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| 1 | Research on preservation and enrichment mechanisms of organic matter in muddy sediment and mudstone显示文摘Using multidiscipline methodologies, the differences in preservation and enrichment mechanisms of organic matter (OM) in muddy sediment and mudstone are investigated. In clay fractions, concentra- tions of TOC and chloroform bitumen “A” are significantly higher than those in coarser fractions. This indicates that clay minerals (CM) play an important role in enriching OM. The content of chloroform bitumen “A” increases obviously in the clay fraction, which reveals that dissolvable OM is the main composition of coalesce with clay minerals. Furthermore, TG and DTA data show that OM enrichment mechanisms and preservation forms have multiplicity. Several exothermic peaks in the DTA curves demonstrate that muddy sediment and mudstone contain a number of bioclasts and amorphous OM besides dissolvable OM. Through analyzing with XRD and DTA after mudstone samples were pretreated, the conclusions can be arrived at. Firstly, CM interlayer space of XRD curves and exothermic peaks of DTA curves both change as temperature increases. Secondly, the changes of CM interlayer space and exothermic peaks are concordant and stable around 350℃. All these are the features that OM enters CM interlayers to form stable organo-clay complexes. Therefore, the combination format of OM with CM is not only surface adsorption, partial OM enters CM interlayers to form stable organo-clay complexes. Finally, through the research on OM preservation forms and enrichment mechanisms in muddy sedi- ment and mudstone, the hydrocarbon-generation processes and the global carbon cycle and budget can be explained. | CAI JinGong BAO YuJin YANG ShouYe WANG XingXin FAN DaiDu XU JinLi WANG AiPing | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，5： | 25 |
| 2 | The significance and variation characteristics of interlay water in smectite of hydrocarbon source rocks显示文摘To investigate variation characteristics of interlayer water bound up with organic matter in smectite, organo-clay complexes extracted from grinded source rock samples were determined using thermo-XRD, DTA and PY-GC. The d001 diffraction peak of organo-clay complexes is postponed from 250 to 550°C before reaching 1.00 nm and accompanied by exothermal peaks on DTA and organic matter with abundant C20-C30 carbon detected by PY-GC, which is different from single smectite and indicates the existence of organic matter in the interlayer of smectite. Water desorption characteristics of organo-clay complexes are in consistent with smectite at 100 and 600°C, but different from smectite at 550°C with an additional dehydration peak and a remaining d001 diffraction peak, suggesting the water removed at 550°C is interlayer adsorption water rather than constituent water of clay minerals. Comparing the dehydration order and water loss, we conclude that part of interlayer water of smectite may act as the 'bridge' that binds organic matter and smectite, which results in water-expelled lag beyond 250°C and may provide a good medium for hydrocarbon migration and oil pool formation. | CAI JinGong LU LongFei BAO YuJin FAN Fu XU JinLi | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，3： | 6 |
| 3 | Stepwise synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles with adjustable structures and growth model显示文摘By stepwise adding of reducer N2H4·H2O,cuprous oxide(Cu2O)nanoparticles(NPs)with adjustable structures were synthesized.The features of Cu2O NPs were characterized by XRD,TEM and UV-Vis absorption spectra.When the reducer was added into the reactant system at one time,the sizes of the Cu2O NPs are in the range of 120–140 nm.Most Cu2O NPs are solid spheres.As the reducer was divided into two equal parts and stepwisely added,almost all the NPs are hollow spheres with good size(150–170 nm)distribution and dispersity.But when the reducer was divided into three or four equal parts and stepwisely added,the NPs are hollow spheres,core-shell structures or solid spheres,and the sizes distribution of the products is deteriorated.The effect of sodium hydrate(NaOH)was also probed.Addition of NaOH speeded up the nucleation and growth processes of Cu2O NPs.With the alkalinity increase,the shells of the hollow spheres become compact and the thicknesses of the shells increase,but the size distribution of the NPs is deteriorated.The absorption spectra of the Cu2O NPs are tunable.With the shell thicknesses increase,the absorption peaks have red shifts.An inside-outside growth model of Cu2O NPs was proposed to explain the results.The Cu2O single crystalline grains grow not only in the reactant solution,but also inside of the hollow nanospheres.The new Cu2O nanocrystallines can not only aggregate onto the shells of the nano hollow spheres,but also inside and outside of the hollow spheres,which leads to increasing the shell thicknesses of the hollow spheres,forming core-shell structures or small solid spheres of Cu2O NPs,respectively. | YANG AiLing WANG YuJin LI ShunPin BAO XiChang YANG RenQiang | 2014 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2014，57，11： | 3 |
| 4 | Synthesis of Ag@Cu_2O core-shell metal-semiconductor nanoparticles and conversion to Ag@Cu core-shell bimetallic nanoparticles显示文摘Ag@Cu2O core-shell metal-semiconductor nanoparticles(NPs) were prepared by using solution phase strategy. It was found that Ag@Cu2O core-shell NPs were easily converted to Ag@Cu bimetallic core-shell NPs with the help of surfactant PVP and excessive reducer ascorbic acid in air at room temperature, which is a unique phenomenon. Varying volumes of Ag colloidal solutions were added into the reaction mixtures containing fixed initial concentrations of Cu2+ and PVP, Ag@Cu2O and Ag@Cu core-shell NPs with fixed core size but varying outer shell thicknesses could be obtained. The composites, structures, morphologies and extinction properties of Ag@Cu2O and Ag@Cu core-shell NPs were systematically characterized by XRD, TEM and extinction spectra. Both of these NPs show wide tunable optical properties. The extinction peaks could be shifted from 421 nm to 700 nm. FTIR results reveal that Cu+ ions on the surface of Cu2 O nanocrystalline coordinate with N and O atoms in PVP and further are reduced to metallic Cu by excessive ascorbic acid and then form a nucleation site on the surface of Cu2 O nanocrystalline. PVP binds onto a different site to proceed with the reduction until all the Cu sources in Cu2 O NPs are completely assumed. And the shell of Cu2 O is converted to Cu shell. The synthesis approach in this paper is simple and also a promising reference for synthesizing other core-shell NPs. Ag@Cu2O NPs can be easily converted to Ag@Cu NPs in air at room temperature, which is promising to be used in electronic devices. | YANG AiLing LI ShunPin WANG YuJin WANG LeLe BAO XiChang YANG RenQiang | 2015 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2015，58，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Research on preservation and enrichment mechanisms of organic matter in muddy sediment and mudstone显示文摘 | CM Jingong BAO Yujin YANG Shouye | 2007 | Science in China series D: Earth Science2007，50，5： | 1 |
| 6 | A Reconstruction and Discussion of the Effect of Diagenetic Environment on Hydrocarbon Generation Based on Diagenetic Mineral Assemblage in Mudstone显示文摘Inorganic minerals in mudstone are composed of clay minerals,carbonate and detrital minerals.Detrital minerals(such as quartz and feldspar)are mainly original deposit.However,clay minerals(kaolinite,illite,and chlorite)and carbonate(calcite and dolomite)are mostly diagenetic minerals.Furthermore,conversion of the four kinds of clay minerals are common.The formation of clay minerals and carbonate is controlled by temperature,pressure,p H,Eh and type of cations during diagenesis.Therefore mineral assemblage can indicate the characteristics and change of diagenetic environment.In addition to inorganic minerals,there are also organic matter of different sources and chemical properties in mudstone.Traditionally,it is considered that evolution of organic matter is controlled by thermal effect.Now studies show that inorganic and organic matter can interact with each other and form clay-organic complexes.This suggest that attention should be paid to the influence of diagenetic mineral assemblage and diagenetic environment on the evolution of organic matter* Samples of mudstone from 1500-4500m of the Palaeogene in the Dongying Depression,China,were collected to investigate the changes of mudstone diagenetic environment.XRD,thin section and SEM were used to detect diagenetic minerals and assemblage characteristics.Results showed that content of detrital minerals,which are floating in mud matrix or preserved as silt laminae,is basically unchanged from shallow to deep strata.Clay minerals which are gathered as argillaceous matrix or preserved as argillaceous laminae have growth and decline relation to carbonate which mainly appear as micropoikilitic ferriferous calcite and ferriferous dolomite.All these characteristics indicate that detrital minerals are exogenetic,whereas carbonate is diagenetic minerals.Based on the SEM analysis of the clay minerals,it was found that smectite present honeycomb and reticulate structure,while illite present filiform and schistose structure and there are growth and decline relationship between them.Nevertheless,hexagonal tabular and stratified kaolinite has the highest content from 2400m to3300m.Rosette and stratified chlorite shows increase trend when the burial depth is deeper than 3300m.These characteristics indicated that clay minerals are diagenetic minerals and there are conversions among the four types.Therefore form shallow to deep,three diagenetic mineral assemblage zones can be divided based on the characteristics of carbonate and clay minerals in mudstone.Namely,smectite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2000-2500m;kaolinite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2500-3300m and illite+chlorite+carbonate zone below 3300m.Previous studies showed that kaolinite is stable under acidic conditions,while other clay minerals and carbonate are stable under alkaline conditions.Hence according to mineral assemblages feature,it was inferred that diagenetic environment of mudstonehasundergonethechangeof alkaline-acid-alkaline.For the organic matter with different chemical properties in mudstone,the hydrocarbon generation will be different in the acidic and alkaline diagenetic environment even if the conditions of temperature and pressure are the same.Therefore,for hydrocarbon generation we should not only focus on thermal effect,but also pay more attention to the differences of diagenetic environment which have great significance for the understanding of hydrocarbon generation,hydrocarbon expulsion and reservoir formation in mudstone. | DU Jiazong CAI Jingong ZENG Xiang BAO Yujin LIU Fei | 2017 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2017，91，S1： | 0 |
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