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| 1 | BCLC策略:预后预测和治疗推荐2022版更新显示文摘2018版BCLC预后和治疗推荐策略发布后,肝细胞癌(简称HCC)的研究又取得了重大进展。本次更新基于肝癌各领域的研究进展结果。重点关注影响策略的重要研究进展。虽然近年的研究结果成绩斐然,但将其引入为临床医生和研究者提供行动依据的循证模型指南来说证据效力依然不够确切。本文对该问题进行分析,阐述了为HCC患者制定个体化治疗临床决策所需的批判性思维和专业知识。 | Reig M Forner A Rimola J Ferrer-Fabrega J Burrel M Garcia-Criado A Kelley RK Galle PR Mazzaferro V Salem R Sangro B Singal AG Vogel A Fuster J Ayuso C Bruix J 刘永凡(摘译) 崔笑(摘译) 耿小平(审校) | 2022 | 肝胆外科杂志2022，30，5： | 80 |
| 2 | Expression of the B7 - related molecule B7 - H1 by glioma cells: a potential mechanism of immune paralysis显示文摘Human glioblastoma is a highly lethal tumor that is known for its immune inhibitory capabilities.B7-homologue l(B7-H 1),a recently identified homologue of B7.1/2(CD80/86),has been described to exert costimulatoryand immune regulatory functions.We investigated the expression and the functional activity of B7-H 1 in humanglioma cells in vitro and in vivo.Although lacking B7.1/2(CD80/86),all 12 glioma cel1 1ines constitutivelyexpressed B7-H1 mRNA and protein.Exposure to IFN-gamma strongly enhanced B7-H 1 expression.Im- | Wintterle S Schreiner B Mitsdoerffer M Schneider D Chen Meyermann R Weller M Wiendl H | 2003 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2003，1，4： | 37 |
| 3 | AGNP精神科治疗药物监测共识指南:2011显示文摘治疗药物监测(Therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM),如通过定量测定血清或血浆药物浓度指导用药剂量优化,已经成为对患者进行精神药物治疗的很有价值的工具。在患者用药依从性难以判断、药物耐受性不佳、治疗剂量下无效以及可能存在药代动力学药物-药物相互作用等情况下,测定药物浓度是很有用的。在精神科,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括儿童、孕妇、老年患者、智力障碍患者、涉及司法的患者、已知或怀疑携带药代动力学相关基因变异的患者,以及合并躯体疾病影响药代动力学的患者。然而,只有将TDM充分整合到临床治疗过程中去,才能发挥其优化药物治疗的潜在优势。为了促进TDM的合理应用,神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie,AGNP)的TDM专家组在2004年发表了精神药物治疗药物监测指南。之后,随着知识不断更新,又有许多可能需要进行TDM的新药上市。因此,本次更新将神经精神药物的种类扩展到了128种,并将其TDM必要性划分为从'强烈推荐'到'可能有用'的四个等级。经过大量细致且全面的文献检索与分门别类的汇总整理,将基于循证医学理念的'治疗参考浓度范围'和'剂量相关参考浓度范围'呈现给大家。本共识指南引入了'实验室警戒浓度'的新概念,即实验室需要马上告知治疗医生的药物浓度上限。本共识指南还给出了诸如药物作为细胞色素P450酶的底物和抑制剂的性质,代谢物与母药浓度比值的常见范围,以及与结果解释相关的内容,还提供了何时将TDM与遗传药理学检测相结合的建议。遵循本指南,有助于改善许多患者精神药物治疗的效果,特别是那些存在药代动力学异常的患者。TDM是一门交叉学科,有时针对看起来不一致的数据,需要多学科坦诚地讨论,只有这样,患者才能从这种合作中获益。 | Hiemke C Baumann P Bergemann N Conca A Dietmaier O Egberts K Fric M Gerlach M Greiner C Gründer G Haen E Havemann-Reinecke U Jaquenoud Sirot E Kirchherr H Laux G Lutz UC Messer T Müller MJ Pfuhlmann B Rambeck B Riederer P Schoppek B Stingl J Uhr M Ulrich S Waschgler R Zernig G 李文标(译) 果伟(译) 阮灿军(译) 贺静(译) 汤宜朗(审校) 王传跃(审校) | 2016 | 实用药物与临床2016，19，10： | 37 |
| 4 | 最新AD研究用诊断标准:IWG-2标准显示文摘在过去的8年中,国际工作组织(IWG)和美国国立老化研究院-阿尔茨海默协会(NIA-AA)建立了阿尔茨海默病(AD)诊断标准,它能更好地定义AD的临床表型,整合了生物标记物于诊断流程中,并覆盖了疾病的全程。本意见书充分地权衡了IWG标准的优缺点,建议改进诊断框架。依据这些改进,AD的诊断变得简单,只要有恰当的AD临床表型(典型或不典型)和与AD的病理相一致的病理生理学生物标志物出现。我们认为疾病的下游的定位性生物标志,如容积性磁共振成像(MRI)和氟脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射型计算机断层成像(FDG-PET)等,适合更好地测量和监测疾病过程。本文还详述了非典型性AD、混合性AD和AD临床前期的特异诊断标准。 | 陈刚 曹雯炜 俞羚 糜建华 Dubois B Feldman HH Jacova C Hampel H Molinuevo JL Blennow K DeK osky ST Gauthier S Selkoe D Bateman R Cappa S Crutch S Engelborghs S Frisoni GB Fox NC Galasko D Habert MO Jicha GA Nordberg A Pasquier F Rabinovici G Robert P Rowe C Salloway S Sarazin M Epelbaum S de Souza LC Vellas B Visser PJ Schneider L Stern Y Scheltens P Cummings JL | 2014 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2014，11，3： | 31 |
| 5 | Probiotic effects on intestinal fermentation patterns in patients with irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘AIM: To determine whether Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (Yakult ) can alter small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), as tested by the lactulose breath test, and whether this is associated with changes in symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS: 18 patients with IBS (Rome Ⅱ criteria), who showed an early rise in breath hydrogen with lactulose (ERBHAL), consumed 65 mL of Yakult daily for 6 wk. Lactulose breath test was repeated at the end of the treatment period. Symptoms were recorded daily using a 10 cm visual analogue scale. RESULTS: 14 patients completed the study, 9 (64%) had reversal of ERBHAL, with the median time of f irst rise in breath hydrogen increasing from 45 to 75 min (P = 0.03). There was no signifi cant improvement in the symptom score with probiotic therapy, except for wind (P=0.04). Patients commencing with at least moderate symptoms and who no longer had ERBHAL at the end of treatment, showed improvement in the overall symptoms scores [median fi nal score 5.3 (IQR3.9-5.9), 55% reduction; n=6] to a greater extent than those who had had persisting ERBHAL [final score 6.9 (5.0-7.0), 12% reduction; n = 5; P = 0.18]. CONCLUSION: Yakult is effective in altering fermentation patterns in the small bowel, consistent with reducing SIBO. The loss of ERBHAL was associated with reduced symptoms. The true interpretation of these fi ndings awaits a randomised, controlled trial. | Jacqueline S Barrett Kim EK Canale Richard B Gearry Peter M Irving Peter R Gibson | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，32： | 16 |
| 6 | Changes of the cytokine profile in inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘Cytokines are indispensable signals of the mucosaassociated immune system for maintaining normal gut homeostasis.An imbalance of their profile in favour of inflammation initiation may lead to disease states,such as that is observed in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).Although Crohn's disease(CD) is often described as a prototype of T-helper 1-type diseases,and ulcerative colitis(UC) is traditionally viewed as a T-helper 2-mediated condition,the classic paradigm,which categorises cytokines into pro-and anti-inflammatory groups,has recently been changed.The inflammation regulatory pathways may not be mutually exclusive as individual cytokines can have diverse and even opposing functions in various clinical and immunological settings.None the less there are many common immunological responses in IBD that are mediated by cytokines.Although they regulate and influence the development,course and recurrence of the inflammatory process,the concrete pathogenic role of these small signaling molecules is sometimes not unambiguous in the subtypes of the disease.Our aim is to review the current information about pro-and anti-inflammatory effects of traditionally studied and recently discovered cytokines in the pathogenesis of UC and CD.The better understanding of their production and functional activity may lead to the development of new therapeutic modalities. | Gyrgyi Mzes Béla Molnár Zsolt Tulassay Ferenc Sipos | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，41： | 16 |
| 7 | 我国农村居民的红细胞脂肪酸、血浆脂质与心血管疾病显示文摘对我国49个县的心血管疾病(CVD,包括冠心病、高血压心脏病和脑卒中)死亡率和4900例35~64岁成年男女的膳食进行了调查,并测定了血浆脂质[总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和甘油三酸酯(TG)]的含量,结果指出:1.和西方国家人群比较,我国农民血浆TC、TG、HDL-C和依此计算而得的LDL-C水平较低,而HDL-C/TC比值较高,CVD死亡率也较西方国家的为低。2.在TC、LDL-C与CVD死亡率之间无相关,但在红细胞油酸水平与CVD死亡率间有显著负相关。3.红细胞油酸水平与血浆TC含量间无相关,而与红细胞花生四烯酸水平呈显著负相关。指出油酸对CVD死亡率的影响有可能是通过另一条途径,即减低血小板的聚集作用。4.我国的CVD死亡率呈现明显的地区性分布,即南方低于北方。其分布与红细胞油酸含量,及大米摄取量的地区性分布呈明显的负关系。5.为解释CVD死亡率与红细胞油酸的负关系,本文提出了油酸可能置换了血小板膜磷脂中多不饱和脂肪酸的设想,但对大米保护CVD的作用则尚需有更多的调查和研究数据才能确证之。 | 范文洵 Parker R Parpia B 屈荫生 Cassano P Crawford M Leyton J 田巧珍 黎均耀 陈君石 Campbell C | 1992 | 营养学报1992，14，1： | 15 |
| 8 | Epithelial toll-like receptor 9 signaling in colorectal inflammation and cancer: Clinico-pathogenic aspects显示文摘Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize specific motifs which are frequently present in bacteria, fungi, prokaryotes and viruses. Amongst TLRs, TLR9 can be activated by such bacterial or viral DNA fragments, immunoglobulin-DNA complexes or synthetic oligonucleotides, which all contain unmethylated cytosineguanine nucleotide sequences (CpGs). Emerging data indicate that TLR9 signaling has a role in, and may influence, colorectal carcinogenesis and colonic inflammation. CpGs are classified into three groups according to their influence on both the antigen-specific humoraland cellular immunity, and the production of type 1 interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. TLR9 activation via CpGs may serve as a new therapeutic target for several cancerous and various inflammatory conditions. Due to its probable anti-cancer effects, the application possibilities of TLR9-signaling modulation may be extremely diverse even in colorectal tumors. In this review we aimed to summarize the current knowledge about TLR-signaling in the pathogenesis and therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. Due to the species-specific differences in TLR9 expression, however, one must be careful in translating the animal model data into the human system, because of the differences between CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide-responsive cells. TLR9 agonist DNA-based immunomodulatory sequences could also represent a promising therapeutic alternative in systemic inflammatory conditions and chronic colonic inflammations as their side effects are not significant. | István Fri Ferenc Sipos Tiana M Germann Alexandra Kalmár Zsolt Tulassay Béla Molnár Gyrgyi Mzes | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，26： | 14 |
| 9 | Cyclooxygenase-2 and epithelial growth factor receptor up-regulation during progression of Barrett's esophagus to adenocarcinoma显示文摘瞄准:在整个 Barretts 食管的前进调查 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 ) 和上皮的生长因素受体(EGFR ) 的表示() 。方法:COX-2 和 EGFR 蛋白质表情被使用免疫检测组织化学的方法。详细 cytomorphological 改变的 A 是坚定的。COX-2 和 EGFR 表示的区域被使用计算机成像系统确定。结果:COX-2 和 EGFR 的表情与前进一起增加了从到食管腺癌(EAC ) 。积极关联在 COX-2 表示和 EGFR 表示之间被发现。结论:COX-2 和 EGFR 可能在逐步的前进从是合作的到 EAC,从而导致致癌作用。 | Yan Li John M Wo Mukunda B Ray Whitney Jones Ruifeng R Su Susan Ellis Robert C G Martin | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，6： | 14 |
| 10 | Polymorphisms of MTHFD,plasma homocysteine levels, and risk of gastric cancer in ahigh-risk Chinese population显示文摘Purpose:Accumulative evidence suggests that folate has a protective effect on gastric cancer. The methylenetetrahyd-rofolate dlehydrogenase(MTHFD) plays an important role in folate and homocysteine metabolisms, and polymorphisms of MTHFD may result in disturbance of the folate-mediated homocysteine pathway. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that genetic variants of MTHFD and plasma homocysteine levels are associated with risk of gastric cancer and modulated by genotypes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR). Experimental Design: We genotyped G1958A and T401C in MTHFD and C677T in MTHFR and detected total plasma homocysteine(tHcy) levels in a case-control study of 589 gastric cancer cases and 635 cancer-free controls in a high-risk Chinese population. Results:The variant genotypes of MTHFD 1958AA and 401CC were associated with a significantly increased risk of gastric canceradjusted odds ratio(OR), 2.05; 95% confidence interval(95% CI),1.34-3.13 for 1958AA; adjusted OR,1.43; 95% CI,1.14-1.80 for 401CC compared with 1958GG/GA and 401TT/TC genotypes, respectively. Both of the effects were more evident in the subjects carrying MTHFR 677CT/TT genotypes. The average tHcy level was significantly higher in gastric cancer cases than in controls(P < 0.01), and the upper quartile of tHcy (> 13.6 mu mol/L) was associated with an 82% significantly increased risk of gastric cancer, compared with the lowest quartile of tHcy(<= 8.0 pmol/L;adjusted OR,1.82; 95% CI,1.20-2.75). Conclusions:The strong associations between MTHFD variants and the plasma tHcy levels and gastric cancer risk suggest, for the first time, a possible gene-environment interaction between genetic variants of folate-metabolizing genes and high tHcy levels in gastric carcinogenesis. | Wang, L. N Ke, Q Chen, W. S Wang, J. M Tan, Y. F Zhou, Y Hua, Z. L Ding, W. L Niu, J. Y Shen, J Zhang, Z. F Wang, X. R Xu, Y. H Shen, H. B Yi Xing | 2007 | 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)2007，27，7： | 10 |
| 11 | Bemisia tabaci Phylogenetic Groups in India and the Relative Transmission Efficacy of Tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus by an Indigenous and an Exotic Population显示文摘Bemisia tabaci adults from various host-plant species were collected from 31 regions across India.266 B.tabaci samples were first screened by RAPD-PCR to examine molecular variability and to select individuals with different fingerprints.Host-plant and region of collection were then used to select 25 individuals for PCR amplification and sequencing of their partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit one(mtCOI)genes.Pairwise comparisons with mtCOI consensus sequences showed that the majority of these samples had <3.5% sequence divergence from groups currently termed Asia I,Asia II-5,Asia II-7,and Asia II-8.The biotype-B B.tabaci from India clustered into the Middle East-Asia Minor 1 group.A new group of B.tabaci from Coimbatore,collected from pumpkin,was related most closely to the Asia I group(6.2% sequence divergence from the consensus Asia I sequence).To increase our understanding of the epidemiology of tomato leaf curl disease(ToLCD)and the key B.tabaci genetic groups involved in virus spread,the indigenous Asia I and the exotic biotype-B population from South India were used to carry out transmission experiments using Tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus(ToLCBV).The acquisition access periods(AAP),inoculation access periods(IAP),latent periods(LP),and ToLCBV transmission efficiencies of the two populations were compared and the biotype-B had the more efficient transmission characteristics.These results are discussed in relation to recent changes in the epidemiology of tomato leaf curl disease in South India. | R V Chowda-Reddy M Kirankumar Susan E Seal V Muniyappa Girish B Valand M R Govindappa John Colvin | 2012 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2012，11，2： | 8 |
| 12 | Elevated basal intestinal mucosal cytokine levels in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of patients with Crohn's disease显示文摘AIM To determine levels of cytokines incolonic mucosa of asymptomatic first degreerelatives of Crohn’s disease patients.METHODS Cytokines(Interleukin(IL)1-Beta,IL-2,IL-5 and IL-8)were measured using ELISAin biopsy samples of normal looking colonicmucosa of first degree relatives of Crohn’sdisease patients(n = 9)and from normalcontrols(n = 10)with no family history ofCrohn’s disease.RESULTS Asymptomatic first degree relativesof patients with Crohn’s disease had significantlyhigher levels of basal intestinal mucosalcytokines(IL-2,IL-5 and IL-8)than normalcontrols.Whether these increased cytokinelevels serve as phenotypic markers for a geneticpredisposition to developing Crohns diseaselater on,or whether they indicate early(pre-clinical)damage has yet to be further defined.CONCLUSION Asymptomatic first degreerelatives of Crohn’s disease patients have higherlevels of cytokines in their normal-lookingintestinal mucosa compared to normal controls,This supports the hypothesis that increasedcytokines may be a cause or an early event inthe inflammatory cascade of Crohns disease andare not merely a result of the inflammatoryprocess. | Indaram AVK Nandi S Weissman S Lam S Bailey B Blumstein M Greenberg R Bank S | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，1： | 8 |
| 13 | Plasminogen kringle 5-engineered glioma cells block migration of tumor- associated macrophages and suppress tumor vascularization and progres- sion.显示文摘 | Perri SR Nalbantoglu J Annabi B Koty Z Lejeune L Francois M Di Falco MR Beliveau R Galipeau J | 2005 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2005，3，3： | 8 |
| 14 | Viral hepatitis update: Progress and perspectives显示文摘Viral hepatitis,secondary to infection with hepatitis A,B,C,D,and E viruses,are a major public health problem and an important cause of morbidity and mortality.Despite the huge medical advances achieved in recent years,there are still points of conflict concerning the pathogenesis,immune response,development of new and more effective vaccines,therapies,and treatment.This review focuses on the most important research topics that deal with issues that are currently being solved,those that remain to be solved,and future research directions.For hepatitis A virus we will address epidemiology,molecular surveillance,new susceptible populations as well as environmental and food detections.In the case of hepatitis B virus,we will discuss host factors related to disease,diagnosis,therapy,and vaccine improvement.On hepatitis C virus,we will focus on pathogenesis,immune response,direct action antivirals treatment in the context of solid organ transplantation,issues related to hepatocellular carcinoma development,direct action antivirals resistance due to selection of resistanceassociated variants,and vaccination.Regarding hepatitis D virus,we describe diagnostic methodology,pathogenesis,and therapy.Finally,for hepatitis E virus,we will address epidemiology(including new emerging species),diagnosis,clinical aspects,treatment,the development of a vaccine,and environmental surveillance. | María B Pisano Cecilia G Giadans Diego M Flichman Viviana E Ré María V Preciado Pamela Valva | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，26： | 8 |
| 15 | Dietary advanced glycation end-products aggravate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘AIM To determine if manipulation of dietary advanced glycation end product(AGE), intake affects nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) progression and whether these effects are mediated via RAGE. METHODS Male C57Bl6 mice were fed a high fat, high fructose, high cholesterol(HFHC) diet for 33 wk and compared with animals on normal chow. A third group were given a HFHC diet that was high in AGEs. Another group was given a HFHC diet that was marinated in vinegar to prevent the formation of AGEs. In a second experiment, RAGE KO animals were fed a HFHC diet or a high AGE HFHC diet and compared with wildtype controls. Hepatic biochemistry, histology, picrosirius red morphometry and hepatic mR NA were determined. RESULTS Long-term consumption of the HFHC diet generated significant steatohepatitis and fibrosis after 33 wk. In this model, hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal content(a marker of chronic oxidative stress), hepatocyte ballooning, picrosirius red staining, α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type 1A gene expression were all significantly increased. Increasing the AGE content of the HFHC diet by baking further increased these markers of liver damage, but this was abrogated by pre-marination in acetic acid. In response to the HFHC diet, RAGE-/-animals developed NASH of similar severity to RAGE+/+ animals but were protected from the additional harmful effects of the high AGE containing diet. Studies in isolated Kupffer cells showed that AGEs increase cell proliferation and oxidative stress, providing a likely mechanism through which these compounds contribute to liver injury. CONCLUSION In the HFHC model of NAFLD, manipulation of dietary AGEs modulates liver injury, inflammation, and liver fibrosis via a RAGE dependent pathway. This suggests that pharmacological and dietary strategies targeting the AGE/RAGE pathway could slow the progression of NAFLD. | Christopher Leung Chandana B Herath Zhiyuan Jia Sof Andrikopoulos Bronwyn E Brown Michael J Davies Leni R Rivera John B Furness Josephine M Forbes Peter W Angus | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，35： | 7 |
| 16 | Leukemia:研究鉴定出与34种AML白血病亚群相关联的基因突变显示文摘针对成年急性髓细胞白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)患者的一项新的大型研究将80种癌症相关基因突变与5种AML亚型相关联。这5种AML亚型可通过特异性的染色体异常加以确定。在未来,这些发现可能有助指导基因突变测试和治疗决策。 | A-K Eisfeld K Mrózek J Kohlschmidt D Nicolet S Orwick C J Walker K W Kroll J S Blachly A J Carroll J E Kolitz B L Powell E S Wang R M Stone A de la Chapelle J C Byrd C D Bloomfield | 2017 | 现代生物医学进展2017，17，15： | 7 |
| 17 | Regulatory T cells in inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer显示文摘Regulatory T cells(T regs) are key elements in immunological self-tolerance.The number of T regs may alter in both peripheral blood and in colonic mucosa during pathological circumstances.The local cellular,microbiological and cytokine milieu affect immunophenotype and function of T regs.Forkhead box P3+ T regs function shows altered properties in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs).This alteration of T regs function can furthermore be observed between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis,which may have both clinical and therapeutical consequences.Chronic mucosal inflammation may also influence T regs function,which together with the intestinal bacterial flora seem to have a supporting role in colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis.T regs have a crucial role in the immunoevasion of cancer cells in sporadic colorectal cancer.Furthermore,their number and phenotype correlate closely with the clinical outcome of the disease,even if their contribution to carcinogenesis has previously been controversial.Despite knowledge of the clinical relationship between IBD and colitis-associated colon cancer,and the growing number of immunological aspects encompassing sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis,the molecular and cellular links amongst T regs,regulation of the inflammation,and cancer development are still not well understood.In this paper,we aimed to review the current data surrounding the role of T regs in the pathogenesis of IBD,colitis-associated colon cancer and sporadic colorectal cancer. | Gyrgyi Mzes Béla Molnár Ferenc Sipos | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，40： | 7 |
| 18 | Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Patient-Centered Approach: Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)显示文摘 | Inzucchi Silvio E Bergenstal Richard M Buse John B Diamant Michaela Ferrannini Ele Nauck Michael Peters Anne L Tsapas Apostolos Wender Richard Matthews David R | 2012 | EN2012，，3： | 6 |
| 19 | Systematic mechanism-orientated approach to chronic pancreatitis pain显示文摘Pain in chronic pancreatitis(CP) shows similarities with other visceral pain syndromes(i.e.,inflammatory bowel disease and esophagitis),which should thus be managed in a similar fashion.Typical causes of CP pain include increased intrapancreatic pressure,pancreatic inflammation and pancreatic/extrapancreatic complications.Unfortunately,CP pain continues to be a major clinical challenge.It is recognized that ongoing pain may induce altered central pain processing,e.g.,central sensitization or pro-nociceptive pain modulation.When this is present conventional pain treatment targeting the nociceptive focus,e.g.,opioid analgesia or surgical/endoscopic intervention,often fails even if technically successful.If central nervous system pain processing is altered,specific treatment targeting these changes should be instituted(e.g.,gabapentinoids,ketamine or tricyclic antidepressants).Suitable tools are now available to make altered central processing visible,including quantitative sensory testing,electroencephalograpy and(functional) magnetic resonance imaging.These techniques are potentially clinically useful diagnostic tools to analyze central pain processing and thus define optimum management approaches for pain in CP and other visceral pain syndromes.The present review proposes a systematic mechanism-orientated approach to pain management in CP based on a holistic view of the mechanisms involved.Future research should address the circumstances under which central nervous system pain processing changes in CP,and how this is influenced by ongoing nociceptive input and therapies.Thus we hope to predict which patients are at risk for developing chronic pain or not responding to therapy,leading to improved treatment of chronic pain in CP and other visceral pain disorders. | Stefan AW Bouwense Marjan de Vries Luuk TW Schreuder Soren S Olesen Jens B Frokjær Asbjorn M Drewes Harry van Goor Oliver HG Wilder-Smith | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，1： | 6 |
| 20 | 一种miRNA标记在胶质瘤侵袭性表型的确定与预后评估中的价值(英文)显示文摘Gliomas represent a disparate group of tumours for which there are to date no cure. Thus,there is a recognized need for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on increased understanding of their molecular nature. We performed the comparison of the microRNA( miRNA) profile of 8 WHO grade II gliomas and 24 higher grade tumours( 2 WHO grade III and 22 glioblastomas) by using the Affymetrix Gene Chip miRNA Array v. 1. 0. A relative quantification method( RT-q PCR) with standard curve was used to confirm the 22 miRNA signature resulted by array analysis. The prognostic performances of the confirmed miRNAs were estimated on the Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas( TCGA) datasets. We identified 22 miRNAs distinguishing grade II gliomas from higher grade tumours.RT-q PCR confirmed the differential expression in the two patients' groups for 13 out of the 22 miRNAs. The analysis of the Glioblastoma Multiforme( GBM) and Lower Grade Glioma( LGG) datasets from TCGA demonstrated the association with prognosis for 6 of those miRNAs. Moreover,in the GBM dataset miR-21 and miR-210 were predictors of worse prognosis in both univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses( HR 1. 19,P = 0. 04,and HR 1. 18,P = 0. 029 respectively). Our results support a direct contribution of miRNAs to glioma cancerogenesis and suggest that miR-21 and miR-210 may play a role in the aggressive clinical behaviour of glioblastomas. | Barbano R Palumbo O Pasculli B Galasso M Volinia S D'Angelo V Icolaro N Coco M Dimitri L Graziano P Copetti M Valori VM Maiello E Carella M Fazio VM Parrella P | 2014 | 中华神经外科疾病研究杂志2014，13，5： | 6 |
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