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| 1 | Disentangling multiple scattering with deep learning:application to strain mapping from electron diffraction patterns显示文摘A fast,robust pipeline for strain mapping of crystalline materials is important for many technological applications.Scanning electron nanodiffraction allows us to calculate strain maps with high accuracy and spatial resolutions,but this technique is limited when the electron beam undergoes multiple scattering.Deep-learning methods have the potential to invert these complex signals,but require a large number of training examples.We implement a Fourier space,complex-valued deep-neural network,FCU-Net,to invert highly nonlinear electron diffraction patterns into the corresponding quantitative structure factor images.FCU-Net was trained using over 200,000 unique simulated dynamical diffraction patterns from different combinations of crystal structures,orientations,thicknesses,and microscope parameters,which are augmented with experimental artifacts.We evaluated FCU-Net against simulated and experimental datasets,where it substantially outperforms conventional analysis methods.Our code,models,and training library are open-source and may be adapted to different diffraction measurement problems. | Joydeep Munshi Alexander Rakowski Benjamin H.Savitzky Steven E.Zeltmann Jim Ciston Matthew Henderson Shreyas Cholia Andrew M.Minor Maria K.Y.Chan Colin Ophus | 2022 | npj Computational Materials2022，，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Harnessing the power of immersive virtual reality-visualization and analysis of 3D earth science data sets显示文摘The availability and quantity of remotely sensed and terrestrial geospatial data sets are on the rise.Historically,these data sets have been analyzed and quarried on 2D desktop computers;however,immersive technologies and specifically immersive virtual reality(iVR)allow for the integration,visualization,analysis,and exploration of these 3D geospatial data sets.iVR can deliver remote and large-scale geospatial data sets to the laboratory,providing embodied experiences of field sites across the earth and beyond.We describe a workflow for the ingestion of geospatial data sets and the development of an iVR workbench,and present the application of these for an experience of Iceland’s Thrihnukar volcano where we:(1)combined satellite imagery with terrain elevation data to create a basic reconstruction of the physical site;(2)used terrestrial LiDAR data to provide a geo-referenced point cloud model of the magmatic-volcanic system,as well as the LiDAR intensity values for the identification of rock types;and(3)used Structure-from-Motion(SfM)to construct a photorealistic point cloud of the inside volcano.The workbench provides tools for the direct manipulation of the georeferenced data sets,including scaling,rotation,and translation,and a suite of geometric measurement tools,including length,area,and volume.Future developments will be inspired by an ongoing user study that formally evaluates the workbench’s mature components in the context of fieldwork and analyses activities. | Jiayan Zhao Jan Oliver Wallgrün Peter C.LaFemina Jim Normandeau Alexander Klippel | 2019 | Geo-Spatial Information Science2019，22，4： | 2 |
| 3 | 体重调整固定剂量普通肝素与低分子肝素治疗急性静脉血栓栓塞的比较显示文摘背景:普通肝素用于治疗急性静脉血栓栓塞时,通常在监测血凝下静脉输注给药,患者需要住院治疗。然而,体重调整后皮下注射固定剂量普通肝素可能既适用于住院也适用于门诊静脉血栓栓塞患者的治疗。
目的:确定皮下注射体重调整固定剂量普通肝素治疗静脉血栓栓塞是否与低分子肝素同样安全有效。设计、地点及患者:随机、开标、裁定者盲法、非劣效试验。708例急性静脉血栓栓塞患者来自加拿大和新西兰6所大学附属临床中心,年龄≥18岁。试验于1998年9月至2004年2月进行。在随机分组的患者中,11例从疗效分析中排除,8例从安全性分析中排除。
干预:普通肝素皮下注射初始剂量为333U/kg,以后给予固定剂量250U/kg,每12小时1次(n=345)。低分子肝素(依诺肝素或达肝素)按100IU/kg剂量皮下注射,每12小时1次(n=352)。两种治疗均可院外进行,配合华法林治疗3个月。
主要观测指标:随机分组后3个月内复发性静脉血栓栓塞事件及10天内严重出血情况。结果:普通肝素组有13例患者(3.8%)发生静脉血栓栓塞复发,而低分子肝素组有12例患者复发(3.4%;绝对差值,0.4%;95%可信区间,-2.6%~3.3%)。开始治疗后10天内普通肝素组有4例患者(1.1%)发生严重出血,而低分子肝素组有5例(1.4%;绝对差值,-0.3%;95%可信区间,-2.3%~1.7%)。院外治疗患者在普通肝素组占72%,低分子肝素组占68%。
结论:对于急性静脉血栓栓塞患者而言,皮下注射固定剂量普通肝素与低分子肝素一样安全有效,适于门诊治疗。 | Clive Kearon Jeffrey S. Ginsberg Jim A. Julian James Douketis Susan Solymoss Paul Ockelford Sharon Jackson Alexander G. Turpie Betsy MacKinnon Jack Hirsh Michael Gent 王春玲(译) 孙艺红(译) 胡大一(校) | 2007 | 美国医学会杂志(中文版)2007，26，5： | 1 |
| 4 | 2020 computing, Science in an exponential world 显示文摘 | Alexander Szalay Jim Gray | 2006 | Nature (S0028-0836)2006，440，7083： | 1 |
| 5 | Elimi- nating deck joints using debonded link slabs: research and field tests in Ontario显示文摘 | ALEXANDER A CLIFFORD L JIM A | 2013 | Journal of Bridge Engineer- ing2013，，18： | 1 |
| 6 | Can knowledge-based DVH predictions be used for automated, individualized quality assurance of radiotherapy treatment plans? 显示文摘 | JIM P T MAX D ALEXANDER R D | 2015 | Radiat Oncol2015，10，： | 1 |
| 7 | Acute increases in synaptic GABA detectable in the living human brain: A [ 11 C]Ro15-4513 PET study显示文摘 | Paul R.A. Stokes Jim F. Myers Nicola J. Kalk Ben J. Watson David Erritzoe Sue J. Wilson Vincent J. Cunningham Daniela Riano Barros Alexander Hammers Federico E. Turkheimer David J. Nutt Anne R. Lingford-Hughes | 2014 | NeuroImage2014，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Chromatin remodelling complex dosage modulates transcription factor function in heart development显示文摘 | Takeuchi JK Lou X Alexander JIM | 2011 | Nat Commun2011，2，： | 1 |
| 9 | Sustainable strategies for Ebola virus disease outbreak preparedness in Africa:a case study on lessons learnt in countries neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo显示文摘Background: From May 2018 to September 2022, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experienced seven Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks within its borders. During the 10th EVD outbreak (2018–2020), the largest experienced in the DRC and the second largest and most prolonged EVD outbreak recorded globally, a WHO risk assessment identified nine countries bordering the DRC as moderate to high risk from cross border importation. These countries implemented varying levels of Ebola virus disease preparedness interventions. This case study highlights the gains and shortfalls with the Ebola virus disease preparedness interventions within the various contexts of these countries against the background of a renewed and growing commitment for global epidemic preparedness highlighted during recent World Health Assembly events.Main text: Several positive impacts from preparedness support to countries bordering the affected provinces in the DRC were identified, including development of sustained capacities which were leveraged upon to respond to the subsequent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Shortfalls such as lost opportunities for operationalizing cross-border regional preparedness collaboration and better integration of multidisciplinary perspectives, vertical approaches to response pillars such as surveillance, over dependence on external support and duplication of efforts especially in areas of capacity building were also identified. A recurrent theme that emerged from this case study is the propensity towards implementing short-term interventions during active Ebola virus disease outbreaks for preparedness rather than sustainable investment into strengthening systems for improved health security in alignment with IHR obligations, the Sustainable Development Goals and advocating global policy for addressing the larger structural determinants underscoring these outbreaks.Conclusions: Despite several international frameworks established at the global level for emergency preparedness, a shortfall exists between global policy and practice in countries at high risk of cross border transmission from persistent Ebola virus disease outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo. With renewed global health commitment for country emergency preparedness resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and cumulating in a resolution for a pandemic preparedness treaty, the time to review and address these gaps and provide recommendations for more sustainable and integrative approaches to emergency preparedness towards achieving global health security is now. | Caroline S.Ryan Marie‑Roseline D.Belizaire Miriam Nanyunja Olushayo Oluseun Olu Yahaya Ali Ahmed Anderson Latt Matthew Tut Kol Bertrand Bamuleke Jayne Tusiime Nadia Nsabimbona Ishata Conteh Shamiso Nyashanu Patrick Otim Ramadan Solomon Fisseha Woldetsadik Jean‑Pierre Mulunda Nkata Jim T.Ntwari Senya D.Nzeyimana Leopold Ouedraogo Georges Batona Vedaste Ndahindwa Elizabeth A.Mgamb Magdalene Armah Joseph Francis Wamala Argata Guracha Guyo Alex Yao Sokemawu Freeman Alexander Chimbaru Innocent Komakech Muhau Kuku Walter M.Firmino Grace E.Saguti Faraja Msemwa Shikanga O‑Tipo Precious C.Kalubula Ngoy Nsenga Ambrose Otau Talisuna | 2022 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2022，11，6： | 0 |
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