| 1 | Antimicrobial and antispasmodic activity of leaf extract and fractions of Stachytarpheta cayennensis显示文摘Objective:To investigate the antimicrobial activity of the methanol leaf extract(ME),n-hexane fraction(HF),ethylacetate fraction(EF) and methanol fraction(MF),of Stachytarpheta cayennensis C.Rich(verbenaceae) as well as to ascertain the antispasmodic effects of the ME and the various fractions(HF,EF and MF) on acetylcholine(Ach) and histamine(H) induced contractions on isolated guinea pig ileum.Methods:The in vitro agar well diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial studies while the isolated tissue method was employed for the antispasmodic test. Organisms used were all clinical isolates of Bacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Salmonella paratyphi,Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.Results:The extract and fractions exhibited dose dependent inhibition against all the bacteria tested and also exhibited insignificant antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of the extract and fractions(mg/mL) on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella paratyphi respectively were ME 5.62,14.12,22.38,2.11;EF 1.25,6.30,9.40,9.40 and MF 3.98,8.81,39.80,21.13.The n-hexane fraction exhibited MIC of 1.07 mg/mL against only Bacillus subtilis.The extract and fractions exhibited significant(P< 0.05) dose dependent attenuation of contractions induced by acetylcholine and histamine on isolated guinea pig ileum.Concentrations of the extract and fractions(μg/mL) which evoked 50%inhibition of maximal response exhibited by Ach were ME 0.64,HF 0.16,EF 0.08 and MF 0.15,while that of histamine included ME 5.12,HF 0.16,EF 0.04 and MF 0.64.Preliminary phytochemical studies on the extract and fractions indicated the presence of carbohydrates,alkaloids,saponins,flavonoids,steroids and terpenoids.Conclusions: The extract and fractions of Stachytarpheta cayennensis possessed both antibacterial and antispasmodic effects confirming the claimed use in folkloric medicine for wound healing and gastrointestinal ulceration. | Okoye TC Akah PA Okoli CO Ezike AC Mbaoji FN | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，3： | 3 |
| 5 | Evaluation of the anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects of the methanol root bark extracts of Annona senegalensis显示文摘Objective:To investigate the potentials of the root bark of Annona(A.) senegalensis in the control of seizure and related hypnotic and motor incoordination effects in mice using experimental models.Methods:The methanol extract(ME) of the root bark of A.senegalensis was studied in mice using pentylenetetrazole(PTZ) induced convulsions,phenobarbitone induced sleeping time and motor coordination test on rota-rod performance.Acute toxicity and lethality(LD50) lest as well as phytochemical analysis were also carried out.Results:The extract(200,400,800 mg/ kg) exhibited a non- dose dependent significant(P<0.05) delay in the onset of both tonic and clonic phases of seizure induced by PTZ(60 mg/kg,s.c.) as well as offered a 100%protection (200 mg/kg) in mice from PTZ induced seizures.The extract significantly(P<0.05) decreased the latency and increased the duration of phenobarbitone induced sleeping time.At 200 mg/kg, the extract exhibited a significant(P<0.05) motor incoordination.The acute toxicity test revealed an oral LD50 of 1 2%mg/kg,while the phytochemical studies showed the presence of alkaloids, resins,glycosides,carbohydrate,reducing sugar,flavonoids,terpenoids,saponins and tannins. Conclusion:The extract of A senegalensis possessed anticonvulsant activity with pronounced hypnotic and muscle relaxant effects. | Okoye TC Akah PA Omeke CP | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，1： | 0 |
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