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| 1 | Fat:A matter of disturbance for the immune system显示文摘Obesity is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for a number of benign and malignant gastrointestinal conditions. However, literature on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is sparse and ambiguous. There is compelling evidence that both overnutrition and undernutrition negatively interfere with the immune system. Overnutrition has been found to increase susceptibility to the development of inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. In the regulation of immune and in? ammatory processes, white adipose tissue plays a critical role, not only as an energy store but also as an important endocrine organ. The obese state is characterised by a low-grade systemic in? ammation, mainly as a result of increased adipocytes as well as fat resident-and recruited-macrophage activity. In the past few years, various products of adipose tissue including adipokines and cytokines have been characterised and a number of pathways linking adipose tissue metabolism with the immune system have been identified. Activation of the innate immune system plays a major role in hepatic steatosis. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease includes a wide spectrum of diseases, from pure steatosis to non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis in the absence of signif icant alcohol consumption. Although steatosis is considered a non-progressive disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis may deteriorate in advanced chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. An important parallel between obesityrelated pathology of adipose tissue and liver pertains to the emerging role of macrophages, and growing evidence suggests that Kupffer cells critically contribute to progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, a close link between specif ic immune activation and atherosclerosis has been well established, suggesting that fat can directly trigger immune responses. This review discusses the role of fat as 'a matter of disturbance for the immune system' with a focus on hepatic steatosis. | Alessandro Federico Elena D’Aiuto Francesco Borriello Giusi Barra Antonietta Gerarda Gravina Marco Romano Raffaele De Palma | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，38： | 12 |
| 2 | Fracture initiation,growth and effect on stress field:a numerical investigation显示文摘 | Barra I G | 1998 | J Struct Geol1998，20，12： | 1 |
| 3 | Pri-mary structure of porcine Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase显示文摘 | SCHININM E BARRA D SIMMACO M | 1985 | FEBS Letters1985，186，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Abnormal phosphorylation of tau and the mechanism of Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration:sequestration of MAP1 and MAP2 and the disassembly of microtubules by the abnormal tau显示文摘 | Alonso A D Grundke-Iqbal I Barra H S | 1997 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1997，94，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Rapid separation of free fatty acids in vegetable oils by capillary electrophoresis 显示文摘 | Castro C Barra P M D C Oliveira M A L D | 2014 | Phytochemical Analysis2014，25，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Lower uterine segment thickness measure-ment in pregnant women with previous Cesarean sec-tion:reliability analysis using two and three-dimen-sional transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound显示文摘 | Martins W P Barra D A Gallarreta F M'Nastri C 0 Filho F M | 2009 | Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol2009，33，： | 1 |
| 7 | Primary structure of porcine Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase显示文摘 | Schininb M E Barra D Slmmaco M | 1985 | Elsevrer Scrence Publrshers B V (Biomedical Dwsron)1985，186，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Targeted disruption of the murinejunD gene results in multiple defects in male reproductive function显示文摘 | Thepot D Weitzman JB Barra J | 2000 | Development2000，127，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Skin Secretion of the European Frog Rana esculenta显示文摘 | Mignogna G Barra D | 1993 | FEBS Lett1993，324，： | 1 |
| 10 | The amino acid sequence of glutamate decarboxylase from Escherichia coli, Evolutionary relationship between mammalian and bacterial enzymes 显示文摘 | Maras B Sweeney G Barra D | 1992 | Eur J Biochem1992，204，： | 1 |
| 11 | Evidence that prokineticin receptor 2 exists as a dimer in vivo显示文摘 | MARSANGO S BONACCORSI DI PATYI M C BARRA D | 2011 | Cell Mol Life Sci2011，68，17： | 1 |
| 12 | Ab- normal phosphorylation of tau and the mechanism of Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration: sequestration of microtubule-as- sociated proteins 1 and 2 and the disassembly of microtubules by the abnormal tau显示文摘 | ALONSO A D GRUNDKE-IQBAL I BARRA H S et ol | 1997 | Proceedings of the National Academyof Sciences of the United States of America1997，94，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Adaptive radius immune algorithm for data clustering显示文摘 | BEZERRA G BARRA T CASTRO D | 2005 | ICARIS2005，33，： | 1 |
| 14 | Novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretion of the European frog Rana esculenta 显示文摘 | Simmaco M Mignogna G Barra D | 1993 | Federation of European Biochemical Societies1993，324，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Primary structure of hemoglobin from trout (Salmo irideus):Amino acid sequence of alpha chain of Hbtrout I显示文摘 | Bossa F Barra D Petruzzelli R | 1978 | Biochim Biophys Aeta1978，536，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Purification and functional properties of the hemoglobin components from the rat (Wistar)显示文摘 | Condò S G Giardina B Barra D | 1981 | Eur J Biochem1981，116，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Amphibian skin: A promising resource for antimicrobial peptides 显示文摘 | Barra D Simmaeo M | 1995 | Trends Biotechnol1995，13，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Dual graph representation of transport networks显示文摘 | ANEZ J BARRA D L PEREZ B | 1996 | Transportation Research Part B: Methodological1996，30，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Amphibian skin: a promising resource for antimicrobial peptides 显示文摘 | Barra D Simmaco M | 1995 | Trends Biotechnol1995，13，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Antimierobial peptides from amphibian skin: what do they tell us?显示文摘 | Simmaco M Mignogna G Barra D | 1998 | Biopolymers1998，47，6： | 1 |
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