| 2 | Genetic solutions through breeding counteract climate change and secure barley production in Australia显示文摘Climate changes threaten global sustainable food supply by reducing crop yield.Estimates of future crop production under climate change have rarely considered the capacity of genetic improvement in breeding high-yielding and stress-tolerant crop varieties.We believe that technological advancements and developing climate-resilient crop varieties may offset the adverse effects of climate change.In this study,we examined the historical record of barley breeding and yield,and the trends of climate changes over the past 70 years in Australia.We related the selection of fast development varieties to yield improvement,and revealed the genetic connections of fast development and yield potential through genome-wide association studies.Historical records show that Australia's barley yield has experienced a steady growth despite that the seasonal production window has been shortened due to increased risk of frost damage at flowering stage and terminal heat during maturity since the 1970s.The increase in yield is largely the result of higher yield capacity of the more recently developed varieties that develop faster to counteract the impact of increased terminal heat.We also show that the changing temperature may soon reach a critical point that dramatically changes the barley flowering behaviour to impact yield by pushing its growth beyond the seasonal production window to face increasing frost damage.For the first time,we provide evidence that the effects of climate change on crop production might be less severe than what is currently believed because the advancement of technologies and development of climate-resilient crop varieties may mitigate the adverse effect of climate change to some extent.The greater use of genetic techniques in crop breeding will play a vital role in sustainable global food production in the era of climate change. | Tianhua He Tefera Angessa Camilla B.Hill Xiao-Qi Zhang Paul Telfer Sharon Westcott Chengdao Li | 2022 | Crop Design2022，1，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Integrative Multi-omics Analyses of Barley Rootzones under Salinity Stress Reveal Two Distinctive Salt Tolerance Mechanisms显示文摘The mechanisms underlying rootzone-localized responses to salinity during early stages of barley development remain elusive.In this study,we performed the analyses of multi-root-omes(transcriptomes,metabolomes,and lipidomes)of a domesticated barley cultivar(Clipper)and a landrace(Sahara)that maintain and restrict seedling root growth under salt stress,respectively.Novel generalized linear models were designed to determine differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and abundant metabolites(DAMs)specific to salt treatments,genotypes,or rootzones(meristematic Z1,elongation Z2,and maturation Z3).Based on pathway over-representation of the DEGs and DAMs,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis is the most statistically enriched biological pathway among all salinity responses observed.Together with histological evidence,an intense salt-induced lignin impregnation was found only at stelic cell wall of Clipper Z2,compared with a unique elevation of suberin deposition across Sahara Z2.This suggests two differential salt-induced modulations of apoplastic flow between the genotypes.Based on the global correlation network of the DEGs and DAMs,callose deposition that potentially adjusted symplastic flow in roots was almost independent of salinity in rootzones of Clipper,and was markedly decreased in Sahara.Taken together,we propose two distinctive salt tolerance mechanisms in Clipper(growth-sustaining)and Sahara(salt-shielding),providing important clues for improving crop plasticity to cope with deteriorating global soil salinization. | William Wing Ho Ho Camilla B.Hill Monika S.Doblin Megan C.Shelden Allison van de Meene Thusitha Rupasinghe Antony Bacic Ute Roessner | 2020 | Plant Communications2020，1，3： | 0 |
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