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| 1 | 影响卒中死亡率下降的因素美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会的科学声明显示文摘背景和目的 美国的卒中死亡率自20世纪初以来一直呈下降趋势,尽管这种“下降”很受欢迎,但其原因尚不完全清楚.由于近年来卒中死亡率呈现出更为显著的加速下降趋势,卒中已从美国的第3位死亡原因下降至第4位.这促使人们对影响卒中发病风险和死亡率变化的相关因素进行详细评估.这份声明对有关卒中死亡率下降趋势的促进因素的研究证据进行回顾,并讨论了将来如何利用这些因素在卒中这一重大公共卫生问题的干预研究中发挥作用.方法 写作组成员由委员会主席和副主席根据其以前在相关领域的研究成果提名,并通过美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会和美国心脏协会手稿监督委员会批准.作者利用系统文献综述,参考公开发表的临床和流行病学研究、发病率和死亡率报告、临床与公共卫生指南、权威声明、个人文件以及专家意见,对相关证据进行总结并指出与当前知识水平的差距.所有写作组成员均有机会评论这份声明并批准其最终版本.这份声明经过AHA内部的广泛同行评议以及卒中委员会领导阶层和科学声明监督委员会的审查,然后获得AHA科学顾问与协调委员会的批准.结果 过去数十年间,在不同性别、所有种族/民族以及各个年龄组人群中都观察到卒中死亡率的下降,这体现出人群健康的重大进展.除了卒中对于总体寿命损失的影响减少外,在65岁以下人群中观察到的卒中死亡率显著下降体现了其所致潜在寿命损失年的减少.卒中死亡率的下降要归功于卒中发病率和病死率的降低.这些卒中转归的显著改善与心血管危险因素的控制和干预相一致.虽然很难计算出具体的归因危险度估计值,但始于20世纪70年代的血压控制措施似乎已对卒中死亡率的加速下降产生了最实质性的影响.尽管实施较晚,但糖尿病和血脂异常控制以及戒烟计划,特别是联合降压治疗,似乎同样促进了卒中死亡率的下降.远程医疗和卒中医疗体系也似乎具有强烈的潜在作用,但尚需足够长的时间来证明其对卒中死亡率下降的影响.其他因素也可能产生影响,但需要更多的研究来确定它们的作用.结论 卒中死亡率的下降是真实存在的,代表着公共卫生以及临床医学的巨大成功.卒中从第3位死亡原因下降至第4位是死亡率真实下降的结果,而并非由于慢性肺病死亡率上升所致,后者是目前在美国是第3位的死亡原因.有强烈的证据表明,卒中死亡率的下降可归功于以科学发现为基础、旨在降低卒中风险而执行的联合干预措施和项目,其中最有可能的是对高血压控制的改善.因此,对正在开展的干预项目进行的研究及其成果的应用已改善了人群健康.对一些积极的循证公共卫生项目以及临床干预措施的持续应用预期会进一步降低卒中死亡率. | Daniel T.Lackland Edward J.Roccella Anne F.Deutsch Myriam Fornage Mary G.George George Howard Brett M.Kissela Steven J.Kittner Judith H.Lichtman Lynda D. Lisabeth Lee H. Schwamm Eric E. Smith 高一鹭 陈政弘 王文志 | 2014 | 国际脑血管病杂志2014，22，5： | 41 |
| 2 | 七个发达国家卫生系统的领导与治理显示文摘本文运用结构式调查方法,探讨了澳大利亚、英国、德国、荷兰、挪威、瑞典和瑞士七个发达国家卫生系统的领导和治理情况。领导与治理模式包含三项基本职能:优先顺序设置、绩效监管和问责制。各国卫生系统的领导和治理方法存在着显著差异,零散并略显随意。虽然各国在卫生系统的总体目标上达成了共识,但设置优先顺序的途径各不相同。成本效益分析作为设置卫生系统运行优先顺序的一个主要方法被各国加以广泛运用,但并未发挥核心作用。各国虽然处于不同的发展阶段,但绩效监管却能广泛吸收有益意见。问责制特别是在最优方法的不确定性方面,各国之间的差异最大。大多数情况下,市场机制、选举程序、直接经济激励以及专业监督与控制等几种不同问责机制的组合可能更为合适。而且这些机制应与优先顺序设置和绩效监管协调一致。 | Peter C Smith Anders Anell Reinhard Busse Luca Crivelli Judith Healy Anne Karin Lindahl Gert Westert Tobechukwu Kene | 2012 | 中国卫生政策研究2012，5，11： | 13 |
| 3 | Radiofrequency ablation for early oesophageal squamous neoplasia:Outcomes form United Kingdom registry显示文摘AIM:To report outcomes on patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation(RFA)for early oesophageal squamous neoplasia from a National Registry.METHODS:A Prospective cohort study from 8 tertiary referral centres in the United Kingdom.Patients with squamous high grade dysplasia(HGD)and early squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)confined to the mucosa were treated.Visible lesions were removed by endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)before RFA.Following initial RFA treatment,patients were followed up 3monthly.Residual flat dysplasia was treated with RFA until complete reversal dysplasia(CR-D)was achieved or progression to invasive Squamous cell cancer defined as infiltration into the submucosa layer or beyond.The main outcome measures were CR-D at 12 mo from start of treatment,long term durability,progression to cancer and adverse events.RESULTS:Twenty patients with squamous HGD/ESCC completed treatment protocol.Five patients(25%)had EMR before starting RFA treatment.CR-D was 50%at12 mo with a median of 1 RFA treatment,mean 1.5(range 1-3).Two further patients achieved CR-D with repeat RFA after this time.Eighty per cent with CR-D remain dysplasia free at latest biopsy,with median follow up 24 mo(IQR 17-54).Six of 20 patients(30%)progressed to invasive cancer at 1 year.Four patients(20%)required endoscopic dilatations for symptomatic structuring after treatment.Two of these patients have required serial dilatations thereafter for symptomatic dysphagia with a median of 4 dilatations per patient.The other 2 patients required only a single dilatation to achieve an adequate symptomatic response.One patient developed cancer during follow up after end of treatment protocol.CONCLUSION:The role of RFA in these patients re-mains unclear.In our series 50%patients responded at12 mo.These figures are lower than limited published data. | Rehan J Haidry Mohammed A Butt Jason Dunn Matthew Banks Abhinav Gupta Howard Smart Pradeep Bhandari Lesley Ann Smith Robert Willert Grant Fullarton Morris John Massimo Di Pietro Ian Penman Marco Novelli Laurence B Lovat | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，36： | 7 |
| 4 | The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic Treg Cell Homeostasis显示文摘 | Patrick M. Smith Michael R. Howitt Nicolai Panikov Monia Michaud Carey Ann Gallini Mohammad Bohlooly-Y Jonathan N. Glickman Wendy S. Garrett | 2013 | Science . 2013 (6145)2013，，： | 3 |
| 5 | 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines显示文摘 | Neil J. Stone Jennifer G. Robinson Alice H. Lichtenstein C. Noel Bairey Merz Conrad B. Blum Robert H. Eckel Anne C. Goldberg David Gordon Daniel Levy Donald M. Lloyd-Jones Patrick McBride J. Sanford Schwartz Susan T. Shero Sidney C. Smith Karol Watson Pet | 2014 | Circulation (_suppl_ Suppl)2014，，25： | 2 |
| 6 | A Pooled Analysis of Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia Diagnoses After Colonoscopic Polypectomy显示文摘 | María Elena Martínez John A. Baron David A. Lieberman Arthur Schatzkin Elaine Lanza Sidney J. Winawer Ann G. Zauber Ruiyun Jiang Dennis J. Ahnen John H. Bond Timothy R. Church Douglas J. Robertson Stephanie A. Smith–Warner Elizabeth T. Jacobs David S. Alb | 2009 | Gastroenterology2009，，3： | 2 |
| 7 | Characteristics of Missed or Interval Colorectal Cancer and Patient Survival: A Population-Based Study显示文摘 | N. Jewel Samadder Karen Curtin Thérèse M.F. Tuohy Lisa Pappas Ken Boucher Dawn Provenzale Kerry G. Rowe Geraldine P. Mineau Ken Smith Richard Pimentel Anne C. Kirchhoff Randall W. Burt | 2014 | Gastroenterology2014，，4： | 2 |
| 8 | The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic Treg Cell Homeostasis显示文摘 | Patrick M. Smith Michael R. Howitt Nicolai Panikov Monia Michaud Carey Ann Gallini Mohammad Bohlooly-Y Jonathan N. Glickman Wendy S. Garrett | 2013 | 2013 (6145)2013，，6145： | 2 |
| 9 | HPV genotypes and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a multiethnic cohort in the southeastern USA显示文摘 | Adriana C. Vidal Jennifer S. Smith Fidel Valea Rex Bentley Maggie Gradison Kimberly S. H. Yarnall Anne Ford Francine Overcash Kathy Grant Susan K. Murphy Cathrine Hoyo | 2014 | Cancer Causes & Control2014，，8： | 2 |
| 10 | Absolute CBF and CBV measure-ments by MRI bolu stracking before and after ace tazola midechaI-lenge: repeat abilily and comparison with PET in hu- mans 显示文摘 | Grandin CB Anne B Smith AM | 2005 | Neuroimage2005，26，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Undiagnosed hypertension among young adults with regular primary care use显示文摘 | Heather M. Johnson Carolyn T. Thorpe Christie M. Bartels Jessica R. Schumacher Mari Palta Nancy Pandhi Ann M. Sheehy Maureen A. Smith | 2014 | Journal of Hypertension2014，，1： | 1 |
| 12 | DNA methylation in genomic imprinting, development, and disease显示文摘 | MartinaPaulsen Anne C.Ferguson‐Smith | 2001 | J Pathol2001，，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease显示文摘 | Anne Corbett Jessica Smith Byron Creese Clive Ballard | 2012 | Current Treatment Options in Neurology2012，，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Gold nanopar- tieles for the improved anticancer drug delivery of the active com- ponent of Oxaliplatin显示文摘 | Sarah D Brown Paola Nativo Jo - Ann Smith | 2010 | JACS2010，3，： | 1 |
| 15 | Witnessing Brown: Pursuit of an equity agenda in American education显示文摘 | ANNE SMITH ELIZABETH B KOZLESKI | 2005 | Remedial and Special Education2005，26，910： | 1 |
| 16 | Characterization of two phosphate transporters from barley; evidence for diverse function and kinetic properties among members of the Pht1 family显示文摘 | Anne L. Rae Daisy H. Cybinski Janine M. Jarmey Frank W. Smith | 2003 | Plant Molecular Biology (-)2003，，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Descending Inhibitory Pain Modulation Is Impaired in Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis显示文摘 | S?ren Schou Olesen Christina Brock Anne Lund Krarup Peter Funch–Jensen Lars Arendt–Nielsen Oliver H. Wilder–Smith Asbj?rn Mohr Drewes | 2010 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2010，，8： | 1 |
| 18 | Ultrasound Guided Fascia Iliaca Block: A Comparison With the Loss of Resistance Technique显示文摘 | John Dolan Anne Williams Eileen Murney Malcolm Smith Gavin N.C. Kenny | 2008 | Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine2008，，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Phosphate transport in plants显示文摘 | Frank W. Smith Stephen R. Mudge Anne L. Rae Donna Glassop | 2003 | Plant and Soil (-)2003，，1： | 1 |
| 20 | A cross-cultural perspective on the role of emotion in negative service encounters显示文摘 | Anne M Smith | 2006 | The Service Industries Journal2006，26，7： | 1 |
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