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| 1 | Impact of sole and combined application of biochar,organic and chemical fertilizers on wheat crop yield and water productivity in a dry tropical agro-ecosystem显示文摘Agriculture under changing climate scenario is facing major challenges of water scarcity and resource imbalances.Crop water productivity(WP)may act as an indicator of crop responses to water limitation.Organic amendments such as biochar and manure application to soil are suggested for improving soil quality and reducing water requirements from agricultural sector.However,studies exploring the impact of biochar as sole or in combination with organic and/or chemical fertilizers on WP in dry tropical agro-ecosystems are limited.In this study,we observed the effect of rice-husk ash(RHA,biochar)along with farm-yard manure(FYM)and chemical fertilizers(CF)under varying water conditions on soil hydro-physical properties,yield and WP of wheat crop.Water-filled pore space(WFPS),grain and straw yield,irrigation and total water productivity varied significantly(at P<0.001)at treatment level.Grain and straw yield were found higher under sole and combined CF applied treatments.Sole and combined RHA and FYM amendment improved water holding capacity(WHC)and WFPS,whereas a decrease in crop yield was observed as compared to the control.Irrigation and total water productivity were found higher under combined RHA+FYM and sole CF treatments with reduced water supply(except sole CF)as compared to control and sole RHA treatments with full water irrigation.Crop water productivity was found positively correlated with grain and straw yields,however,significant correlations were not observed with WHC and WFPS.Results indicate that increasing soil hydro-physical properties in silty-loam soil may hinder crop yield and WP under sole biochar applied soils.Overall,the implications of the study would help in devising agro-management practices based on combined application of RHA and FYM with reduced chemical fertilizer and water inputs to mitigate the impacts of climate change without compromising crop yield in the highly vulnerable dry tropical agro-ecosystem of India.Moreover,long-term studies are needed in these ecosystems to identify the appropriate agricultural package for mitigating the forthcoming water scarcity conditions. | Rishikesh Singh Pardeep Singh Hema Singh A.S.Raghubanshi | 2019 | Biochar2019，1，2： | 5 |
| 2 | Comparative response of seedlings of selected native dry tropical and alien invasive species to CO_(2) enrichment显示文摘Global climate change and ongoing plant invasion are the two prominent ecological issues threatening biodiversity world wide.Among invasive species,Lantana camara and Hyptis suaveolens are the two most important invaders in the dry deciduous forest in India.We monitored the growth of these two invasive species and seedlings of four native dry deciduous species(Acacia catechu,Bauhinia variegata,Dalbergia latifolia and Tectona grandis)under ambient(375–395μmol mol^(-1))and elevated CO_(2)(700–750μmol mol^(-1))to study the differential growth response of invasive and native seedlings.Methods Seedlings of all the species were exposed to ambient and elevated CO_(2).After 60 days of exposure,seedlings were harvested and all the growth-related parameters like plant height;biomass of root,stem and leaves;total seedling biomass;R/S ratio;allocation parameters;net assimilation rate(NAR)and relative growth rate(RGR)were determined.Important Findings Biomass,RGR and NAR of all the species increased under elevated CO_(2)but the increase was higher in invasive species and they formed larger seedlings than natives.Therefore under the CO_(2)-enriched future atmosphere,competitive hierarchies could change and may interfere with the species composition of the invaded area. | Purnima Raizada Anamika Singh A.S.Raghubanshi | 2009 | Journal of Plant Ecology2009，2，2： | 2 |
| 3 | comSeedling growth of five tropical dry forest tree species in relation to light and nitrogen gradients显示文摘Aims Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen(N)deposition has been claimed to induce changes in species composition and community dynamics.A greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the effect of increased N availability on growth and functional attributes of seedlings of five tree species with different life history characteristics under varying irradiances.The following questions have been addressed:(i)how do the pioneer and non-pioneer species respond in absolute growth and relative growth rate(RGR)to the interaction of light and nitrogen?(ii)how does the interaction between irradiance and nitrogen availability modulate growth attributes(i.e.functional attributes)?(iii)is there any variation in growth responses between leguminous and non-leguminous species along the light and nitrogen gradients?Methods Seedlings of five tree species(Acacia catechu,Bridelia retusa,Dalbergia sissoo,Lagerstroemia parviflora and Terminalia arjuna)were subjected to twelve combinations of irradiance and N levels.Various growth traits,including height(HT),basal area(BA),whole plant dry biomass(MD),leaf mass per unit area(LMA),leaf area ratio(LAR),net assimilation rate(NAR),RGR,biomass fractions,root-toshoot ratio(R:S)and leaf nitrogen content,were studied to analyse intra-and inter-specific responses to interacting light and N gradients.Important Findings Significant interactions for irradiance and N availability for majority of growth attributes indicates that growth and biomass allocation of seedlings were more responsive to N availability under high irradiance.However,species responded differentially to N addition and they did not follow successional status.Slow growers(B.retusa,a shade-tolerant species and L.parviflora,a light demander)exhibited greater response to N enrichment than the fast growers(A.catechu,D.sissoo and T.arjuna).However,N-mediated increment in growth traits was greater in non-legumes(B.retusa,L.parviflora and T.arjuna)compared with that of legumes(A.catechu and D.sissoo).Allocation of biomass to root was strongly suppressed at the highest N supply across species;however,at high irradiance and high N availability,a greater suppression in R:S ratio was observed for B.retusa.NAR was a stronger determinant of RGR relative to LAR,suggesting its prominent role in increased RGR along increasing irradiances.Overall,a higher growth response of slow-growing species to elevated N levels,particularly the non-pioneers(B.retusa and L.parviflora)suggests that future N deposition may lead to perturbations in competition hierarchies and species composition,ultimately affecting community dynamics in nutrient-poor tropical dry forests. | S.N.Tripathi A.S.Raghubanshi | 2014 | Journal of Plant Ecology2014，7，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Effects of light availability on leaf attributes and seedling growth of four tree species in tropical dry forest显示文摘Background:In tropical dry forests,variation in understory light availability due to season and canopy tree density could be a governing factor in establishment and growth of tree seedlings.Species with varying life history traits are expected to respond differentially to such heterogeneity.We investigated the response of seedlings of four tree species in a tropical day forest in relation to spatiotemporal variability of light.We attempt to explore the role of leaf attributes in explaining intra-and inter-specific variations in relative growth rate.Four study sites,each with three contrasting canopy conditions,were selected along a soil moisture gradient.Seedlings of four tree species(viz.,Acacia catechu,Bridelia retusa,Lagerstroemia parviflora,and Shorea robusta),varying in life history traits,were monitored for seasonal variations in growth traits across canopy condition and sites for 2 years.Results:We observed a larger variation in leaf attributes for pioneer species.A.catechu showed highest mean values for leaf dry matter content,leaf nitrogen concentration,leaf phosphorus concentration,net stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate,and relative growth rate in high light conditions.S.robusta and B.retusa demonstrated highest mean values for all the leaf attributes(except leaf dry matter content)in low light conditions.However,intermediate values for leaf attributes were observed in L.parviflora which preferred moderate light conditions.Conclusions:Seasonal variations in light availability at the forest floor appear to play an important role in the establishment and growth of tree seedlings in seasonal dry forests.Leaf attributes can be used to explain intra-and inter-specific variation in response to light availability.Leaf attributes in combinations can be used to predict relative growth rate of tree species in tropical dry environment,which apart from soil moisture is also determined by light availability due to seasonal changes and canopy tree density. | Sachchidanand Tripathi Rahul Bhadouria Pratap Srivastava Rajkumari S.Devi Ravikant Chaturvedi A.S.Raghubanshi | 2020 | Ecological Processes2020，9，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Relative effects of different leaf attributes on sapling growth in tropical dry forest显示文摘Aims Soil moisture content(SMC)influences establishment,survival and development of plant species and is considered as the most important limiting factor in tropical dry forest(TDF).In this study we attempt to establish the relationship between leaf attributes and of tree saplings in TDF and address the following questions:(i)how are the functional attributes of dominant tree saplings of TDF affected by seasonal changes in SMC at different habitats?,(ii)what is the relationship of functional attributes with each other?,(iii)how are the functional attributes and their plasticity affected by habitat con-ditions?and(iv)can the functional attributes in single or in com-bination predict the growth rate of tree saplings of TDF?The study was conducted on four sites(Hathinala,Gaighat,Harnakachar and Ranitali,listed in order of decreasing SMC)within the tropical dry deciduous forest in northern India.Methods We analysed eight leaf attributes,specific leaf area(SLA);leaf dry matter content(LDMC);leaf nitrogen concentration(leaf N);leaf phosphorus concentration(leaf P);chlorophyll concentration(Chl);mass-based photosynthetic rate(Amass);mass-based stomatal con-ductance(Gsmass);intrinsic water use efficiency(WUEi)and three growth attributes,relative diameter increment(RDI);relative height increment(RHI);relative growth rate(RGR)of the 10 dominant tree saplings(viz.,Acacia catechu,Anogeissus latifolia,Boswellia serrata,Buchanania lanzan,Diospyros melanoxylon,Hardwickia binata,Lagerstroemia parviflora,Lannea coromandelica,Shorea robusta and Terminalia tomentosa)of a TDF and observed the effects of site,season and species for a period of 2 years.Saplings were selected in gradients of deciduousness.Step-wise multiple regression was performed to predict RDI,RHI and RGR from mean values of SMC and leaf attributes.Important Findings All the 11 attributes were interrelated and differed significantly among the 10 saplings.Species response varied across sites and seasons.Across the SMC gradient,the attributes showed variable plasticity that differed across species.Among the 10 saplings,the highly deciduous Boswellia serrata showed the maximum plasticity in seven functional attributes.According to the step-wise multiple regressions,65%variability in RDI and 67%variability in RGR were due to Gsmass,and for RHI,61%variability was due to Amass.SMC and the other attributes,viz.,SLA,Chl,WUEi and LDMC in combination could contribute only for~2-6%of the variability in RDI,RHI and RGR,which indicates that other traits/factors,not accounted in this study are also important in modulating the growth of tree saplings in TDFs.In conclusion,growth of the tree saplings in the tropical dry environment is determined by soil moisture,whereas the response of saplings of different tree species is modulated by alterations in key functional attributes such as SLA,Chl,WUEi and LDMC. | Ravi K.Chaturvedi A.S.Raghubanshi J.S.Singh | 2014 | Journal of Plant Ecology2014，7，6： | 1 |
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