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| 1 | Early infant male circumcision:Systematic review,risk-benefit analysis,and progress in policy显示文摘AIM To determine whether recent evidence-based United States polices on male circumcision(MC) apply to comparable Anglophone countries,Australia and New Zealand.METHODS Articles in 2005 through 2015 were retrieved from PubM ed using the keyword 'circumcision' together with 36 relevant subtopics.A further PubM ed search was performed for articles published in 2016.Searches of the EMBASE and Cochrane databases did not yield additional citable articles.Articles were assessed for quality and those rated 2+ and above according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Grading System were studied further.The most relevant andrepresentative of the topic were included.Bibliographies were examined to retrieve further key references.Randomized controlled trials,recent high quality systematic reviews or meta-analyses(level 1++ or 1+ evidence) were prioritized for inclusion.A risk-benefit analysis of articles rated for quality was performed.For efficiency and reliability,recent randomized controlled trials,metaanalyses,high quality systematic reviews and large welldesigned studies were used if available.Internet searches were conducted for other relevant information,including policies and Australian data on claims under Medicare for MC.RESULTS Evidence-based policy statements by the American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) support infant and later age male circumcision(MC) as a desirable public health measure.Our systematic review of relevant literature over the past decade yielded 140 journal articles that met our inclusion criteria.Together,these showed that early infant MC confers immediate and lifelong benefits by protecting against urinary tract infections having potential adverse long-term renal effects,phimosis that causes difficult and painful erections and 'ballooning' during urination,inflammatory skin conditions,inferior penile hygiene,candidiasis,various sexually transmissible infections in both sexes,genital ulcers,and penile,prostate and cervical cancer.Our risk-benefit analysis showed that benefits exceeded procedural risks,which are predominantly minor,by up to 200 to 1.We estimated that more than 1 in 2 uncircumcised males will experience an adverse foreskin-related medical condition over their lifetime.Wide-ranging evidence from surveys,physiological measurements,and the anatomical location of penile sensory receptors responsible for sexual sensation strongly and consistently suggested that MC has no detrimental effect on sexual function,sensitivity or pleasure.United States studies showed that early infant MC is cost saving.The evidence supporting early infant MC has further strengthened since the positive AAP and CDC reviews.CONCLUSION Affirmative MC policies are needed in Australia and New Zealand.Routine provision of accurate,unbiased education,and access in public hospitals,will maximize health and financial benefits. | Brian J Morris Sean E Kennedy Alex D Wodak Adrian Mindel David Golovsky Leslie Schrieber Eugenie R Lumbers David J Handelsman John B Ziegler | 2017 | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Transtibial versus anteromedial por-tal drill ing for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction:a cadaveric study of femoral tunnel length and obliquity 显示文摘 | Asheesh B Brad R Alex M | 2010 | Arthroscopy2010，26，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Direction-of-arrival estimation for nonuniform sensor arrays:from manifold separation to Fourier domain MUSIC methods显示文摘 | Michael R Alex B | 2009 | IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing2009，57，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Structure of CheA,signal-transducing histidine kinase显示文摘 | Bilwes A M Alex L A Crane B R Simon M I | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 5 | What do you think would make you happier? what do you think you choose? 显示文摘 | DANIEL J B ORI H MILES S K ALEX R J | 2012 | American Economic Review2012，102，5： | 1 |
| 6 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Minasny R Alex B M Veronique B M | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Memory and the everyday land- scape of violence in post -genocide Cambodia显示文摘 | James A T Gabriela B A Alex R C | 2012 | Social and Cultur- al Geography2012，13，8： | 1 |
| 8 | Nanoshell tubes of ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate and barium titanate显示文摘 | Luo Y Szafraniak I Zakharov N D Nagarajan V Steinhart M Wehrspohn R B Wendorff J H Ramesh R Alexe M | 2003 | Appl Phys Lett2003，83，： | 1 |
| 9 | Influence of atmospheric inputs on the iron distribution in the subtropical North-East Atlantic Ocean显示文摘 | Géraldine S Alex R B Jurjen K | 2007 | Marine Chemistry2007，104，21： | 1 |
| 10 | Ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate and barium titanate nanotubes显示文摘 | Luo Y Szafraniak I Nagarajan V Wehrspohn R B Steinhart M Wendorff J H Zakharov N D Ramesh R Alexe M | 2003 | Ferroelectrics2003，59，： | 1 |
| 11 | Peyronie's disease in teenagers显示文摘 | Tal R Hall MS Alex B | | 0，，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Ferroelectrie nanotubes显示文摘 | Morrison F D Luo Y Szafraniak I Nagarajan V Wehrspoh R B Steinhart M Wendorff J H Zakharov N D Mishina E D Vorotilov K A Sigov A S Nakabayshi S Alexe M Ramesh R Scott J F | 2003 | Rev Adv Mater Sci2003，4，： | 1 |
| 13 | Effects of pre-dehulling treatments on some nutritional and physical properties of navy and pinto beans (Phaselous vulgaris)显示文摘 | ALEX A A KELLY A R TRUST B | 2008 | Swiss Society of Food Science and Technology2008，，41： | 1 |
| 14 | Sulfide shape control in high strength low alloy steels显示文摘 | Leon L John R B Alex M | 1970 | Etallurgical Transactions1970，1，12： | 1 |
| 15 | Transtibial versus anteromedial portal drilling for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a cadaveric study of femoral tunnnel length and obliquity 显示文摘 | Asheesh B Brad R Alex M | 2010 | Arthroscopy2010，26，： | 1 |
| 16 | Direction-of-arrival estimation for non- uniform sensor arrays:from manifold separation to Fourier domain MUSIC methods 显示文摘 | Michael R Alex B | 2009 | IEEE Tran Signal Process- ing2009，57，2： | 1 |
| 17 | On the relationships be- tween gender, power control, self-control, and crime 显示文摘 | BRENDA S B ALEX R P | 2005 | Journal of Criminal Justice2005，33，： | 1 |
| 18 | Dynamically vul- canized polypropylene/styrene-butadiene rubber blends: The effect of a peroxide/bismaleimide curing system and composi- tion 显示文摘 | LEITE P R S SOARES B G ALEX S | 2010 | J Appl Polym Sci2010，120，： | 1 |
| 19 | Urinary diversions after cystectomy: the association of clinical factors,complications and functional results of four different diversions 显示文摘 | Nieuwenhuijzen JA Remco R Alex B | 2008 | Eur Urol2008，53，： | 1 |
| 20 | Metabolism of administered 3-methylhistidine: lack of muscle transfer ribonucleic acid charging and quantitative excretion as 3-methylhistidine and N-acetyl drivative显示文摘 | Young V R Alex S D Baliga B S | 1972 | J Biol Chem1972，217，： | 1 |
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