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| 1 | 三七精准煮散饮片的研制--质量均一性分析显示文摘目的:饮片质量均一性是中药临床疗效稳定的基础,利用化学指纹图谱结合DNA分子鉴定技术考察三七精准煮散饮片与市售原饮片质量的均一性。方法:应用第二内转录间隔区(ITS2)序列DNA条形码对三七饮片进行分子鉴定;对比三七市售原饮片及精准煮散饮片的干膏收率;采用HPLC-DAD检测3批三七饮片混合粉碎前后的质量均一性和指纹图谱相似度。结果:三七煮散饮片出膏率显著高于原饮片出膏率;不同批次原饮片间指标成分三七皂苷R_1,人参皂苷Rg_1及Rb_1溶出量有明显的差异性,RSD分别为13.1%,32.7%及24.5%,混合制成煮散饮片后溶出量差异减小,RSD分别为3.6%,2.6%及3.5%;精准煮散饮片提取液中化学成分溶出量较原饮片高。混合粉碎后指纹图谱相似度提高,标定了共有峰14个,峰面积均有提高。结论:三七精准煮散饮片与市售原饮片基本属性相一致,但煮散饮片的浸出、有效成分溶出及质量均一性均有明显提高,提示煮散饮片可提高临床用药的精准性。 | 张靖 雷迪 丘小惠 黄志海 徐文 李西文 Julie A.Hawkins 陈士林 | 2017 | 中国实验方剂学杂志2017，23，11： | 9 |
| 2 | Medicinal plants of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Daodi:Insights fromphylogeny and biogeography显示文摘Objective: The Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015) includes 584 plant medicines, of which 284 also contain high quality subsets, so called 'Daodi' components, where Daodi denotes superior clinical properties compared to non-Daodi counterparts despite being sourced from the same species. Commercial and clinical drivers of selection for Daodi have been described elsewhere. Our objective is to investigate the overall composition of Daodi to determine in what ways medicines with Daodi as a whole differ from the other plants of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. A further objective is to characterise the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Daodi in terms of the plant species including their traits and distribution.Methods: We used trait analysis to identify whether Daodi species were significantly different from the remaining Chinese Pharmacopoeia plant species in any traits. We used biogeographic methods and an existing classification of Daodi into 10 regions to identify spatial patterns amongst the species. Regression and binomial analyses were used to test for over-and under-use of plant families and endemic species.Preferences for lineages were visualized using phylogenetic mapping.Results: We found that Daodi species(species with any Daodi subset) were more likely to be roots that are 'hot' or 'warm', and less likely to be 'oxic', according to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) concepts. Roots were over-represented in the Bei region, and whole plants over-represented in Guang. Both the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Daodi indicated preferences for families not common in previously studied ethnopharmacopoeias, and fewer endemic species were represented than expected by chance.Conclusion: Using the phylogenetic and biogeographical methods, we highlighted patterns of plant use,and the biological characters of Daodi medicinal plants. Our study points towards cultural preferences in need of scientific explanation. | Di Lei Jie wu Christine Leon Lin-fang Huang Julie A.Hawkins | 2018 | Chinese Herbal Medicines2018，10，3： | 7 |
| 3 | 鸡血藤精准煮散饮片与原饮片质量的对比性研究显示文摘目的:本研究采用化学指纹图谱法及DNA条形码分子鉴定技术对鸡血藤饮片煮散质量体系进行探索研究。方法:应用ITS2序列作为DNA条形码对鸡血藤进行鉴定,对比鸡血藤原饮片及精准煮散饮片的出膏率;收集3个批次鸡血藤饮片,采用HPLC法进行3批次饮片混合粉碎前后质量均一性、指纹图谱与相似度评价。结果:ITS2序列对鸡血藤药材可实现准确鉴定。鸡血藤煮散饮片出膏率及指标成分表儿茶素含量均略高于原饮片;原饮片批间表儿茶素溶出量有明显差异性RSD为11.0%,混合后制成煮散饮片后差异性明显降低RSD为1.0%。指纹图谱中14个共有峰相对峰面积均有所提高,RSD值明显减少。结论:鸡血藤精准煮散饮片提高原饮片的浸出率,成分溶出率及质量均一性,表明鸡血藤煮散饮片有较好的的临床应用优势。 | 徐文 雷迪 张靖 徐江 黄志海 丘小惠 Julie A.Hawkins 陈士林 | 2017 | 世界科学技术-中医药现代化2017，19，1： | 4 |
| 4 | A test of BIOME-BGC with dendrochronology for forests along the altitudinal gradient of Mt. Changbai in northeast China显示文摘Aims Process-based models are basic tools for predicting the response of forest carbon to future climate change.The models have commonly been tested for their predictions of spatial variation in forest produc-tivity,but much less for their ability to predict temporal variation.Here,we explored methods to test the models with tree rings,using BIOME-BGC as an example.Methods We used net primary productivity(NPP)data and tree rings col-lected from five major forest types along the altitudinal gradient of Mt.Changbai,northeast China,to test local-parameterized BIOME-BGC model.We first test the model’s predictions of both spatial(Test 1)and temporal changes(Test 2)in productivity.Then we test if the model can detect the climatic factors limiting forest productiv-ity during historical climate change,as revealed by dendroclimatic analyses(Test 3).Important Findings Our results showed that BIOME-BGC could well simulate NPP of five forest types on Mt.Changbai,with an r^(2) of 0.69 between mod-eled and observed NPP for 17 plots along the altitudinal gradient(Test 1).Meanwhile,modeled NPP and ring-width indices were cor-related and showed similar temporal trends for each forest type(Test 2).While these tests suggest that the model’s predictions on spatial and temporal variation of NPP were acceptable,a further test that relate the correlations of modeled NPP with climate variables to the correlations of ring widths with climate(Test 3)showed that the model did not well identify the climatic factors limiting historical productivity dynamics for some forest types,and thus cannot reli-ably predict their future.Both dendrochronology and BIOME-BGC showed that forest types differed markedly in the climate factors limiting productivity because of differences in tree species and cli-mate condition,and thus differed in responses to climate change.Our results showed that a successful prediction of spatial NPP pat-terns cannot assure that BIOME-BGC can well simulate histori-cal NPP dynamics.Further,a correlation between modeled NPP and tree-ring series cannot assure that the limiting climatic factors for productivity have been correctly identified by the model.Our results suggest the necessity to test the temporal predictions of pro-cess-based models in a more robust way,and further integration of dendrochronology and biogeochemistry modeling may be helpful for this purpose. | Yulian Wu Xiangping Wang Shuai Ouyang Kai Xu Bradford A.Hawkins Osbert Jianxin Sun | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，3： | 2 |
| 5 | Presurgical multimodality neuroimaging in electroencephalographic lateralized temporal lobe epilepsy显示文摘 | Robert C.Knowlton Kenneth D.Laxer GabrieleEnde Randall A.Hawkins Stephen T. C.Wong Gerald B.Matson Howard A.Rowley GeorgeFein Michael W.Weiner | 2004 | Ann Neurol2004，，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Post‐Eocene climate change, niche conservatism, and the latitudinal diversity gradient of New World birds显示文摘 | Bradford A.Hawkins José Alexandre FelizolaDiniz‐Filho Carlos A.Jaramillo Stephen A.Soeller | 2006 | Journal of Biogeography2006，，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Profound lymphopenia and bacteraemia显示文摘 | C. A.Hawkins P.Collignon D. N.Adams F. J.Bowden M. C.Cook | 2006 | Internal Medicine Journal2006，，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Biogeographical affinities and evolution of terrestrial fauna in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas:a case study of Aphidomorpha显示文摘The history of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas(QTPH)region makes it a‘living laboratory'for understanding how the Earth's abiotic evolution has shaped regional biotas.However,no studies to date have attempted to investigate general macro-scale biogeographical patterns and biogeographical affinities of the QTPH terrestrial fauna in a global context.Based on the analyses of the global distributions of QTPH Aphidomorpha species,we examined generalized distribution patterns for them and investigated the biogeographical affinities between the QTPH and other regions.Track analysis and cluster analysis of the global distributions of 298 Aphidomorpha species in the QTPH identified seven generalized biogeographical tracks and eight general distribution patterns.Both approaches detected similarly generalized distribution patterns.Four marginal areas where the generalized tracks intersect,i.e.the eastern Himalayas,the western Himalayas,the Hengduan Mountains,and the northeastern QTPH,were identified as biogeographical nodes.The generalized distribution patterns indicate the biogeographical affinities between the QTPH and other regions and suggest the complex nature of the QTPH fauna.A spatial congruence between the nodes and diversity centres detected by previous studies indicates the four marginal areas have been key areas in fauna evolution as centres for faunal exchange as well as glacial refugia.Based on the biogeographical patterns,the geological history of the QTPH and the evolutionary history of Aphidomorpha,we propose an evolutionary scenario for the evolution of the QTPH aphid fauna in which faunal exchanges,vicariance due to the uplift of geographical barriers,environmental heterogeneity and Quarternary glaciations have shaped the diversity patterns and fauna in the QTPH. | Xiaolei Huang Samiran Chakrabarti Junjie Li Bradford A.Hawkins Gexia Qiao | 2023 | Zoological Systematics2023，48，2： | 0 |
| 9 | Problems in the Language Form and Function Debate and a Way Forward显示文摘A much debated issue in linguistics involves the extent to which the forms of languages(phonemes,morphemes,words,phrases and syntactic structures)have been shaped by the functions that languages perform.This paper begins by defining what these'functions'are:the forms of language must express(i.e.be capable of being paired with)an infinite set of meanings in a consistent way;these form-meaning pairings must be readily processable by language producers and comprehenders in real time;and they must be readily learnable.This paper then focuses on the processability function,and enumerates some problems that complicate discussions of whether processing has actually played a role in shaping grammars,especially in morphology and syntax.Most of these problems,it is argued,are the result of unresolved issues in current theories regarding e.g.the precise relationship between production and comprehension,the measurement of working memory load,and the relationship between prediction and the integration of preceding and following items in on-line processing.I argue here that the linguistic question of explaining why the world’s grammars are the way they are,and understanding the role of processing in explaining grammatical forms,need not,and cannot,wait for these big general issues to be resolved in psycholinguistics.Instead,we can adopt a more empirical approach that compares patterns in grammatical forms and structures across languages with relevant empirical patterns in usage data within languages,from corpora and experiments.This more empirical approach allows us to test whether there is,or is not,a match between grammatical data on the one hand,and usage data on the other,that are the products of the processing mechanisms that psycholinguistic theories are trying to def ine.These patterns can be described in theory-general or-neutral ways and they can shed light on whether grammatical forms have been shaped by performance,without us having to f ill in all the details of the contributing processing theories.This paper illustrates two empirically based descriptive principles and their supporting data,Minimize Domains and Minimize Forms,and considers these methodological issues. | John A.Hawkins | 2015 | Language and Semiotic Studies2015，1，4： | 0 |
| 10 | Global climate change is confounding species conservation strategies显示文摘Most organisms face similar problems with respect to their conservation in the face of global climate change.Here,we examine probable effects of climate change on the hyperdiverse plant family Orchidaceae.In the 20th century,the major concerns for orchid conservation revolved around unsustainable harvest for the orchid trade and,more importantly,land conversion from natural ecosystems to those unable to support wild orchid populations.Land conversion included logging,fire regimes and forest conversions to agricultural systems.Although those forms of degradation continue,an additional suite of threats has emerged,fueled by global climate change.Global climate change involves more than responses of orchid populations to increases in ambient temperature.Increasing temperature induces secondary effects that can be more significant than simple changes in temperature.Among these new threats are extended and prolonged fire seasons,rising sea levels,increases in cyclonic storms,seasonal climate shifts,changes in orthographic wind dew point and increased drought.The long-term outlook for orchid biodiversity in the wild is dismal,as it is for many animal groups,and we need to start rethinking strategies for conservation in a rapidly changing world. | Harold KOOPOWITZ Bradford A.HAWKINS | 2012 | Integrative Zoology2012，7，2： | 0 |
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