| 3 | Encephalitis associated with autoantibody binding to the anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor:immunopathogenesis,mechanisms,and clinical characteristics显示文摘Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)encephalitis has been increasingly recognized in recent years.This condition may be the most common cause of antibody-mediated encephalitis worldwide.The majority of patients are young at the time of onset,female,and present with an acute-to-subacute onset of behavioral changes followed by seizure,abnormal movement,autonomic dysfunction,and finally hypoventilation with coma if left untreated.The immunopathogenesis of this disease may be due to antibody-mediated internalization of NMDARs from synapses,which results in the dysfunction of particular brain regions(especially the hippocampus and frontostriatal area).Compared to serum,the cerebrospinal fluid permits the more sensitive detection of anti-NMDAR antibody.Ovarian teratoma may be present in up to 40%of patients but is less frequent in children or late-onset disease(>45 years old).The severity at the time of disease onset and time to appropriate immunotherapy(high-dose steroid plus plasmapheresis or intravenous immunoglobulin)are independent factors that are associated with good outcomes. | Adhasit Nawa‑apisak Saharat Aungsumart Metha Apiwattanakul | 2016 | Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation2016，3，1： | 0 |
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