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| 1 | Big Earth Data science:an information framework for a sustainable planet显示文摘The digital transformation of our society coupled with the increasing exploitation of natural resources makes sustainability challenges more complex and dynamic than ever before.These changes will unlikely stop or even decelerate in the near future.There is an urgent need for a new scientific approach and an advanced form of evidence-based decisionmaking towards the benefit of society,the economy,and the environment.To understand the impacts and interrelationships between humans as a society and natural Earth system processes,we propose a new engineering discipline,Big Earth Data science.This science is called to provide the methodologies and tools to generate knowledge from diverse,numerous,and complex data sources necessary to ensure a sustainable human society essential for the preservation of planet Earth.Big Earth Data science aims at utilizing data from Earth observation and social sensing and develop theories for understanding the mechanisms of how such a social-physical system operates and evolves.The manuscript introduces the universe of discourse characterizing this new science,its foundational paradigms and methodologies,and a possible technological framework to be implemented by applying an ecosystem approach.CASEarth and GEOSS are presented as examples of international implementation attempts.Conclusions discuss important challenges and collaboration opportunities. | Huadong Guo Stefano Nativi Dong Liang Max Craglia Lizhe Wang Sven Schade Christina Corban Guojin He Martino Pesaresi Jianhui Li Zeeshan Shirazi Jie Liu Alessandro Annoni | 2020 | International Journal of Digital Earth2020，13，7： | 12 |
| 2 | Digital Earth 2020:towards the vision for the next decade显示文摘This position paper is the outcome of a brainstorming workshop organised by the International Society for Digital Earth(ISDE)in Beijing in March 2011.It argues that the vision of Digital Earth(DE)put forward by Vice-President Al Gore 13 years ago needs to be re-evaluated in the light of the many developments in the fields of information technology,data infrastructures and earth observation that have taken place since.The paper identifies the main policy,scientific and societal drivers for the development of DE and illustrates the multi-faceted nature of a new vision of DE grounding it with a few examples of potential applications.Because no single organisation can on its own develop all the aspects of DE,it is essential to develop a series of collaborations at the global level to turn the vision outlined in this paper into reality. | Max Craglia Kees de Bie Davina Jackson Martino Pesaresi Gabor Remetey-Fulopp Changlin Wang Alessandro Annoni Ling Bian Fred Campbell Manfred Ehlers John van Genderen Michael Goodchild Huadong Guo Anthony Lewis Richard Simpson Andrew Skidmore Peter Woodgate | 2012 | International Journal of Digital Earth2012，5，1： | 8 |
| 3 | Digital Earth’s Nervous System for crisis events:real-time Sensor Web Enablement of Volunteered Geographic Information显示文摘Digital Earth(DE)is a powerful metaphor for the organisation and access to digital information through a multi-scale three-dimensional representation of the globe.Recent progress gave a concrete body to this vision.However,this body is not yet self-aware:further integration of the temporal and voluntary dimension is needed to better portray the event-based nature of our world.We thus aim to extend DE vision with a Nervous System in order to provide decision makers with improved alerting mechanisms.Practical applications are foreseen for crisis management,where up-to-date situational awareness is needed.While it is traditionally built through trusted sources,citizens can play a complementary role by providing geo-referenced information known as Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI).Although workflows have been implemented to create,validate and distribute VGI datasets for various thematic domains,its exploitation in real time and its integration into existing concepts of DE,such as spatial data infrastructures,still needs to be further addressed.In this paper we suggest to bridge this gap through Sensor Web Enablement for VGI,where VGI sensing becomes a sense of the DE’s Nervous System.We discuss this approach and its applicability in the context of a forest fire scenario. | Bertrand De Longueville Alessandro Annoni Sven Schade Nicole Ostlaender Ceri Whitmore | 2010 | International Journal of Digital Earth2010，3，3： | 8 |
| 4 | Digital earth:yesterday,today,and tomorrow显示文摘The concept of Digital Earth(DE)was formalized by Al Gore in 1998.At that time the technologies needed for its implementation were in an embryonic stage and the concept was quite visionary.Since then digital technologies have progressed significantly and their speed and pervasiveness have generated and are still causing the digital transformation of our society.This creates new opportunities and challenges for the realization of DE.‘What is DE today?’,‘What could DE be in the future?’,and‘What is needed to make DE a reality?’.To answer these questions it is necessary to examine DE considering all the technological,scientific,social,and economic aspects,but also bearing in mind the principles that inspired its formulation.By understanding the lessons learned from the past,it becomes possible to identify the remaining scientific and technological challenges,and the actions needed to achieve the ultimate goal of a‘Digital Earth for all’.This article reviews the evolution of the DE vision and its multiple definitions,illustrates what has been achieved so far,explains the impact of digital transformation,illustrates the new vision,and concludes with possible future scenarios and recommended actions to facilitate full DE implementation. | Alessandro Annoni Stefano Nativi ArzuÇöltekin Cheryl Desha Eugene Eremchenko Caroline M.Gevaert Gregory Giuliani Min Chen Luis Perez-Mora Joseph Strobl Stephanie Tumampos | 2023 | International Journal of Digital Earth2023，16，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Advancing Digital Earth:beyond the next generation显示文摘The Digital Earth(DE)movement is gaining momentum.Much of it is unstructured.This paper examines a number of recent developments including those in health sensors(Wearable Absence,Q-Sensor,and Guardian Angels)and systems frameworks(Gelernter’s Mirror Worlds,Virtual Australia,and New Zealand).Consideration is given to the implications of DE for citizens and on citizen science,including those of ethics.A suite of principles to guide the development of DE is proposed. | Manfred Ehlers Peter Woodgate Alessandro Annoni Sven Schade | 2014 | International Journal of Digital Earth2014，7，1： | 1 |
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