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| 1 | Achieving the best bowel preparation for colonoscopy显示文摘Bowel preparation is a core issue in colonoscopy,as it is closely related to the quality of the procedure.Patients often find that bowel preparation is the most unpleasant part of the examination.It is widely accepted that the quality of cleansing must be excellent to facilitate detecting neoplastic lesions.In spite of its importance and potential implications,until recently,bowel preparation has not been the subject of much study.The most commonly used agents are high-volume polyethylene glycol(PEG)electrolyte solution and sodium phosphate.There has been some confusion,even in published meta-analyses,regarding which of the two agents provides better cleansing.It is clear now that both PEG and sodium phosphate are effectivewhen administered with proper timing.Consequently,the timing of administration is recognized as one of the central factors to the quality of cleansing.The bowel preparation agent should be administered,at least in part,a few hours in advance of the colonoscopy.Several low volume agents are available,and either new or modified schedules with PEG that usually improve tolerance.Certain adjuvants can also be used to reduce the volume of PEG,or to improve the efficacy of other agents.Other factors apart from the choice of agent can improve the quality of bowel cleansing.For instance,the effect of diet before colonoscopy has not been completely clarified,but an exclusively liquid diet is probably not required,and a low-fiber diet may be preferable because it improves patient satisfaction and the quality of the procedure.Some patients,such as diabetics and persons with heart or kidney disease,require modified procedures and certain precautions.Bowel preparation for pediatric patients is also reviewed here.In such cases,PEG remains the most commonly used agent.As detecting neoplasia is not the main objective with these patients,less intensive preparation may suffice.Special considerations must be made for patients with inflammatory bowel disease,including safety and diagnostic issues,so that the most adequate agent is chosen.Identifying neoplasia is one of the main objectives of colonoscopy with these patients,and the target lesions are often almost invisible with white light endoscopy.Therefore excellent quality preparation is required to find these lesions and to apply advanced methods such as chromoendoscopy.Bowel preparation for patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding represents a challenge,and the strategies available are also reviewed here. | Adolfo Parra-Blanco Alex Ruiz Manuel Alvarez-Lobos Ana Amorós Juan Cristóbal Gana Patricio Ibáez Akiko Ono Takahiro Fujii | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，47： | 37 |
| 2 | Sex-specific effects of Eugenia punicifolia extract on gastric ulcer healing in rats显示文摘AIM To evaluate the sex-specific effects of a hydroalcoholic extract from Eugenia punicifolia(HEEP) leaves on gastric ulcer healing.METHODS In this rat study involving males, intact(cycling) females, and ovariectomized females, gastric ulcers were induced using acetic acid. A vehicle, lansoprazole, or HEEP was administered for 14 d after ulcer induction. Body weight was monitored throughout the treatment period. At the end of treatment, the rats were euthanized and the following in vivo and in vitro investigations were performed: macroscopic examination of the lesion area and organ weights, biochemical analysis, zymography, and evaluation of protein expression levels. Additionally, the concentration-dependent effect of HEEP was evaluated in terms of subacute toxicity and cytotoxicity.RESULTS Compared to the vehicle, HEEP demonstrated a great healing capacity by substantially reducing the ulcerative lesion area in males(52.44%), intact females(85.22%), and ovariectomized females(65.47%), confirming that HEEP accelerates the healing of acetic acidinduced gastric lesions and suggesting that this effect is modulated by female sex hormones. The antiulcer effect of HEEP was mediated by prostaglandin E2 only in male rats. Overall, the beneficial effect of HEEP was the highest in intact females. Notably, HEEP promoted the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(intact vs ovariectomized females) and decreased the expression of Caspase-8 and Bcl-2(intact female vs male or ovariectomized female). Additionally, HEEP enhanced fibroblast proliferation and migration into a wounded area in vitro, confirming its healing effect. Finally, no sign of subacute toxicity or cytotoxicity of HEEP was observed.CONCLUSION In gastric ulcers, HEEP-induced healing(modulated by female sex hormones; in males, mediated by prostaglandin) involves extracellular matrix remodeling, with gastric mucosa cell proliferation and migration. | Larissa Lucena Périco Vinícius Peixoto Rodrigues Rie Ohara Gabriela Bueno Vania Vasti Alfieri Nunes Raquel Cássia dos Santos Ana Carolina Lima Camargo Luis Antuio Justulin Joior Sérgio Faloni de Andrade Viviane Miranda Bispo Steimbach Luísa Mota da Silva Lúcia Regina Machado da Rocha Wagner Vilegas Catarina dos Santos Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，38： | 3 |
| 3 | A Prenylated Xanthone from Cell Suspension Cultures of Hypericum japonicum显示文摘 | Kyoko I Noriko N Akiko S | 1997 | Phytochemistry1997，44，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Improvement of the fatty acid composition of an oil-producingfilamen- tousfungus, MortierellaalpinalS- 4 through RNA interference with A12-desaturasegene expression显示文摘 | Seiki T Eiji S Akiko T | 2005 | App Environ Microbiol2005，71，9： | 1 |
| 5 | Improvement of gel properties of dried egg white by modification with galactomannan through the Mail-lard reaction显示文摘 | Naotoshi M Kaori N Akiko S | | 0，，14： | 1 |
| 6 | Control of Crystal Shape and Modification of Calcium Carbonate Prepared by Precipitation from Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate Solution显示文摘 | Yoshiyuki K Akiko S Tamotsu Y | 1992 | Jpn J Ceram Soc1992，100，9： | 1 |
| 7 | Adrenal-preserving laparoscopic surgery in selected patients with bilateral adrenal tumors显示文摘 | Masatoshi L Rumi S Akiko K | 2003 | Surgery2003，134，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Bioremediation ofcadmium contaminated soil using symbiosis betweenleguminous plant and recombinant rhizobia with the MTL4 andthe PCS genes显示文摘 | Akiko I Rutchadapom S Hisayo 0 | 2007 | Chemosphere2007，66，： | 1 |
| 9 | Bones benefits gained by jump training are preserved after detraining in young and adult rats 显示文摘 | Akiko H Naota S Seigo N | 2008 | J Appl Physiol2008，105，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Towards a phylogeny of chitons (Mollusca,Polyplacophora) based on combined analysis of five molecular loci显示文摘 | Akiko O Enrico S Douglas J | 2003 | Origanisms Diversity & Evolution2003，3，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Long-term survival of bone marrow-derived retinal nerve cells in the retina显示文摘 | Keizo M Yasushi A Haruhiko Y Akiko H Yasuhiro S | 2005 | Neuro Report2005，16，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Prolactin inhibits annexin 5 expression and apoptosis in the corpus luteum of pseudopregnant rats:Involvement of local gonadotropin-releasing hormone显示文摘 | Mitsumori K Yutaka S Akiko Y | 2003 | Endocrinology2003，144，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Anti-tumor effect of DC-CK1 gene transfection into tumor cells显示文摘 | Akiko S Jun S Keng B | 2000 | Biotherapy (Tokyo)2000，14，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Hypoxia-indueed changes in the expression of VEGF, HIF-1α and cell eyele-ralated molecules in ovarian cancer cell显示文摘 | Akiko H Tsutomu I Motohiko S | 2002 | Antieaeer Res2002，22，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Hypoxia-induced changes in the expression of VEGF,HIF-1 aand cell cycle-related molecules in ovarian cancer cell显示文摘 | Akiko H Tsutoran l Motohiko S | 2002 | Anticaeer Res2002，22，： | 1 |
| 16 | Glycosylation of capsaicin and 8-nordihydrocapsaicin by cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus显示文摘 | Kei S Soonil K Akiko U | 2007 | Phytochemistry2007，68，： | 1 |
| 17 | Effectiveness of lifestyle counseling by certified expert nurse of Japan for non- insulin- treated diabetic out- patients: a 1 -year randomized controlled trial显示文摘 | Taiga S Koji K Akiko T | 2007 | Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice2007，76，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Improvement of gel properties of dried egg white by modification with galactomarman through the MaiUard reaction显示文摘 | NAOTOSHI M KAORI N AKIKO S | 2002 | Agriculture Food Chemistry2002，50，14： | 1 |
| 19 | Hypoxia-induced changes in the expression of VEGF,HIF-1αand cell cycle-ralated molecules in ovarian cancer cell显示文摘 | Akiko H Tsutomu I Motohiko S | 2002 | Anticacer Res2002，22，： | 1 |
| 20 | Sterol glucosides from Prunella vulgaris显示文摘 | HISASHI K NORIKO S AKIKO H | 1990 | Phytochemistry1990，29，7： | 1 |
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