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| 1 | Pneumatic programmable superrepellent surfaces显示文摘Morphological transformation of surface structures is widely manifested in nature and highly preferred for many applications such as wetting interaction;however,in situ tuning of artificial morphologies independent of smart responsive materials remains elusive.Here,with the aid of microfluidics,we develop a pneumatic programmable superrepellent surface by tailoring conventional wetting materials(e.g.,polydimethylsiloxane)with embedded flexible chambers connecting a microfluidic system,thus realizing a morphological transformation for enhanced liquid repellency based on a nature‐inspired rigid‐flexible hybrid principle(i.e.,triggering symmetry breaking and oscillator coupling mechanisms).The enhancement degree can be in situ tuned within around 300 ms owing to pneumatically controllable chamber morphologies.We also demonstrate that the surface can be freely programmed to achieve elaborated morphological pathways and gradients for preferred droplet manipulation such as directional rolling and bouncing.Our study highlights the potential of an in situ morphological transformation to realize tunable wettability and provides a programmable level of droplet control by intellectualizing conventional wetting materials. | Songtao Hu Xiaobao Cao Tom Reddyhoff Xijia Ding Xi Shi Daniele Dini Andrew J.deMello Zhike Peng Zuankai Wang | 2022 | Droplet2022，1，1： | 1 |
| 2 | Hydrovoltaic energy from water droplets:Device configurations,mechanisms,and applications显示文摘Water,the source of life,contains immense energy and manifests in diverse forms.Hydrovoltaic technology enables the direct interaction between water and materials to generate electricity,a vital necessity for industry modernization.Due to the ubiquitous presence and easy availability of falling water,hydrovoltaic energy derived from water droplets has attracted considerable attention and shown great potential in raindrop energy harvesting.In this review,a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements in harvesting hydrovoltaic energy from water droplets is presented,with a focus on the configurations and underlying mechanisms of hydrovoltaic devices.Additionally,a brief discussion on the applications of dropletbased hydrovoltaic devices is presented,along with future prospects for this energyharvesting technology. | Luxian Li Xiang Wang Wei Deng Jun Yin Xuemei Li Wanlin Guo | 2023 | Droplet2023，2，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Identification of metal-air batteries from water energy harvesters显示文摘Capillary‐enabled water energy harvesters(WEHs)are capable of generating directcurrent electricity continuously.However,active‐metal electrodes can introduce metal–air batteries in these WEHs.Given the nearly identical device structures and output characteristics of these two technologies,it is essential to distinguish between them.Herein,we present a systematic study of the water‐activated metal–air battery(WMB)through theoretical analyses and experimental verifications.We conclude the general formation rules of the WMB from a material and device‐structure perspective.Furthermore,we provide a comparative summary of various WEHs and WMBs for easy identification.We aim to improve the comprehension of metal–air batteries in the field of WEHs and assist in distinguishing between these technologies. | Xiaote Xu Xiaodan Yang Zhuomin Zhang Ying Hong Shiyuan Liu Yao Shan Zehua Peng Siyuan Wang Xi Yao Zhengbao Yang | 2023 | Droplet2023，2，4： | 1 |
| 4 | High‐performance and wide relative humidity passive evaporative cooling utilizing atmospheric water显示文摘Global warming and increased living standards have rapidly increased the demand for cooling systems.Meeting this demand in less economically developed areas is highly challenging due to a lack of electricity.In this paper,we have demonstrated a high‐performance and wide relative humidity(RH)solar‐driven evaporative cooling strategy that uses only atmospheric water.Developed here for the first time,we designed a metal–organic framework(MOF‐801)based composite with a high‐performance atmospheric water absorption across a wide range of RH.The as‐synthesized composite can adsorb atmospheric water up to~22%(~80%)of its weight at an RH@28%(~70%).Our demonstration has shown that the corresponding cooling powers range from 136 to 344 W/m2 in a wide range of RH and solar intensities,and the passive cooling temperature is up to 14°C lower than the device's reference counterpart.Our study thus proposes a solar‐driven cooling coating with high cooling powers across a wide range of RH based on an as‐synthesized composite,which pinpoints a pathway to replace traditional compression‐based cooling systems(e.g.,air conditioners)and which will also have a significant impact in future global energy consumption. | Guang Wang Yang Li Huihe Qiu He Yan Yanguang Zhou | 2023 | Droplet2023，2，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Superhydrophobicity-mediated enhanced enzymatic kinetics and high-performance bioassays显示文摘As a typical superwettability behavior,superhydrophobicity can provide an appropriate strategy to enhance the mass transport in multiphase chemical reactions.In the oxidase-based enzymatic reactions,the elaborately regulating of reactant oxygen are critical to the development of an oxidase-based high-performance biosensor.In solid–liquid diphase condition,however,the kinetics of oxidase-catalyzed reactions is inhibited by delayed mass transport and poor solubility of oxygen.To address this limitation,the design of the solid–liquid–air triphase interface is proposed according to the binary cooperation of superhydrophobicity and hydrophilicity.On the triphase joint interface,oxygen required for the oxidase-catalyzed reactions can diffuse directly to the reaction center from the air phase through the micro/nanostructured superhydrophobic substrate,thus improving the kinetics of the oxidase-catalyzed reactions.In this minireview,we summarize recent advances in the fabrication of triphase reaction system based on different superhydrophobic substrate for oxidase-based biosensors.Common substrates including fibrous network,nanowire arrays,3D porous framework,and hollow sphere structures are outlined in categories. | Dandan Wang Liping Chen Xinjian Feng | 2023 | Droplet2023，2，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Regulating droplet impact symmetry by surface engineering显示文摘Droplet impact on solid surfaces is essential both in nature and industry.Precisely regulating the dynamic behavior of droplet impact is of great significance for energy harvesting,anti-icing,inkjet printing,pesticide spraying,and many other fields.Various rebounding behaviors(deposition,rebounding,rotation,instability control,and so on)and rebounding intrinsic parameters(such as contact time)after droplets impacting on solid surfaces can be regulated by surface engineering.This paper reviews the advances in regulating droplet impact behavior from the perspective of symmetry by modifying solid surfaces from the following aspects:chemical modification and physical structure regulation,in which the symmetry is discussed from mirror symmetry and rotational symmetry.Firstly,the symmetry of the droplet impact dynamics and its influencing factors are introduced.Then the modulation of droplet impact symmetry,using homogeneous and heterogeneous chemically modified solid surfaces,is summarized.The following presents the influence of physical structures,from micro to macro scale compared to the droplet size,on the droplet impact symmetry.Finally,the future challenges and opportunities of the droplet impact behavior regulation are discussed。 | Zhipeng Zhao Huizeng Li Quan Liu An Li Luanluan Xue Renxuan Yuan Xinye Yu Rujun Li Xiao Deng Yanlin Song | 2023 | Droplet2023，2，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Bionic multifunctional fibrous materials for efficient oil/water separation显示文摘Special wettability fibrous materials have received a lot of attention because of their good connectivity,mechanical flexibility,large specific surface area,and ease of shape manipulation.Their outstanding performance paves the way toward efficient oil/water separation in a variety of environments and for separation requirements.This paper discusses the distinct advantages,challenges,and future research directions of various substrates for fibrous materials,such as nonwoven natural biomass fibers,fabrics,electrospinning fibers,metallic fibers,and inorganic nonmetallic fibers.The special wettability fibrous filter materials and fibrous adsorbents are summarized based on the different separation methods.The principles of preparation of various special wettabilities are introduced,and the unique advantages of fibrous adsorbents are emphasized.The preparation strategy of fibrous filter materials is discussed,as well as some representative work and research progress.The benefits,drawbacks,and research directions in terms of various materials are examined.This article emphasizes the pollution resistance of fibrous filter materials and the elasticity of fibrous adsorbents.Finally,the prospects in terms of the problems,challenges,and future development of special wettability fibrous materials used in oil/water separation are discussed. | Yuyan Guo Zhiguang Guo Weimin Liu | 2023 | Droplet2023，2，3： | 0 |
| 8 | Droplet impact on a wettability-patterned woven mesh显示文摘Droplet impact and breakup on meshes are relevant to a number of applications involving filters,textiles,and other spatially inhomogeneous media encountering gasdispersed liquids.This study presents high-resolution simulation results of mm-size droplets striking wettability-patterned meshes with the goal of(a)replicating prior physical experiments,(b)identifying sensitivities to the initial conditions and wettability of the mesh wires,and(c)studying the fluid-field dynamics when droplets strike such meshes.The insights from the present model may help to advance understanding of droplet atomization on meshes,which depends on a number of parameters that are nontrivial to control in an experimental setting.The analysis is carried out by benchmarking the numerical methods used in a commercial software package for orthogonal droplet impact on a flat smooth surface,followed by a convergence analysis,and finally,simulation of specific experiments and case studies involving wettability-patterned mesh targets.We show that the wettability contrast between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains on the mesh as well as the contact angle hysteresis on each side play a critical role in determining whether liquid pinchoff occurs.The three-dimensional computational framework constructed in this work is a step toward predicting the postimpact behavior of droplets that strike woven meshes and other porous inhomogeneous media consisting of materials with different wetting properties. | Sotiris Catsoulis Uddalok Sen Jens H.Walther Constantine M.Megaridis | 2023 | Droplet2023，2，3： | 0 |
| 9 | Thermocapillary flow-induced core release from double-emulsion droplets in microchannels显示文摘The use of double emulsions(DEs),which represent colloidal structures composed of droplets nested within droplets,can provide for unparallel droplet manipulation in droplet-based microfluidic technology due to their unique core–shell structures.The controlled release of cores in DEs is of particular interest.However,this process remains poorly explored.In this work,the thermocapillary flow induced by a temperature gradient is used as a driving force to control the core release and the impacts of different linear temperature gradients,core diameters,shell diameter,and core/shell diameter ratios on the thermocapillary flow and core release characteristics of DE droplets consisting of a water-in-n-hexadecane-in-water system within a cylindrical microchannel are investigated.Most of the core and shell diameter conditions considered result in a double-core release process,where the inner droplet volume is partially ejected before the remaining core is rewrapped by the outer droplet,and the remaining inner droplet volume is ejected later during a second core release event.However,relatively small core diameters of 50 and 75μm produce conditions where the full inner droplet volume is ejected during a singlecore release process.In addition,we provide empirical relationships for accurately determining the time at which core release initially occurs under given DE parameters as well as for precisely determining whether the applied conditions will lead to single-or double-core release processes.Therefore,the results of this study provide insights enabling the development of accurate inner droplet release technologies under thermocapillary migration. | Jingyi Qin Zhibin Wang Ying Chen Songping Mo Jian Liu | 2023 | Droplet2023，2，3： | 0 |
| 10 | Hybrid electrodes effective for both electrowetting-and dielectrowetting-driven digital microfluidics显示文摘Electrowetting on dielectric(EWOD)and dielectrowetting(DEW)are two major principles to drive droplets in digital microfluidics.EWOD is effective to manipulate(create,transport,split,and merge)conductive droplets being currently used for many biological,chemical,and optical applications.DEW can also manipulate droplets but more efficiently with dielectric(nonconductive)fluids.A digital microfluidic platform efficiently operable by both EWOD and DEW would offer higher versatility in handling a wide range of fluids,regardless of their conductivities.In this regard,this article presents a new hybrid electrode design enabling EWOD and DEW to drive various kinds of droplet fluids on a single platform.In addition,a slippery liquid-infused surface(SLIPS)is integrated with the hybrid electrodes.The SLIPS is well known to resist biofouling and repel sticky fluids,which endows the hybrid electrodes with much wider application spectra.As a result,the present SLIPS-integrated hybrid electrodes facilitate actuating various kinds of fluids which would not be driven by conventional EWOD and/or DEW electrodes.This paper presents the successful transportation of not only conductive fluids including water,protein solution,glycerol,and honey but also nonconductive fluids including dodecane,silicone oil,and light and heavy crude oil,all driven by the SLIPS-integrated hybrid electrodes.The performance comparisons among solid,interdigitating,and hybrid electrodes are made by testing both conductive and nonconductive droplets. | Hongyao Geng Sung Kwon Cho | 2023 | Droplet2023，2，3： | 0 |
| 11 | Droplet orthogonal impact on nonuniform wettability surfaces显示文摘The vast majority of prior studies on droplet impact have focused on collisions of liquid droplets with spatially homogeneous(i.e.,uniform-wettability)surfaces.But in recent years,there has been growing interest on droplet impact on nonuniform wettability surfaces,which are more relevant in practice.This paper presents first an experimental study of axisymmetric droplet impact on wettability-patterned surfaces.The experiments feature millimeter-sized water droplets impacting centrally with We<100 on a flat surface that has a circular region of wettabilityθ_(1)(Area 1)surrounded by a region of wettabilityθ_(2)(Area 2),whereθ_(1)<θ_(2)(i.e.,outer domain is less wettable than the inner one).Depending upon the droplet momentum at impact,the experiments reveal the existence of three possible regimes of axisymmetric spreading,namely(I)interior(only within Area 1)spreading,(II)contact-line entrapment at the periphery of Area 1,and(III)exterior(extending into Area 2)spreading.We present an analysis based on energetic principles forθ_(1)<θ_(2),and further extend it for cases whereθ_(1)>θ_(2)(i.e.,the outer domain is more wettable than the inner one).The experimental observations are consistent with the scaling and predictions of the analytical model,thus outlining a strategy for predicting droplet impact behavior for more complex wettability patterns. | Shashwata Moitra Mohamed Elsharkawy Antonio Russo Sreya Sarkar Ranjan Ganguly Pietro Asinari Constantine M.Megaridis | 2023 | Droplet2023，2，3： | 0 |
| 12 | Target slinging of droplets with a flexible cantilever显示文摘Control of the directional bounce of droplets impacting solid surfaces is crucial for many agricultural and industrial applications.However,for the universal impact process of raindrops on plant leaves,little is known about how the highly coupled and complicated fluid–structure interaction controls the postimpact motion of droplets and endows the leaves with tenacious vitality.Here,we report a leaf-like superhydrophobic cantilever to flexibly bounce droplets with well-defined directionality and controllability.Through theoretical modeling and three-dimensional fluid–solid coupling simulations,we find that the flexible cantilever significantly relieves the impacting forces of raindrops to reduce droplet fragmentation and enhance water repellency.The results further uncover the scaling relations of the droplet bouncing direction with respect to Weber number and cantilever stiffness.By this technique,the seemed disorganized postimpact movements of droplets are programmable and predictable,achieving the goal of where to point and where to hit automatically.This work advances the understanding of natural droplet impact phenomena,opens a new avenue for delicately controlling liquid motion in space with soft materials,and inspires a plethora of applications like soft robots to transport materials and energies,monitor plant growth as well as predict pathogen transmission in plants. | Wei Fang Shun Wang Hu Duan Shahid Ali Tahir Kaixuan Zhang Lixia Wang Xi-Qiao Feng Meirong Song | 2023 | Droplet2023，2，3： | 0 |
| 13 | Reproducible reformation of a bilayer lipid membrane using microair bubbles显示文摘Planar bilayer lipid membranes(BLMs)are widely used as models for cell membranes in various applications,including drug discovery and biosensors.However,the nanometer-thick bilayer structure,assembled through hydrophobic interactions of amphiphilic lipid molecules,makes such BLM systems mechanically and electrically unstable.In this study,we developed a device to reform BLMs using a microair bubble.The device consists of a double well divided by a separator with a microaperture,where a BLM was formed by infusing a lipiddispersed solvent and an aqueous droplet into each well in series.When the BLM ruptured,a microair bubble was injected from the bottom of the well to split the merged aqueous droplet at the microaperture,which resulted in the reformation of two lipid monolayers on the split droplets.By bringing the two droplets into contact,a new BLM was formed.An angled step design was introduced in the BLM device to guide the bubble and ensure the splitting of the merged droplet.We also elucidated the optimal bubble inflow rate for the reproducible BLM reformation.Using a 4-channel parallel device,we demonstrated the individual and repeatable reformation of BLMs.Our approach will aid the development of automated and arrayed BLM systems. | Izumi Hashimoto Toshihisa Osaki Hirotaka Sugiura Hisatoshi Mimura Sho Takamori Norihisa Miki Shoji Takeuchi | 2023 | Droplet2023，2，3： | 0 |
| 14 | Programmable droplet manipulation enabled by charged-surface pattern reconfiguration显示文摘Programmable droplet manipulation based on external stimulation is in high demand in various modern technologies.Despite notable progress,current manipulation strategies still suffer from a common drawback such as single control means of modulating the external stimulation input,which leads to huge challenges in sophisticated and large scale-up droplet handling.Herein,a unique patternreconfiguration-driven droplet manipulation method is developed on conductive/nonconductive pattern surfaces under charge deposition.Contactless charge deposition induces the“edge barrier”phenomenon at the boundaries of conductive/nonconductive patterns,analogous to an invisible and tunable wall guiding droplet behaviors.The edge barrier effect can be flexibly tuned by the nonconductive surface pattern.Thus,with charge deposition,surfaces are endowed with protean control functionality.The design of conductive/nonconductive patterns can effectively enable multifunction droplet manipulations,including track-guided sliding,sorting,merging,and mixing.Moreover,dynamical pattern reconfiguration drives programmable fluidics with sophisticated and large scale-up droplet handling capabilities in a low-cost and simple approach. | Duokui Fang Wenhao Zhou Yuankai Jin Xiaofeng Liu Yubin Zeng Zuankai Wang Huai Zheng | 2023 | Droplet2023，2，3： | 0 |
| 15 | Small droplet,big world显示文摘It is hard to imagine something as scientifically and visually beautiful as droplets and bubbles.In nature,plants and animals use droplets and bubbles to survive,evolve,and flourish.Beetles in the Namib Desert drink from droplets on their backs collected from the fogladen wind,pistol shrimps utilize collapsing bubbles to stun prey,and pathogenic microbes spread through tiny droplets seeking new hosts. | Luquan Ren Chang‐Jin Kim Zuankai Wang | 2022 | Droplet2022，1，1： | 0 |
| 16 | Quantifying contact line friction via oscillating droplet dynamics显示文摘It was Wolfgang Pauli who famously said that“God made the bulk,but the surface was invented by the devil”.The intermediate case of a liquid droplet sitting on a hydrophobic textured surface thus represents a very special kind of Purgatory—as anyone who has tried to measure the apparent contact angle in such a three‐phase equilibrium configuration can attest. | Gareth H.McKinley | 2022 | Droplet2022，1，1： | 0 |
| 17 | Goose‐bumpy materials显示文摘Modifying the topography of a surface often leads to valuable properties.For instance,goosebumps appear on our skin when we are cold,which erects hairs and potentially traps heat along our body.Bumps can also deeply modify the way a hydrophobic solid interacts with water,transforming it into a repellent material.1 Both states are indeed different:While a water drop meets a hydrophobic solid with a contact size comparable to that of the drop,this contact nearly vanishes in the repellent state,which makes the liquid amazingly mobile.Drops then(quickly)move under the action of tiny forces,and they bounce like elastic marbles at impact. | David Quéré | 2022 | Droplet2022，1，1： | 0 |
| 18 | Making use of water droplets as a sustainable green energy source显示文摘In 2012,the first triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)was invented to convert mechanical energy into electricity via the coupling effects of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction.1 Since then,extensive efforts have been devoted into increasing the output power density of these energy harvesters,and the milestones have been summarized in Figure 1a with a maximum power density of 10MW/m2.2 Among the exciting achievements in TENG field,the liquid–solidbased TENGs(L–S TENG)are paving their ways for harvesting water energy from oceans,raindrops. | Yanqin Yang Chengkuo Lee | 2022 | Droplet2022，1，1： | 0 |
| 19 | Bioinspired materials for droplet manipulation:Principles,methods and applications显示文摘Droplet manipulation techniques such as transport and merging have been widely used in many fields including biology,chemistry,material and energy applications.Moreover,droplet manipulation strategies have been extensively investigated and reviewed in terms of droplet placement on solid surfaces.However,less attention has been paid to the practice of droplet manipulation technology in other environments,limiting our understanding and the broadening of technology application.In this article,we provided an overview of the recent progress in controlling droplets in various situations,including droplet manipulation on a surface mediated by the passive strategy(Laplace pressure and wettability gradients)and active strategy(electric field,magnetic field,light and heat).We also presented the principle of droplet manipulation and detailed the application of bionic surfaces in droplet manipulation,and the applications and prospects of droplet manipulation technology were summarized. | Jinkai Xu Siyu Xiu Zhongxu Lian Huadong Yu Jiaji Cao | 2022 | Droplet2022，1，1： | 0 |
| 20 | Oscillating droplet tribometer for sensitive and reliable wetting characterization of superhydrophobic surfaces显示文摘Accurate wetting characterization is crucial for the development of next‐generation superhydrophobic surfaces.Traditionally,wetting properties are measured with a contact angle goniometer(CAG)suitable for a broad range of surfaces.However,due to optical errors and challenges in baseline positioning,the CAG method suffers from inaccuracies on superhydrophobic surfaces.Here we present an improved version of the oscillating droplet tribometer(ODT),which can reliably assess wetting properties on superhydrophobic surfaces by measuring the frictional forces of a water‐based ferrofluid droplet oscillating in a magnetic field.We demonstrate that ODT has superior accuracy compared to CAG by measuring the wetting properties of four different superhydrophobic surfaces(commercial Glaco and Hydrobead coatings,black silicon coated with fluoropolymer,and nanostructured copper modified with lauric acid).We show that ODT can detect the small but significant changes in wetting properties caused by the thermal restructuring of surfaces that are undetectable by CAG.Even more,unlike any other wetting characterization technique,ODT features an inverse sensitivity:the more repellent the surface,the lower the error of measurement,which was demonstrated by experiments and simulations. | Muhammad Junaid Heikki A.Nurmi Mika Latikka Maja Vuckovac Robin H.A.Ras | 2022 | Droplet2022，1，1： | 0 |
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