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| 1 | 影响卒中死亡率下降的因素美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会的科学声明显示文摘背景和目的 美国的卒中死亡率自20世纪初以来一直呈下降趋势,尽管这种“下降”很受欢迎,但其原因尚不完全清楚.由于近年来卒中死亡率呈现出更为显著的加速下降趋势,卒中已从美国的第3位死亡原因下降至第4位.这促使人们对影响卒中发病风险和死亡率变化的相关因素进行详细评估.这份声明对有关卒中死亡率下降趋势的促进因素的研究证据进行回顾,并讨论了将来如何利用这些因素在卒中这一重大公共卫生问题的干预研究中发挥作用.方法 写作组成员由委员会主席和副主席根据其以前在相关领域的研究成果提名,并通过美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会和美国心脏协会手稿监督委员会批准.作者利用系统文献综述,参考公开发表的临床和流行病学研究、发病率和死亡率报告、临床与公共卫生指南、权威声明、个人文件以及专家意见,对相关证据进行总结并指出与当前知识水平的差距.所有写作组成员均有机会评论这份声明并批准其最终版本.这份声明经过AHA内部的广泛同行评议以及卒中委员会领导阶层和科学声明监督委员会的审查,然后获得AHA科学顾问与协调委员会的批准.结果 过去数十年间,在不同性别、所有种族/民族以及各个年龄组人群中都观察到卒中死亡率的下降,这体现出人群健康的重大进展.除了卒中对于总体寿命损失的影响减少外,在65岁以下人群中观察到的卒中死亡率显著下降体现了其所致潜在寿命损失年的减少.卒中死亡率的下降要归功于卒中发病率和病死率的降低.这些卒中转归的显著改善与心血管危险因素的控制和干预相一致.虽然很难计算出具体的归因危险度估计值,但始于20世纪70年代的血压控制措施似乎已对卒中死亡率的加速下降产生了最实质性的影响.尽管实施较晚,但糖尿病和血脂异常控制以及戒烟计划,特别是联合降压治疗,似乎同样促进了卒中死亡率的下降.远程医疗和卒中医疗体系也似乎具有强烈的潜在作用,但尚需足够长的时间来证明其对卒中死亡率下降的影响.其他因素也可能产生影响,但需要更多的研究来确定它们的作用.结论 卒中死亡率的下降是真实存在的,代表着公共卫生以及临床医学的巨大成功.卒中从第3位死亡原因下降至第4位是死亡率真实下降的结果,而并非由于慢性肺病死亡率上升所致,后者是目前在美国是第3位的死亡原因.有强烈的证据表明,卒中死亡率的下降可归功于以科学发现为基础、旨在降低卒中风险而执行的联合干预措施和项目,其中最有可能的是对高血压控制的改善.因此,对正在开展的干预项目进行的研究及其成果的应用已改善了人群健康.对一些积极的循证公共卫生项目以及临床干预措施的持续应用预期会进一步降低卒中死亡率. | Daniel T.Lackland Edward J.Roccella Anne F.Deutsch Myriam Fornage Mary G.George George Howard Brett M.Kissela Steven J.Kittner Judith H.Lichtman Lynda D. Lisabeth Lee H. Schwamm Eric E. Smith 高一鹭 陈政弘 王文志 | 2014 | 国际脑血管病杂志2014，22，5： | 41 |
| 2 | 细粒棘球绦虫cDNA克隆EgA31在大肠埃希氏菌M15中的表达及重组蛋白的纯化和复性显示文摘为了获得细粒棘球绦虫 66ku抗原的重组蛋白和抗血清 ,用该抗原的cDNA克隆EgA3 1构建了pQE3 0EgA3 1重组质粒 ,在大肠埃希氏菌M15中表达 ,经亲和层析获得纯度较高的EgA3 1重组蛋白 ;用经复性处理的重组蛋白免疫动物 ,获得EgA3 1重组蛋白抗血清。本文就重组蛋白的稳定性和在复性处理中遇到的问题进行了讨论。 | 傅玉才 王进成 张壮志 李雄 Anne Francoise Petavy Georges Bosquet | 2002 | 中国兽医科技2002，32，1： | 8 |
| 3 | It is safe to use transdermal glyceryl trinitrate to lower blood pressure in patients with acute ischaemic stroke with carotid stenosis显示文摘Background There is concern that blood pressure(BP)lowering in acute stroke may compromise cerebral perfusion and worsen outcome in the presence of carotid stenosis.We assessed the effect of glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)in patients with carotid stenosis using data from the Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke(ENOS)Trial.Methods ENOS randomised 4011 patients with acute stroke and raised systolic BP(140-220 mm Hg)to transdermal GTN or no GTN within 48 hours of onset.Those on prestroke antihypertensives were also randomised to stop or continue their medication for 7 days.The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale(mRS)at day 90.Ipsilateral carotid stenosis was split:<30%;30-<50%;50-<70%;≥70%.Data are ORs with 95%CIs adjusted for baseline prognostic factors.results 2023(60.5%)ischaemic stroke participants had carotid imaging.As compared with<30%,≥70%ipsilateral stenosis was associated with an unfavourable shift in mRS(worse outcome)at 90 days(OR 1.88,95%CI 1.44 to 2.44,p<0.001).Those with≥70%stenosis who received GTN versus no GTN had a favourable shift in mRS(OR 0.56,95%CI 0.34 to 0.93,p=0.024).In those with 50-<70%stenosis,continuing versus stopping prestroke antihypertensives was associated with worse disability,mood,quality of life and cognition at 90 days.Clinical outcomes did not differ across bilateral stenosis groups.Conclusions Following ischaemic stroke,severe ipsilateral carotid stenosis is associated with worse functional outcome at 90 days.GTN appears safe in ipsilateral or bilateral carotid stenosis,and might improve outcome in severe ipsilateral carotid stenosis. | Jason P Appleton Lisa J Woodhouse Andrew Belcher Daniel Bereczki Eivind Berge Valeria Caso Hui Meng Chang Hanne K Christensen Ronan Collins John Gommans Ann C Laska George Ntaios Serefnur Ozturk Gillian M Sare Szabolcs Szatmari Yongjun Wang Joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath for the ENOS investigators | 2019 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2019，4，1： | 6 |
| 4 | Palliative chemotherapy for gastroesophageal cancer in old and very old patients: A retrospective cohort study at the National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg显示文摘AIM:To investigate the outcome of palliative chemotherapy in old patients with gastroesophageal cancer at the National Center for Tumor Diseases,Heidelberg.METHODS:Using a prospectively generated database,we retrospectively analyzed 55 patients≥70years under palliative chemotherapy for advanced gastroesophageal cancer at the outpatient clinic of the National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg,Germany between January 2006 and December2013.Further requirements for inclusion were(1)histologically proven diagnosis of gastroesophageal cancer;(2)advanced(metastatic or inoperable)disease;and(3)no history of radiation or radiochemotherapy.The clinical information included Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status(ECOG PS),presence and site of metastases at diagnosis,date of previous surgery and perioperative chemotherapy,start and stop date of first-line treatment,toxicities and consecutive dosage reductions of first-line treatment,response to first-line therapy,date of progression,usage of second-line therapies and date and cause of death.Survival times[progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS)and residual survival(RS)]were calculated.Toxicity and safety were examined.Prognostic factors including ECOG PS,age and previousperioperative treatment were analyzed.RESULTS:Median age of our cohort was 76 years.86%of patients received a combination of two cytotoxic drugs.76 percent of patients had an oxaliplatin-based first-line therapy with the oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil regimen being the predominantely chosen regimen(69%).Drug modifications due to toxicity were necessary in 56%of patients,and 11%of patients stopped treatment due to toxicities.Survival times of our cohort are in good accordance with the major phaseⅢtrials that included mostly younger patients:PFS and OS were 5.8 and 9.5 mo,respectively.Survival differed significantly between patient groups with low(≤1)and high(≥2)ECOG PS(12.7 mo vs 3.8 mo,P<0.001).Very old patients(≥75 years)did not show a worse outcome in terms of survival.Patients receiving secondline treatment(51%)had a significantly longer RS than patients with best supportive care(6.8 vs 1.4 mo,P=0.001).Initial ECOG PS was a strong prognostic factor for PFS,OS and RS.CONCLUSION:Old patients with non-curable gastroesophageal cancer should be offered chemotherapy,and ECOG PS is a tool for balancing benefit and harm upfront.Second-line treatment is reasonable. | Anne Katrin Berger Stefanie Zschaebitz Christine Komander Dirk Jger Georg Martin Haag | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，16： | 6 |
| 5 | Brain changes in diabetes mellitus patients withgastrointestinal symptoms显示文摘Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. In various studies up to 30%-70% of patients present dysfunction and complications related to the gut. To date several clinical studies have demonstrated that autonomic nervous system neuropathy and generalized neuropathy of the central nervous system(CNS) may play a major role. This systematic review provides an overview of the neurodegenerative changes that occur as a consequence of diabetes with a focus on the CNS changes and gastrointestinal(GI) dysfunction. Animal models where diabetes was induced experimentally support that the disease induces changes in CNS. Recent investigations with electroencephalography and functional brain imaging in patients with diabetes confirm these structural and functional brain changes. Encephalographic studies demonstrated that altered insular processing of sensory stimuli seems to be a key player in symptom generation. In fact one study indicated that the more GI symptoms the patients experienced, the deeper the insular electrical source was located. The electroencephalography was often used in combination with quantitative sensory testingmainly showing hyposensitivity to stimulation of GI organs. Imaging studies on patients with diabetes and GI symptoms mainly showed microstructural changes,especially in brain areas involved in visceral sensory processing. As the electrophysiological and imaging changes were associated with GI and autonomic symptoms they may represent a future therapeutic target for treating diabetics either pharmacologically or with neuromodulation. | Anne M Drewes Eirik Søfteland Georg Dimcevski Adam D Farmer Christina Brock Jens B Frøkjær Klaus Krogh Asbjørn M Drewes | 2016 | World Journal of Diabetes2016，7，2： | 4 |
| 6 | Characterization of Fam20C expression in odontogenesis and osteogenesis using transgenic mice显示文摘Our previous studies have demonstrated that Fam20 C promotes differentiation and mineralization of odontoblasts,ameloblasts,osteoblasts and osteocytes during tooth and bone development.Ablation of the Fam20 C gene inhibits bone and tooth growth by increasing fibroblast growth factor 23 in serum and causing hypophosphatemia in conditional knockout mice.However,control and regulation of the expression of Fam20 C are still unknown.In this study,we generated a transgenic reporter model which expresses green fluorescence protein(GFP) driven by the Fam20 C promoter.Recombineering was used to insert a 16 kb fragment of the mouse Fam20 C gene(containing the 15 kb promoter and 1.1 kb of exon 1) intoa pBluescript SK vector with the topaz variant of GFP and a bovine growth hormone polyadenylation sequence.GFP expression was subsequently evaluated by histomorphometry on cryosections from E14 to adult mice.Fluorescence was evident in the bone and teeth as early as E17.5.The GFP signal was maintained stably in odontoblasts and osteoblasts until 4 weeks after birth.The expression of GFP was significantly reduced in teeth,alveolar bone and muscle by 8 weeks of age.We also observed colocalization of the GFP signal with the Fam20 C antibody in postnatal 1- and 7-day-old animals.Successful generation of Fam20C-GFP transgenic mice will provide a unique model for studying Fam20 C gene expression and the biological function of this gene during odontogenesis and osteogenesis. | Er-Xia Du Xiao-Fang Wang Wu-Chen Yang Deborah Kaback Siu-Pok Yee Chun-Lin Qin Anne George Jian-Jun Hao | 2015 | International Journal of Oral Science2015，7，2： | 3 |
| 7 | Comparative study of the effects of terlipressin versus splenectomy on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats显示文摘BACKGROUND: Post-hepatectomy liver failure as a result of insufficient liver remnant is a feared complication in liver surgery. Efforts have been made to find new strategies to support liver regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of terlipressin versus splenectomy on postoperative liver function and liver regeneration in rats undergoing 70%partial hepatectomy. METHODS: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups(n=24 in each group): 70% partial hepatectomy as control(PHC), 70% partial hepatectomy with splenectomy(PHS) or 70% partial hepatectomy with a micropump for terlipressin administration(PHT). Eight rats in each group were sacrificed on postoperative day(POD) 1,3 and 7. To assess liver regeneration, immunohistochemical analysis of liver tissue using bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) and Ki-67 labeling was performed. Portal venous pressure, serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, albumin, bilirubin and prothrombin time as well as liver-, body-weight and their ratio were determined on POD 1, 3 and 7.RESULTS: The liver-, body-weight and their ratio were not statistically different among the groups. On POD 1, 3 and 7 portal venous pressure in the intervention groups(PHT:8.13 ±1.55, 10.38±1.30, 6.25±0.89 cm H_2O and PHS: 7.50±0.93,8.88 ±2.42, 5.75±1.04 cm H_2O) was lower compared to the control group(PHC: 8.63±2.06, 10.50±2.45, 6.50±2.67 cmH_2O). Hepatocyte proliferation in the intervention groups was delayed, especially after splenectomy on POD 1(Brd U: PHS vs PHC, 20.85% ±13.05% vs 28.11%±10.10%; Ki-67, 20.14%±14.10% vs 23.96% ±11.69%). However, none of the differences were statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS: Neither the administration of terlipressin nor splenectomy improved liver regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy in rats. Further studies assessing the regulation of portal venous pressure as well as extended hepatectomy animal models and liver function tests will help to further investigate mechanisms of liver regeneration. | Tom Florian Ulmer Anne Weiland Georg Lurje Christian Klink Anne Andert Hamid Alizai Christoph Heidenhain Ulf Neumann | 2017 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2017，16，5： | 3 |
| 8 | Six intragastric balloons:Which to choose?显示文摘Endoscopically placed intragastric balloons(IGBs)have played a significant role in obesity treatment over the last 30 years,successfully bridging the gap between lifestyle modification/pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery.Since they provide a continuous sensation of satiety that helps the ingestion of smaller portions of food,facilitating maintenance of a low-calorie diet,they have generally been considered an effective and reversible,less invasive,non-surgical procedure for weight loss.However,some studies indicate that balloons have limited sustainable effectiveness for the vast majority attempting such therapy,resulting in a return to the previous weight after balloon removal.In this review we try to summarize the pros and cons of various balloon types,to guide decision making for both the physician and the obese individual looking for effective treatment.We analyzed the six most commonly used IGBs,namely the liquid-filled balloons Orbera,Spatz3,ReShape Duo and Elipse,and the gas-filled Heliosphere and Obalon-also including comments on the adjustable Spatz3,and the swallowable Obalon and Elipse-to optimize the choice for maximum efficacy and safety. | George Stavrou Anne Shrewsbury Katerina Kotzampassi | 2021 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2021，13，8： | 3 |
| 9 | Factors Associated With Pneumothorax and Pneumothorax Requiring Treatment after Percutaneous Lung Biopsy in 443 Consecutive Patients显示文摘 | Anne M. Covey Ripal Gandhi Lynn A. Brody George Getrajdman Howard T. Thaler Karen T. Brown | 2004 | Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology2004，，5： | 2 |
| 10 | Portal Hypertension in Children: Expert Pediatric Opinion on the Report of the Baveno V Consensus Workshop on Methodology of Diagnosis and Therapy in Portal Hypertension显示文摘 | Benjamin L. Shneider Jaime Bosch Roberto de Franchis Sukru H. Emre Roberto J. Groszmann Simon C. Ling Jonathan M. Lorenz Robert H. Squires Riccardo A. Superina Ann E. Thompson George V. Mazariegos | 2012 | Pediatric Transplantation2012，，5： | 2 |
| 11 | Profound neutralization evasion and augmented host cell entry are hallmarks of the fast-spreading SARS-CoV-2 lineage XBB.1.5显示文摘Since late 2022, the share of infections caused by the SARS-CoV2 lineage XBB.1.5 has gradually increased in the United States,resulting in XBB.1.5 becoming the dominating SARS-CoV-2lineage in the United States and a similar trend is likely to soontake place also in European countries. However, information onthe virological properties of XBB.1.5 is scarce. Here, weconducted an initial virological assessment of the SARS-CoV-2XBB.1.5 lineage. | Markus Hoffmann Prerna Arora Inga Nehlmeier Amy Kempf Anne Cossmann Sebastian R.Schulz Gema Morillas Ramos Luis A.Manthey Hans-Martin Jäck Georg M.N.Behrens Stefan Pöhlmann | 2023 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2023，20，4： | 2 |
| 12 | Laparoscopic versus open resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach显示文摘 | Kristel Vogelaere Anne Hoorens Patrick Haentjens Georges Delvaux | 2013 | Surgical Endoscopy2013，，5： | 2 |
| 13 | Possible Involvement of Stress-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway and Fas Receptor Expression in Prevention of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis by Carvedilol显示文摘 | Tian-Li Yue Xin-Liang Ma Xinkang Wang Anne M. Romanic Gao-lin Liu Calvert Louden Juan-Li Gu Sanjay Kumar George Poste Robert R. Ruffolo Giora Z. Feuerstein | 1998 | Circulation Research1998，，2： | 2 |
| 14 | Low serum neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody levels in mildly affected COVID-19 convalescent patients revealed by two different detection methods显示文摘Neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of the SARS-CoV-2 spike(S)block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)entry into cells via surface-expressed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2).We used a surrogate virus neutralization test(sVNT)and SARS-CoV-2 S protein-pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV)vector-based neutralization assay(pVNT)to assess the degree to which serum antibodies from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)convalescent patients interfere with the binding of SARS-CoV-2 S to ACE2.Both tests revealed neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies in the sera of ~90% of mildly and 100% of severely affected COVID-19 convalescent patients.Importantly,sVNT and pVNT results correlated strongly with each other and to the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG and IgA antibodies.Moreover,levels of neutralizing antibodies correlated with the duration and severity of clinical symptoms but not with patient age.Compared to pVNT,sVNT is less sophisticated and does not require any biosafety labs.Since this assay is also much faster and cheaper,sVNT will not only be important for evaluating the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in a population but also for identifying promising plasma donors for successful passive antibody therapy. | Berislav Bosnjak Saskia Catherina Stein Stefanie Willenzon Anne Katrin Cordes Wolfram Puppe Gunter Bernhardt Inga Ravens Christiane Ritter Christian R.Schultze-Florey Nina Godecke Jorg Martens Hannah Kleine-Weber Markus Hoffmann Anne Cossmann Mustafa Yilmaz Isabelle Pink Marius M.Hoeper Georg M.N.Behrens Stefan Pohlm ann Rainer Blasczyk Thomas F.Schulz Reinhold Forster | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，4： | 2 |
| 15 | Diffusion tensor and dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI in glioblastoma显示文摘 | Anastasia K. Zikou George A. Alexiou Paraskevi Kosta Ann Goussia Loukas Astrakas Periklis Tsekeris Spyridon Voulgaris Vasiliki Malamou-Mitsi Athanasios P. Kyritsis Maria I. Argyropoulou | 2011 | Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery2011，，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Primary Patency of Wallstents in Malignant Bile Duct Obstruction: Single vs. Two or More Noncoaxial Stents显示文摘 | Majid Maybody Karen T. Brown Lynn A. Brody Anne M. Covey Constantinos T. Sofocleous Raymond H. Thornton George I. Getrajdman | 2009 | CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology2009，，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Isolation of Angiopoietin-1, a Ligand for the TIE2 Receptor, by Secretion-Trap Expression Cloning显示文摘 | Samuel Davis Thomas H Aldrich Pamela F Jones Ann Acheson Debra L Compton Vivek Jain Terence E Ryan Joanne Bruno Czeslaw Radziejewski Peter C Maisonpierre George D Yancopoulos | 1996 | Cell1996，，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Factors Associated With Pneumothorax and Pneumothorax Requiring Treatment after Percutaneous Lung Biopsy in 443 Consecutive Patients显示文摘 | Anne M. Covey Ripal Gandhi Lynn A. Brody George Getrajdman Howard T. Thaler Karen T. Brown | 2004 | Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology2004，，5： | 1 |
| 19 | The biogeochemistry and zoogeography of lakes and rivers in arctic Alaska显示文摘 | George W. Kling W. John O’Brien Michael C. Miller Anne E. Hershey | 1992 | Hydrobiologia (-)1992，，1： | 1 |
| 20 | DNA-linked Metal Nanosphere Materials: Structural Basis for the Optical Properties显示文摘 | Anne A L George C S | 2000 | J Phys Chem B2000，104，3： | 1 |
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