/NC(NVPF-Zr-x/NC,x=0,0.01,0.02,0.05,and 0.1),the optimized electrode of NVPF-Zr-0.02/NC delivers high reversible capacities(119.2 mAh g^(-1) at0.5 C),superior rate capability(98.1 mA h g^(-1) at 20 C)and excellent cycling performance.The structural evolution of NVPF-Zr-0.02/NC electrode,in-situ monitored by X-ray diffractometer,follows a step-wise Na-extraction/intercalation mechanism with reversible multi-phase changes,not just a solid-solutionreaction one.Full cells of NVPF-Zr-0.02/NC//hard carbon demonstrate high capacity(99.8 mA h g^(-1) at 0.5 C),high out-put voltage(3.5 V)and good cycling stability.This work is favorable to accelerate the development of high-performance cathode materials and explore possible redox reaction mechanisms of SIBs. 关 键 词：Sodium ion batteries Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3) Zr-doping N-doped carbon In-situ structural analysis
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